山东省济南市2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含解析 28页

- 1 - 山东省济南市 2021 届高三上学期期中考试 英语试题 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有 关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How was the weather last Saturday? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m going swimming in the lake on Sunday. Do you want to come? W: Isn’t it going to be cloudy? M: That doesn’t matter because it will be 25 degrees. W: OK. I went swimming last Saturday when it was raining. It was funnier than swimming on a sunny day! 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will the man probably do next? A Return to the party. B. Go home. C. Attend a meeting. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Emma! What are you doing outside? Aren’t you enjoying the party? W: Parties aren’t really my thing. I’ll head home soon. M: I will go back too. I’ve got a meeting tomorrow morning. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man doing? A. Sending a text. B. Moving the furniture. C. Painting the walls. - 2 - 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Hello, Maria. W: Hi, Mike. Are you having your breakfast? M: No. I’m helping my dad move the furniture in my bedroom. Then we’re going to paint the walls. W: OK. I’ll send you a text later. Have fun painting. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where will the speakers meet this evening? A. Outside a bookstore. B. In a cafe. C. In a concert hall. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you want to go to the concert this evening? W: Yeah. We could go and eat something first. M: All right. Why don’t I wait for you outside the bookstore at about six? W: OK. I’ll meet you there when I finish work. Then we can look for a café before the concert. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A film. B. A song. C. An actor. 【答案】A 【解析】 【 原 文 】 W: That’s the first film I’ve seen with an interval. It was hard to work out what was happening and the break even made me forget the actors’ names. M: Indeed. They kept playing the same song, but it added to the atmosphere. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将 有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。 每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 - 3 - 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. At home. C. In a restaurant. 7. What did the man do today? A. He went to the dentist's. B. He had his eyes examined. C. He made medical appointments. 【答案】6. B 7. A 【解析】 【原文】W: How did your appointment go? M: Yeah, fine. They didn’t need to do anything. W: Great! So your eyes are all OK then? M: The sight test is next week, actually, Mum. I was having my teeth checked today. W: Oh, yes. Your dad made the appointments this time, so I couldn’t remember who you were seeing first. He should be back from the doctor’s any minute. M: So are you making the dinner tonight? W: I am, and it’s your favorite—noodles. M: Great! 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What did the woman think of the program last night? A. Boring. B. So-so. C. Satisfying. 9. What does the man like doing? A. Watching TV. B. Playing sports. C. Going to the movies. 【答案】8. C 9. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Ben. Did you see the program last night about the Olympic Games? It was brilliant. I learnt so much! M: Did you? I thought it was quite boring. In fact, I’m not really interested in sports programs. W: But you love sports. You play football and tennis and basketball and … M: Yes, I enjoy playing sports, but I hate watching them on TV. - 4 - W: Oh, so what kind of TV programs do you like? M: To be honest, I don’t watch much TV. I prefer watching movies on my notebook computer. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What is the man dissatisfied with about the airport? A. The service. B. The parking lot. C. The location. 11. How does the man usually go to the airport? A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus. 12. What does the man say about the check-in? A. It is fast. B. It is slow. C. It is uncomfortable. 【答案】10. C 11. C 12. A 【解析】 【原文】W: What do you think of the airport? M: Well, it’s far from downtown and when the traffic is bad, it can take an hour and a half to get there. The city really needs to build a new airport that is closer to the city. W: Do you usually drive to the airport? M: No. I usually take the airport bus. It’s clean and comfortable, and it’s a lot cheaper than driving because you don’t have to pay for parking. But my wife prefers taking the subway. W: Is there much to do there while you wait for your flight? M: Sure. There are a couple of stores that sell souvenirs and magazines. There are also a couple of fast-food places and the service there is nice. W: How long does it take to check in? M: It doesn’t take long. They’re pretty efficient. