高考英语二轮复习与增分策略考前特训题型组合练十五 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 题型组合练(十五) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2017·山东实验中学诊断三) Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses？Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women.Amazingly，it was a generally held view only 100 years ago in England.In a strange contradiction，this period produced a couple of most courageous and gifted authoresses.Here are three of them. Jane Austen (1775～1817) All the six completed novels of Jane Austen deal with the problems and limitations of women’s choices.At her time，the only respectable “career” for a woman was to marry，so the dilemma of her heroines’ was also to marry but for love.Besides the content，the appeal of her works also lies in her refreshingly light and ironic style. Charlotte Bronte (1816～1855) Charlotte Bronte’s novels were revolutionary for the explicit way they described women struggling against their restricted roles in society.Her heroines are outspoken in expressing their feelings，while demonstrating honesty and conscience in their choices.Her novel，Jane Eyre，published under a man’s name，was very successful when it came out.The book was a revelation after the more reserved feelings expressed in Jane Austen’s novels. George Eliot (1819～1880) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 Her novels examined the morally ambiguous concessions people make in their lives in order to succeed.In one of her books，Silas Marner，the hero discovers a little girl rejected by her own father.Her father did so for fear of losing his second wife’s love—a mistake for which the couple both suffer. 语篇解读 本文向读者介绍了三位著名的女作家：简·奥斯汀、夏洛蒂·勃朗特与乔 治·艾略特的小说风格。 1．Why does the author describe the authoresses as “courageous”？ A．They were honest in expressing their opinions. B．They broke the social restrictions on authoresses. C．There were few good men writers at their time. D．They fought against the law to publish their books. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据文章首段第一、二句“Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses？Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women.”可知，当时的社会是限制女性作家发展的，然而她们的出现体现出对社会偏见 的反抗，因此作者认为她们是勇敢的。故选 B 项。 2．The appeal of Jane Austen’s books mainly lies in . A．charming heroines B．respectable careers C．moving love stories D．content and style 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据 Jane Austen (1775～1817)部分最后一句“Besides the content， the appeal of her works also lies in her refreshingly light and ironic style.”可 知，简·奥斯汀的书不仅内容吸引人，而且风格独特。故选 D 项。 3．What can we learn about the book Silas Marner? A．It dealt with concessions people made. B．It was written by a man called George Eliot. C．Its heroines are outspoken and honest. D．It describes women struggling for equal rights. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据 George Eliot (1819～1880)部分第一句“Her novels examined the morally ambiguous concessions people make in their lives in order to succeed.”可 知，作者认为乔治·艾略特写的小说主要是关于人们在生活中作出的让步，接着作者以《织 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 工马南传》为例说明此观点。故选 A 项。B 项错在 a man；C、D 两项是对夏洛蒂·勃朗特小 说的描述。 B (2017·东北三省四市教研联合体一模) Last week ， Education Secretary Arne Duncan declared a war on paper textbooks.“Over the next few years，” he said in a speech at the National Press Club，“textbooks should be abandoned.” In their place would come a variety of digitallearning technologies，like ereaders and multimedia websites. Such technologies certainly have their place.But Secretary Duncan is threatening to light a fire to a triedandtrue technology—good old paper—that has been the foundation for one of the great educational systems on the planet.And while ereaders and multimedia may seem appealing，the idea of replacing an effective learning platform with a widely hyped(炒作) but still unproven one is extremely dangerous. An expert on reading，Maryanne Wolf，has recently begun studying the effects of digital reading on learning，and so far the results are mixed.She worries that Internet reading could be such a source of distractions(分散注意力) for the student that it may cancel out most other potential benefits of a Weblinked ， elearning environment.And while it’s true that the hightech industry has sponsored large amounts of research on the potential benefits of Webbased learning，not enough time has passed for longitudinal(纵向的) studies to demonstrate the full effects. In addition，digitalreading supporters claim that lightweight ebooks benefit students’backs and save schools money.But the rolling backpack seems to have solved the weight problem，and the surprising costs to outfit every student with an ereader， provide technical support and pay for regular software updates promise to make the etextbook a very pricey choice. As both a teacher who uses paper textbooks and a student of urban history，I can’t help but wonder what parallels exist between my own field and this sudden，wholesale abandonment of the technology of paper. 语篇解读 文章从不同角度及不同立场探讨了数字化学习技术是否会取代课本。 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．A triedandtrue technology is paper，long used in educational system. B．Digital learning technologies will replace the paper textbooks sooner or later. C．