广西苍梧县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解自练（五） 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 广西苍梧县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解自练（五） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica. Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors. Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠夺者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.” The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest. However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently – and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently. 1. According to the passage, what overall message is presented? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A. No firm conclusions are drawn. B. Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value. C. Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior. D. Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers. 2. Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage? A. Penguins are harder to research when they have young. B. Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica. C. Not all penguins behave in the same way. D. Penguins need better protection from tourists. 3. What do you notice about the views presented in the passage? A. They are groundless. B. They are factual. C. They are descriptive. D. They are conflicting. 69. What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean? A. later on B. carmly C. separately D. in the same place 【参考答案】1—4、ACDA 【2014 高考英语一模】 Born in America in 1898, William was an extraordinary boy, gifted with an amazing IQ between 250 and 300. The genius went to a grammar school when he was only 6 years old and graduated just within 7 months. At the age of 11, he became the youngest student of the Harvard University. He 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 graduated with high scores at the age of 16 and entered Harvard Law School at 18. Gifted with an amazing IQ between 220 and 230, Terence Tao makes it to this list of the people with the highest IQ in the world. Born in Adelaide, Australia in 1975, this genius first displayed his incredible intelligence at a mere age of 2, when he managed to solve basic arithmetic questions on his own. At the age of 16, he graduated with both Master's and Bachelor's degrees at the Flinders University. He has been considered as ''Mr. Fix it " by Charles Fefferman, who is a professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, and many other mathematicians want to interest him in their problems. This 31-year-old Japanese-American astrophysicist lands him third in this list. At the age of 12, Christopher Hirata already worked on college-level courses, around the time most of us were just in the 7th grade. At the age of 13, this gifted kid became the youngest American to have ever won the gold medal in the International physics Olympiad. At the age of 16, he was already working with NASA on its project to conquer planet Mars. After he was awarded the Ph.D. at Princeton University, he went back to California Institute of Technology. The next person with very high IQ is Albert Einstein. With an IQ between 160 and 190, Albert Einstein is the genius behind the theory of relativity, which has had great impact on the world of science. He possessed such an amazing ability that after his death, researchers were eager to preserve and make research on his brain in search for clues to his exceptional brilliance, which to this day, has remained a mystery. 61. About William, which of the following is true? A. His IQ reached between 220 and 230. B. At the age of 16, he graduated from a grammar school. C. At the age of 6, he graduated with both Master's and Bachelor's degrees. D. At the age of 11, he became the youngest student at the Harvard University. 62. How many people with remarkable IQ are mentioned in the passage? A. 3 B.4 C.5 D.6 63. Who once worked on the project to conquer planet Mars? A. William B. Terence Tao C. Christopher Hirata D. Abert Einstein 64. From the passage we can know that______. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A .when William graduated from the Harvard University, he got the highest scores B. at the age of 2, Terence solved basic arithmetic questions on his own C. Christopher Hirata is a Japanese D. researchers have found out why Albert Einstein was so brilliant 65. What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The most gifted college students in the world. B. The most famous people in the world. C. People with the highest IQ Ever Recorded. D. The most famous inventors. 【参考答案】61-65 DBCBC 科普知识型阅读理解 Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees(黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own.Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently. The new work by Sonya M．Kahlenberg and Richard W．Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings. The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks.Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes(猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization. “In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children’s toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures，” says Kahlenberg.“While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.” In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying.Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick.“We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls，” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard.“If the doll hypothesis (假 设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child.We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.” ( )1.What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks? A．She gives them to her child to play with. B．She treats them as dolls. C．She makes useful tools from them. D．She treats them as weapons. ( )2.What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage? A．Sex difference. B．Socialization. C．Environment. D．Cultural difference. ( )3.We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________. A．socialization has nothing to do with human’s choice of playthings B．sex difference is the only factor in human’s choice of playthings C．the biology factor may also influence toy choice D．people choose different toys in different cultures ( )4.Wrangham probably believes that ________. A．observing so many chimpanzees has been enough for them to make a conclusion B．the study proves human beings have evolved (进化) from chimpanzees C．all chimpanzees treat the sticks as dolls D．children playing with sticks are abnormal 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 ( )5.It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A．both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings C．only female chimpanzees have playthings D．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children 【解析】 本文是科普文。研究发现，雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。 1．B 细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。 2．A 细节理解题。综合分析文章可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。 3．C 推理判断题。从第四段可知，这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好。 4．A 推理判断题。从第五段最后一句可知答案。 5．A 推理判断题。综合文章信息可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原 因。 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. 【2014 高考英语 3 月一模试题】 It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body. This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities. They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium. But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning． But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months. However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subways. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels. Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐 怖分子) attack. 56. From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because . A. it’s easy to get a cold when taking a bath B. the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness C. we don’t get cleaned while showering D. we don’t get a weak immune system 57. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads. B. Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium. C. Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms. D. Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds. 58. We can learn from the third paragraph that . A. having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time B. the bacteria always threat people’s health C. there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system D. it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower 59. The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”． A. cause B. avoid C. describe D. promise 60. What contributes to fresh air in US subways? A. The train’s movement. B. Iron particles． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 C. Train wheels. D. Air conditioners on the trains． 题 号 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 答 案 B D C A A C D A B D B C A D C