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What is the woman's problem? A. She can't connect her computer to the system. B. She can't remember her computer password. C. She can't use the system properly. 14. What has the woman done? - 5 - A. She has talked with IT about her problem. B. She has sent her computer to the factory. C. She has made a phone call to IT. 15. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Wait patiently. B. Break the meeting. C. Make long phone calls. 16. What can we learn about the woman? A. She knew about the meeting from Tom. B. She has waited for IT for three hours. C. She is unwilling to trouble others. 【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hey Jack, can I ask you something? M: Sure, what’s up? W: Is something wrong with the system? I’ve been trying to get in for the past 10 minutes but it’s been kicking me out. M: It’s all fine for me. What do you mean, “kicking you out”? W: I’m putting in my password and it tells me the system’s offline. I’ve tried every single combination I can think of but nothing works. M: That’s strange. My computer’s been fine. Have you tried calling IT? W: I did, but no one picked up the phone. M: Oh, right, they’ve got a meeting right now—but you can interrupt them if it’s an emergency. W: I know. I just didn’t want to disturb others if it’s something simple. Besides, I’ve got a couple of phone calls to make today so I can make them now while I wait. M: They’d better be long phone calls, then. From what Tom told me, their meeting’s going to last three hours. W: Three hours! What sort of meeting is this? M: It’s that planning meeting about the factory they mentioned, isn’t it? Yeah, you’d better go and interrupt them. They’re going to be in there all day. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 - 6 - 17. What is the speaker mainly discussing? A. The benefits of selling online. B. The potential risks of selling online. C. The dos and don't about selling online. 18. What is the disadvantage of the big platforms? A. They don't offer insurance to the seller. B. They charge a fee for advertising. C. They can't be accessed easily. 19. What should be avoided? A. Selling things of great value online. B. Meeting the buyer at a private place. C. Using a separate e-mail for selling online. 20. How will the seller be banned from the website? A. By providing false descriptions of products. B. By selling products at a high price. C. By offering personal information. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】Selling your things online helps you get rid of those you don’t need, and it can also be a great source of income. One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise. Most big platforms in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance, both to the seller and the buyer. The disadvantage, however, is that you will need to pay some money for using the platform. You can use some platforms that either charge a smaller fee for advertising or even no fee at all — but, in that case, what you will need to keep in mind is your safety, especially if the value of the product you’re selling is high. It’s always best to meet the buyer during the day at a public place such as a coffee shop, a library, or a supermarket parking lot — anywhere monitored by security cameras is good. - 7 - A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the things you are selling. The last thing you want is to be accused of cheating and banned from the website. Moreover, be careful with your personal information: do not give out your full name and don’t give out your home address or cell phone number unless you have to, and have a separate e-mail address for selling online. Remember that a smart, prepared seller is a happy seller. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Growing Green Thumbs Children's Community Garden 2200 Bowling Green Ave.,940/349-2883 www.cmga.com LEARN:Join the weekend work at the community garden,where caregivers and master gardeners help kids aged 5 or older plant and water new vegetables,and harvest from the gardens. All harvested foods are either sold at the community's farmers' market or donated to the area food bank. The instructors also lead games about nutrition,beetles and butterflies and more. Work begins in May, 10 a. m. - 5 p.m. on Saturdays. COST:Free Coppell Community Garden 255 Parkway Blvd,Coppell www.coppellcommunitygarden.org LEARN: Kids(aged 6 but not turning 12 before Dec. 31 this year) with a parent can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden, 25 Parkway Blvd. or Ground Delivery Garden, 45 S. Denton Tap Road. Children will have the opportunity