Ereaders and multimedia websites are learning methods that are proved effective. D ． Multimedia websites and a good old paper are kinds of digitallearning 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 technologies. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“But Secretary Duncan is threatening to light a fire to a triedandtrue technology—good old paper—that has been the foundation for one of the great educational systems on the planet.”可知，课本是真实可靠的技 术并且一直以来都是教育系统的基础。故选 A 项。 5．What is the drawback of textbooks according to the passage? A．Its price. B．Its weight. C．Its content. D．Its appearance. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句“In addition，digitalreading supporters claim that lightweight ebooks benefit students’backs and save schools money.” 可知，电子阅读的支持者们称，重量轻的电子书对学生的后背有益而且还可以为学校省钱， 这从侧面说明了纸质书也就是课本的缺点就是它的重量。故选 B 项。 6．What worries Maryanne Wolf most is that . A．paper learning can provide more potential benefits B．the results of digital reading effects are understandable C．students may not focus on learning by digital reading D．digital reading can’t provide potential benefits for users 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 Maryanne Wolf 可以定位到文章第三段，由第三段 第二句“She worries that Internet reading could be such a source of distractions(分 散注意力) for the student that it may cancel out most other potential benefits of a Weblinked，elearning environment.”可知，她担心网络阅读可能会分散学生的注意力， 以至于抵消了网络学习环境潜在的好处。故选 C 项。 7．What is the author’s attitude toward digitallearning? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Positive. D．Objective. 答案 D 解析 观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者客观地阐述了数字化学习的好处和缺陷，并结合不 同人的看法，从客观的角度进行分析。故选 D 项。 C (2017·甘肃兰州一中月考) The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco，California is one of the world’s most 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 beautiful bridges.It is also one of the most visited places in the world.Vehicles cross the bridge an average of 41 million times each year.More than 1,800 hundred million vehicles have used the bridge since it opened more than 70 years ago. The bridge was painted “International Orange” because that color went well with the natural surroundings.The color also is easier to see in the heavy fog that often covers the area.But the Golden Gate Bridge was not named for its orange color.It was named for the body of water that it crosses，the Golden Gate Strait. The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean.The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County， California.Planning for the bridge began in the 1920s when the area around San Francisco was growing.People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries(渡船)． Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer for the project.Work began in 1934.Mr Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building.These included the first use of “hard hats” to protect the workers’ heads and special glasses to protect their eyes. A special safety net was suspended(挂) under the bridge.This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction.However,11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net.Still，this was a new safety record for the time. The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937.It extends 1,280 meters across the water.The total length is 2,737 meters.It was the largest suspension bridge(吊桥) in the world until 1964.That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City.Today， the Golden Gate Bridge is the ninth longest suspension bridge in the world. 语篇解读 文章主要讲述了金门大桥名称的由来以及它的建造。 8．The Golden Gate Bridge was named after . A．the local climate B．the color of a paint C．the strait it crosses D．its natural surroundings 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was named for the body of water that it crosses，the Golden Gate Strait.”可知选 C。 9．The purpose of suspending a special safety net is to . A．protect the environment 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 B．make construction easier C．prevent workers from falling D．save building materials from falling 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“A special safety net was suspended(挂) under the bridge.This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction.”可知这网 是为了防止工人们掉下来。故选 C。 10．What do we know about Joseph Strauss? A．He attached importance to the workers’ safety. B．His safety measures were not of practical value. C．He built the first suspension bridge in the world. D．He demanded strong measures to ensure the safety of the bridge. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段第一、二句可知他重视工人的安全。故选 A。 11．The passage is written to . A．invite readers to San Francisco B．introduce the Golden Gate Bridge C．describe how the Golden Gate Bridge was built D．tell the story of an engineer called Joseph Strauss 答案 B 解析 写作意图题。纵观全文，可知本文主要讲述了金门大桥名称的来历以及它的建造，也 就是向人们介绍金门大桥。故选 B。 