to till(耕）the ground, plant vegetables, ·harvest from the garden and more. Work begins every Saturday at about 9 a. m. COST:Free Callie's Kids by Calloway Nursery Denton,940/591-8865; Flower Mound,972/691-2650 - 8 - www.mytexasgarden.com.......... LEARN: Kids aged 5 to 10 years old can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with a caregiver's supervision at 9:30 a. m. on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August. A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45-minute session beginning on June 2. Preregistration online is required. COST:Free 21. How is Children's Community Garden different from others? A. It is based in Denton. B Kids may take harvests home. C. It is under supervision throughout the year. D. It will cater to those who are fond of insects. 22. What is the age range required by Coppell Community Garden? A. 5-8. B. 5-10. C. 6-11. D. 6-12. 23. Where is this text most likely from? A. A food industry committed to charity.' B. An institution offering learning programs. C. A supermarket offering voluntary programs. D. A website promoting kids' gardening facilities. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 【解析】 本文是应用文。介绍了三个适合孩子们的园艺课程。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Children's Community Garden 中的“The instructors also lead games about nutrition, beetles and butterflies and more.(教师还组织有关营养、甲虫和蝴蝶等的游戏) ”可知， 这个活动适合喜欢昆虫的那些孩子，不同于其他课程。故选 D。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Coppell Community Garden 中的“Kids(aged 6 but not turning 12 before Dec.31 this year) with a parent can volunteer(孩子（6 岁——但在今年 12 月 31 日前不满 12 岁） 可以有父母陪同来做志愿者)” 可知，这门课程要求孩子的年龄是六到十一岁。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 - 9 - 推断判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了给不同年龄层次的孩子提供的园艺课程。因此推断 文章来自提供学习计划的机构。故选 B。 B At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the Y. M. C. A. offering exactly the opportunity. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of cach drowning in the river. But the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe. I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me. The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked?" With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly. When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital. I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return. This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" I had conquered my fear of water. 24. The author's original fear of water was caused by__________. A. his poor skill in swimming B. his mother's warning of drowning C. an outing to the beach with his father D. an unpleasant memory of the pool 25. Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water? - 10 - A. He knew how to swim in the pool. B. He felt that the Y. M. C. A. pool was safe. C. He was waiting for others to save him. D. He came up with an idea to go upwards. 26. By "but I was not" in paragraph 5, the author probably means" A. he was still a poor swimmer B. he had not overcome the fear yet C. he was not afraid of drowning any more D. he was not satisfied with the swimming training 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Goodbye, Mr. Terror B. Hello, Childhood Fear C. A Swimming Adventure D. My Passion for Swimming 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者小时候和父亲去海滩的遭遇使作者开始害怕水，直到自己 游过温特沃思湖时，才克服对水的恐惧的经历。 【24 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.” 我从小就害怕水。从我三岁开始，父亲带我去海滩。 巨浪把我击倒，席卷了我。由此可知， 我是小时候和父亲一起去海滩的遭遇使我开始害怕水，故选 C。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards.” 但我并没有被吓得 惊慌失措——当我的脚碰到地的时候，我会做一个大的跳跃，跳出水面。好像有很长一段路 要走。当我着陆时，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一个我认为是一个巨大的向上的跳跃。可 - 11 - 以推断出作者认为自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他没有害怕，故选 D。 【26 题详解】 句意猜测题。根据上文“Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished,” 最后，我决定找个教练员。 他一个接一个地造 就了游泳运动员。 几个月后，教练指导完成了， but I was not 表示转折，再根据下文， “Sometimes the terror would return. ”有时恐怖还会重来，由此推断 but I was not 意为我还没有克 服恐惧。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" I had conquered my fear of water.” 当我在湖中央时，我把脸放在下面，只看到无底 的水。 我笑着说：“好吧，恐怖先生，你认为你能对我做什么？” 我克服了对水的恐惧。再结 合文章，可知作者主要对自己从小害怕水又到克服水的经历的描述。主题应该是克服对水的 恐惧。A 选项符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选 A。 【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明 文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关； 其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围 不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题 4 中 A 选项概括文中主旨大 意，与主题密切相关，故选 A。 C The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When 1 stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during“club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually - 12 - taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a, journalist by profession. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become & reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 28. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author. B. The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs. C. Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author. D. The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about. 29. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B. Being exposed to Greek literary works. C. Her mother's miserable death. D. Following the prettiest girl in his class. 30. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that A. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students. B. Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation. C. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style. D. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. How the author became a journalist. B. The importance of inspiration in one's life. - 13 - C. The teacher who shaped the author's life. D. Factors contributing to a successful career. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 【解析】 本文作者主要介绍了自己的老师 Marjorie Hurd 小姐，其中重点讲述了 Hurd 老师对他的人生道 路产生的重要影响。Hurd 老师让作者了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得作者对饱受战争蹂 躏的祖国，有了新的认识，并为它感到自豪；并让作者学会了英语的逻辑与结构。多亏了 Hurd 老师的鼓励，在未来的二十五年里，作者成为了一名专业的记者。 【28 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文的介绍 Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.”(在我到达后不久，我被告知选择一个爱好在“俱乐部时间”。 )，在结合第二段 中"…but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class．"使用了转折连词 but，意为：但是我决 定跟着我班里最漂亮的女孩，可以推测出划线的句子表示的意思应与之相反，即虽然我对于 爱好和俱乐部毫无概念。故选 D 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中"Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland，making me proud of my origins．(她对希腊文学的介绍给 了我一个关于我饱受战争蹂躏的祖国的新视角，使我为我的起源感到骄傲。)"可知，Hurd 老 师让我了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国，有了新的不同的认识， 为它感到自豪。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的 Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.(即使在她退休后，她仍然继续从事一个不情愿上学的学生项目，她在这些 学生身上发现潜在的火花。学生们主要来自最麻烦的家庭，但她用她自己坚韧的爱敦促他们， 直到点燃这些火花。)可知，在 Hurd 老师退休之后，她继续从事了一项工作：即用她独特地严 厉的爱应对帮助不愿意学习的学生发现他们潜在的闪光点。故选 A。 【31 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章第一句 The person who set the course of my life was a school - 14 - teacher named Marjorie Hurd.可知，本文主要讲述了我的老师 Marjorie Hurd 对我的人生道路产 生的重要影响。C 项中的“shaped the author's life”与“ set the course of my life”意思相近。 故选 C。 D Shinrin-yoku means “forest bathing”. Forest bathing doesn’t mean you take bath in the forest; rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where you slacken by using all your senses to experience nature. Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his book Shinrin-yoku: The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing, Miyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing. Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99.99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in cities, and by 2019, this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse; officials predict that by 2050, 66% will live in cities. This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because “genes cannot change over just a few hundred years”. The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a convincing case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in today’s world. Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of “parks” out of empty spaces. There’re also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you don’t have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there’re plants. Better yet, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazaki’s research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. What’s more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease. 32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph mean? A. Behave. B. Entertain. C. Predict. D. Relax. - 15 - 33. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph? A. By giving examples. B. By listing figures. C. By making remarks. D. By presenting research findings. 34. Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki? A. Human genes can change easily. B. Nature is part of the modern society. C. Human bodies are accustomed to nature. D. People can always calm down in nature. 35. Which of the following will Miyazaki agree on forest bathing? A. It is easy to operate. B. It is meant for gardeners. C. It is unaffordable in the city. D. It is inconvenient to practice. 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本一位科学家提出一种名为 Shinrin- yoku 的“森林浴”活动，因 为增加与自然的接触对人的身心健康是有利的。 【32 题详解】 词句猜测题。 