D (2017·吉林长春二模) Food production does great harm to our environment.There are many procedures involved in the manufacture of food that result in greenhouse gases and other pollutants.Some procedures require the consumption of large amounts of fossil fuels， such as the transportation and storage of food products.Other factors that cause great damage to our environment include the overuse of fresh water. The production of beef is more damaging to the environment than that of any other food we consume.Raising large numbers of cattle requires the production of large amounts of food for the animals.It’s estimated that producing one pound of beef requires seven pounds of feed. Land use is also a problem.If the cattle are freerange cattle，large areas of 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 land are required for them to live on.This has led to disastrous forest cutting and the loss of rare plants and animal species，particularly in tropical rain forests in Central and South America. Another problem specific to beef production is methane emissions( 甲 烷 排 放)．Although many people are aware of the damaging effects of carbon dioxide，they don’t realize methane’s global warming potential is 25 times worse，making it a more dire problem. Unfortunately，beef consumption is growing rapidly.This is the result of simple supply and demand factors.Specifically，there are two main causes of demand that are encouraging the production of more supply.First，the increase in the world population means there are more people to consume meat.The second factor is socioeconomic advancement.As citizens in developing nations become financially stable，they can afford to buy more meat. Therefore，one way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is for people around the world to significantly cut down on the amount of beef they eat. 语篇解读 本文介绍了在牛肉的生产过程中，饲养牛需要消耗大量食物，占用大片土地， 牛体内的食物消化又会产生大量的甲烷并会释放到大气中，从而危害环境，因此作者呼吁 为了保护环境人们应减少牛肉的消耗。 12．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Raising freerange cattle is ecofriendly. B．People cut down trees for animal habitats. C．Producing beef can damage the environment. D．Carbon dioxide causes far more harm than methane. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The production of beef is more damaging to the environment than that of any other food we consume.”可知，牛肉的生产过程会对环境 造成破坏。故选 C 项。 13．The underlined word “dire” in Para.4 means “ ”． A. urgent B．common C．typical D．avoidable 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，在牛肉的生产过程中会产生大量的甲烷，而甲烷的危 害远远大于二氧化碳，因此，这个问题更需要大家给予迫切的关注。由此可猜测，dire 意为 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 “极其严重的，危急的”。故选 A 项。 14．Beef production is growing rapidly because . A．more people are in demand of beef B．developing countries raise more cattle C．more land is available to raise cattle D．the cost of raising cattle is relatively low 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“This is the result of simple supply and demand factors.”以及下文中分析的两个原因可知，牛肉消耗的增加是供求关系的结果。人口的增 加以及发展中国家的收入增加，使得人们可以购买更多肉制品，从而导致牛肉消耗的增加。 故选 A 项。 15．The author writes this article to . A．describe the booming of the beef production B．emphasize the advantages of beef production C．condemn the deforestation of the rain forest D．argue for a decrease in beef consumption 答案 D 解析 写作意图题。作者分析了牛肉生产过程对环境的危害，在最后一段提出了自己的观点， 呼吁人们减少对牛肉的消耗，从而保护环境。故选 D 项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2017·河北唐山一模) Everyone makes mistakes. 16 Making a mistake at work，however，can be more serious.It may cause problems for your employer and even affect the company’s bottom line.Evil consequences will finally come down to you.Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.When you make a mistake at work your career may depend on what you do next. Admit your mistake. Tell your boss about your mistake immediately.The only exception is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone.Otherwise，don’t try to hide your mistake. 17 Present your boss with a plan to fix your mistake. When you go to your boss’s office to admit your mistake，you must have a plan for correcting it.Present your plan clearly.Tell your boss how long it will take to carry out your plan and if there are any costs involved. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 Don’t blame anyone else for your mistake. 18 Encourage those who may share responsibility to follow your lead in admitting to your boss. 19 There’s a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.Take responsibility but don’t blame yourself for making it，especially in public. Correct your mistake on your own time. If you have to spend extra hours at work to correct your mistake，don’t expect to be paid for that time. 20 A．Apologize for your mistake but don’t beat yourself up. B．Usually you can correct your error or just forget about it and move on. C．You can use your lunch hour or come into work early. D．Pointing fingers(指责) won’t help you if you make a mistake. E．Strengthen your friendship with your boss. F．You’ll feel ashamed if your colleague takes the responsibility for you. G．You will look terrible if someone else discovers it. 语篇解读 文章告诉我们如何对待自己在工作中所犯的错误以及补救的方法。 16．答案 B 解析 根据设空后一句中的 however 可知，工作中犯错就很严重了，故设空处应是表明对待 错误的态度。故 B 项“通常情况下你可能会改正你的错误或者忘记犯过的错误并继续前行” 符合语境。 17．答案 G 解析 根据本段主题句 Admit your mistake.及本段内容可知，犯了错就应该立刻向你的老 板承认错误，除非你犯的错无关紧要，不影响别人，否则不要试图掩饰你的错误，故 G 项“要 是被别人发现你的错误你就会很惨”符合语境。 18．答案 D 解析 本段主题句为 Don’t blame anyone else for your mistake.设空后是采取的措施， 即鼓励那些可能一起承担责任的人服从你的领导，因此，设空处是说如果你犯了错，指责别 人没有任何帮助。故选 D 项。 19．答案 A 解析 细读本段可知，承认错误与苛责自己是有区别的，承担责任，但不要苛责自己，尤其 在公共场合，故 A 项“为错误道歉但不要苛责自己”符合主题。 20．答案 C 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 解析 根据本段主题句 Correct your mistake on your own time.及本段内容可知，如果你 不得不加班来弥补你的错误，不要指望拿加班费，因此 C 项“你可以利用午餐时间或者提早 上班”符合语境。