分析“you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where you slacken by using all your senses to experience nature ”，可知，where 引导定语从句，先行词为 woods or parks， slacken 为从句中谓语动词，此定语从句的意思是：在森林或者公园，通过用你的一切 感官感受自然，可以 slacken，再根据最后一句话“What’s more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease. ”，可知接触自然可以放松。再结合选项可 知，slacken 的意思是“放松”，故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。第三段中为了说明城市人口占比的变化情况，列举了 1800 年、2019 年及预测的 2050 年的百分比数值，使用的是列数字的说明方法。故选 B 项。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because “genes cannot change over just a few hundred years”.可知，虽然我们生活在城市，但是身体还是习惯自然环境，而且基因中对 于自然的适应性几百年里是不会变化的。而森林浴这种形式对身心健康有益，正是因为人类 的身体还适应于生活在自然环境中。C 选项 “人体适应于自然中”符合文意。故选 C 项。 - 16 - 【35 题详解】 推理判断题。从最后一段可知，森林浴这一形式并不难做到，只要在房间里增加些植物就能 奏效，甚至当人们看到花朵时压力都会下降。A 选项“这操作起来很容易”符合文意。故选 A 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 You probably know that exercise is good for you. Studies show that it can prevent many major health conditions,including cognitive decline,diabetes, certain cancers and more. ___36___ ＂Our lives are completely full. We may have children,aging parents, jobs, partners,and community,"says Barbara Hannah Grufferman, author of The Best of Everything After 50. If you don't have a regular exercise plan,don't worry! There are simple things you can do to get more exercise, no gym membership or hours of commitment required. Walk-and make it count Even if you're not in shape, you can likely walk. And that's good news, because many studies illustrate that it's one of the best things we can do for our bodies. Grufferman suggests getting a pedometer(计步器），whether it's a simple mechanical one, or a FitBit or Jawbone.___37___And then,start walking faster and longer-most experts recommend walking 10,000 steps a day. Reduce sitting You've probably heard,"sitting is the new smoking."Well,this means that loads of research has shown that sitting for extended periods of time can have serious health consequences that range from obesity to diabetes and more. ___38___ It's also essential to take breaks from your sit-down desk. Run if you can It might seem out of reach, but if you can add some light running into your daily walk, you'll be better for it. Running can make you happier, strengthen your joints, improve heart health,and improve your memory! ___39___ Then,go for longer distances gradually. Make it a habit To truly make exercise-even the basics-a part of your life you'll need to make it a habit. ＂The good news is that it's never too late to start," says Grufferman. ___40___ - 17 - A. Track your steps because it's very motivating. B. But finding time to get more exercise can be challenging. C. Make sure you are more active and have a more enjoyable life. D. Experts suggest using a standing desk at least some of the time. E. Like brushing your teeth, you have to build exercise into your life. F. Some experts suggest altermating jogging and walking to get started. G. Get the recommended amount of exercise for your age to get the most benefit. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. F 40. E 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。文章为读者推荐了在繁忙的日常生活中人们仍然可以采取的运动方式，以 及对于运动过程的建议。 【详解】1.根据下文 Barbara 的陈述可知，每个人的生活都非常繁忙，可能会有孩子，正在变 老的父母，工作，伴侣等等需要处理的事情。可见能够抽出时间运动对于人们来说是一项巨 大的挑战。又结合上文运动的好处，可知此处为一句表转折的句子。B 项意为“但是找到时间 更多地锻炼可能很有挑战性”。故选 B。 2.此段内容为对于走路以及使用计步器的建议。从或简单或高级的计步器开始记录下行走的每 一步，都会使人得到很大的激励。这样才能越走越远。对应 A 选项中的 Track your steps。A 项 意为“追踪你的步数，因为这很有动力”。选项 A 切题，故选 A。 3.此段讲的是久坐的危害。故选项中仅有 D 选项提及站立或久坐的问题，能够与上下文相连。 D 项意为“专家建议使用至少一段时间的站立式办公桌”。故选 D。 4.本段讲述了对于跑步的建议及好处。根据后文“then, go for longer distances gradually.”（然后， 慢慢地走更远的距离）可知前面应该为提出慢慢循序渐进的建议。F 选项与文意相符。F 项意 为“一些专家建议慢跑和走路开始轮番交替”，即为可自主选择从慢跑或是走路开始，慢慢一点 点加速。故选 F。 5.本题要抓好本段的主题词 make it a habit. habit 非常重要，因为 E 选项的 brushing your teeth, build...into 都是论证 habit 的，E 项意为“就像刷牙一样，你不得不把锻炼融入生活”切题。故选 E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） - 18 - 第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to _____41_____ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the _____42_____ of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a _____43_____ death rate. Climate change also increases the _____44_____ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to _____45_____ , and in some cases, the forests are _____46_____ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also _____47_____ to attacks by bacteria(细 菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as _____48_____ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have _____49_____ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the ______50______ trees that were cut down. As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, ______51______ the variety of those systems. ______52______ , some endangered species are unable to ______53______ and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller ______54______ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations ______55______ out on the wonders of forests? 41. A. protect B. prevent C. save D. free 42. A. movement B. situation C. process D. operation 43. A. higher B. firmer C. lighter D. smaller 44. A. choice B. measure C. qualification D. chance 45. A. grow B. rescue C. recover D. decline 46. A. ignored B. lost C. hurt D. left 47. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. acceptable D. favorable 48. A. attention B. command C. trust D. support 49. A. frightened B. paid C. ruined D. wasted 50. A. common B. original C. distant D. strong - 19 - 51. A. affecting B. improving C. forgetting D. reflecting 52. A. Besides B. Surprisingly C. Otherwise D. Unfortunately 53. A. devote B. keep C. adapt D. lead 54. A. due to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in spite of 55. A. pass B. miss C. break D. bring 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，这对我们世界的森林产生 了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也 增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生 改变，甚至死亡。 【41 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过 来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. protect 保护；B. prevent 阻止；C. save 拯救；D. free 释放。根 据后文 the loss of water 可知树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选 B。 【42 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过 来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. movement 活动；B. situation 情况；C. process 进程；D. operation 操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进 程（process）。故选 C。 【43 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。A. higher 更高 的；B. firmer 更坚固的；C. lighter 更明亮的；D. smaller 更小的。根据上文 these trees are shorter and grow slowly 可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选 A。 【44 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。A. choice 选择；B. measure 测量；C. qualification 资格；D. chance 可能性，机会。根据后文 After wildfires 可知全球气温 升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选 D。 - 20 - 【45 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森 林会永久无法恢复。A. grow 生长；B. rescue 营救；C. recover 恢复；D. decline 下降。结合上 文 After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 可知野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需 要时间才能恢复。故选 C。 【46 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下， 森林会永久无法恢复。A. ignored 被忽视的；B. lost 无法恢复的；C. hurt 受伤的；D. left 左边 的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不 能恢复了。故选 B。 【47 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。A. accessible 易接近的； B. enjoyable 快乐的；C. acceptable 可接受的；D. favorable 赞成的。根据后文 to attacks by bacteria 可知树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语 be accessible to“容易进入的，容易接近的”。故选 A。 【48 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会窒息树木，并剥 夺树木的营养。A. attention 注意力；B. command 命令；C. trust 信任；D. support 支撑，支持。 结合上文 vines that use the trees as 可知藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选 D。 【49 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。A. frightened 使害怕；B. paid 支付；C. ruined 毁灭；D. wasted 浪费。结合后文 the forest landscape through logging 可知 人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选 C。 【50 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍 伐的树那么大。A. common 普通的；B. original 原来的；C. distant 遥远的；D. strong 强壮的。 结合后文 trees that were cut down 可知此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来被砍 伐的树那么大了。故选 B。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变， 影响了这些系统的多样性。A. affecting 影响；B. improving 改善；C. forgetting 忘记；D. reflecting - 21 - 放射。承接上文 As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change 可知森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选 A。 【52 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. Besides 而且；B. Surprisingly 惊人地；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Unfortunately 不幸地。根据后文 some endangered species are unable to 可知某些物种很不幸地是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。故选 D。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. devote 贡献；B. keep 保持；C. adapt 适应；D. lead 带领。根据上文 species that once called them “home” are forced to change 可知物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选 C。 【54 题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变 得更弱更小。A. due to 因为；B. in addition to 另外；C. instead of 而不是；D. in spite of 尽管。 根据后文 poor vegetation 可知此处指年轻森林由于（due to）植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故 选 A。 【55 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？A. pass 通 过；B. miss 错过；C. break 打破；D. bring 带来。结合后文 out on the wonders of forests 可知此 处指错过森林的奇迹。短语 miss out“错过”。故选 B。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered ____56____ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper? People in China have used an ancient counting tool ____57____ (perform) mathematical operations. The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ____58____ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom ____59____ (date) back to the 12th century. Abacus has had a far-reaching influence on science and technology, language, literature, art, architecture and many ____60____ fields of China and even some areas of the world. Meanwhile, abacus has affected people’s character, such as honesty and diligence. For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) ___61___ (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design - 22 - and purpose ____62____ (actual) unchanged. The calculations can be made on it immediately, with the device storing the results in “visual storage” much like a computer display. When working with an amount of ____63____ (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a ____64____ (good) “keyboard” than the Western calculators. Anyway, the small abacus has made an outstanding contribution in the fields of human intellectual development, just as the computer does in today’s ____65____ (social). 【答案】56. what 57. to perform 58. as 59. dating 60. other 61. has been passed 62. actually 63. numbers 64. better 65. society 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的算盘。算盘是 12 世纪刘洪发明的，对中国乃至世界 的很多方面都产生了深远的影响。 【56 题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你 会做什么来解决数学问题？ 1 you would do to solve math problems 为宾语 从句，从句中 do 后缺少宾语，表示“什么 ”，故填 what。 【57 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人使用古老的计数工具进行数学运算。短语 use sth. to do sth.“使 用……做……”，故填 to perform。 【58 题详解】 考查介词。句意：中国计算器的名字叫“算盘”，但在英语中它被称为“abacus”。短语 be known as“被称为；被认为是”，故填 as。 【59 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：算盘能追溯到 12 世纪，是刘洪发明的，算盘是中国人智慧的象征之 一。分析句子可知，空格前句子完整，date 用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语 abacus 构成主 动关系，应用现在分词，故填 dating。 - 23 - 【60 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：算盘对中国乃至世界一些地区的科技、语言、文学、艺术、建筑和许多 其他的领域产生了深远的影响。此空在名词 fields 前，需要形容词，根据句意，空格前列举了 很多领域，空格处应该指其他的领域，other 表示“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的（人或物）”。 故填 other。 【61 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，这种简单的计数装置在不同的朝代流传下来，它最初 的设计和用途实际上没有改变。此空应是谓语动词，根据上文 For centuries，可知应用现在完 成时，且主语 this simple counting device 与谓语动词 pass 构成被动关系，用被动语态，故填 has been passed。 【62 题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。此空修饰形容词 unchanged，需要副词修饰，故填 actually。 【63 题详解】 考查名词。句意：当处理大量的数字时，算盘实际上更快，因为它有比西方计算器更好的“键 盘”。an amount of “许多；大量”，后接可数名词时，应该用复数，number 为可数名词， 故填 numbers。 【64 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文 than the Western calculators 可知存在二者之间的比 较关系，应用形容词比较级 better，故填 better。 【65 题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论如何，小算盘在人类智力发展领域做出了杰出的贡献，就像当今社会 的计算机一样。空格前是 today's 名词所有格，“当今的”，后接名词作介词 in 的宾语，故填 society。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 66. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Penny 为了完成一篇题为 The meanings of colors in different cultures 的论文，写信询问你中国文化中颜色代表的含义。请你写信回复她的问题，并提供具 体的例子。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右； - 24 - 2.开头和结尾已写好，不计人总数； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Penny, How is everything going these days? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ __________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Penny, How is everything going these days? In response to your questions, I am more than delighted to introduce two of the most symbolic colors in China. Without doubt, the first one is red, a symbol of joy and celebration. Therefore, it is traditional for Chinese brides to wear a red wedding dress. In addition, white is conventionally associated with sadness, usually seen at the funerals. However, as time changes, white can also signify purity. That's why many brides wear white in their wedding ceremonies, as is often the case in your country. Hopefully my introduction to colors in China is of great value for your essay. Wish you all the best. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给向你询问中国文化中颜色代表含义的英国笔 友 Penny，回复她的问题，并提供具体的例子。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 - 25 - 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 中国文化中红白两种颜色的含义； 2. 红白两种颜色的例子； 3. 祝 Penny 一切都好。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） in response to sth.；be delighted to do sth.；a symbol of sth.；be associated with sth.；wedding ceremony 第三步：连词成句 1. In response to your questions, I am more than delighted to introduce two of the most symbolic colors in China. 2. the first one is red, a symbol of joy and celebration. 3. white is conventionally associated with sadness, 4. That's why many brides wear white in their wedding ceremonies, (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。） 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say 6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…，or 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改 - 26 - 【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意 思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如 That's why many brides wear white in their wedding ceremonies, as is often the case in your country.这句话中用了 as 引导的非限制性 定语从句和 why 引导的表语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如 in response to sth.，be delighted to do sth.，be associated with sth.等，为文章增色不少；并注意了句子的衔接，如 Therefore，In addition， However。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清 晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节（满分 25 分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The darkness was gathering as she wobbled(颤颤巍巍）in high heels along the side of the highway. The car had come to an unexpected stop,and like a teenager she did the only thing she could think of...get out and walk. It was cold and late,and home was far away. This could be a long night. If.only someone would stop and offer her a ride. She prayed for help and dragged herself forward. The lights of a truck shone from behind as it approached. “Maybe he will stop," she hoped. The brake lights flashed on as it stopped. Next instant, the cab door opened. A wordless invitation was extended and she understood. Without hesitation the girl climbed up into the cab and closed the door. Slowly the truck pulled back onto the road and disappeared into the night, never to be seen again. I woke up in a cold sweat, alarmed. Was that a dream or was it a vision? It was unbelievably real, and the girl was my daughter! I jumped from my bed and ran to her room. Her bed was empty. I stood in horror trying to think why she had not come home. As the mental fog began to lift,I remembered she was visiting her friend that evening. Perhaps she stayed there for the night. It was 1:30 a.m.,but I raced to the phone and dialed a number. “Hello?”The voice was heavy with sleep. “Hey. Sorry to wake you. Becki didn't come home tonight and I was wondering if she stayed at your place?" “No,she left here a few hours ago. She should have been home at least by midnight!” The voice on the other end began to reflect my own panic. Over the next forty-five minutes I alternated between lying in pray and pacing the floor in anxiety. - 27 - At 2:15 a.m. lights appeared as a car turned up on our long driveway. I could tell immediately that it was not my daughter's car. 注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My face pressed against the window and I found it hard to breathe. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________ “Mom,she gave me a ride home."Becki said. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________ 【答案】My face pressed against the window and I found it hard to breathe. The car pulled in front of the house, and out of it emerged my precious daughter, making her way up the steps. Tears stinging(使刺痛）my eyes,I threw open the door,pulled her inside and hugged her tightly. The dream was just too real and I could hardly believe I was now having my daughter in my hug. I wondered if it was because my pray was answered. Then through my blurred vision(模糊的视野）I saw a lady stepping out of the car. “Mom, she gave me a ride home."Becki said. “My car broke down on the highway and without her help, I would never have made it home in my high heels. " she continued, exposing her blistered(起泡的）ankles. My heart shuddered(一想起就怕/担心/难受） at the thought of how painfully Becki staggered(踉跄） along the dark highway. She must be an angel for Becki! I approached the lady and invited her inside. Now,I was definitely grateful to her for extending a helping hand. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读后续写。 【详解】读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉 络。续篇这篇短文时，考生要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感 - 28 - 的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行 合理预测，并用语言表达出来。 文章讲述了作者梦到自己的女儿在高速路上打车的场景。醒来后发现女儿真的不在家，而且 作者从女儿的朋友处确认她已经离开，本该最迟在午夜回到家。作者很担心，在家里焦急地 踱步。后来发现有车停靠近家的方向，但不是女儿的车。 根据所给第一段的开头“My face pressed against the window and I found it hard.to breathe.”我把 脸凑在窗户边去看，感觉很难呼吸，可知，后面可以接着写：车最终在作者家门口停下来， 作者的女儿从车里出来，毫发无损。作者松了口气，并告诉了女儿她的噩梦。在与女儿谈话 时，作者注意到了车里的女人。 根据所给第二段的开头“ 'Mom, she gave me a ride home.' Becki said.” Becki 说“妈妈，她是开车 送我回家的人。”可知，后面可以接着写：作者女儿给她解释坐别人车回来的原因，以及事情 的经过。作者看到女儿受伤的脚踝很心痛，同时邀请女士进屋，对她帮助女儿的行为表示感 谢。 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些复杂句式和高级语法，例如：The car pulled in front of the house, and out of it emerged my precious daughter, making her way up the steps. 中 out of it 表示 地点的介词短语放在句子开头，后面句子用了全倒装；用 making 现在分词作状语。I wondered if it was because my pray was answered.中 if 引导宾语从句，because 引导表语从句；My car broke down on the highway and without her help, I would never have made it home in my high heels.中用 了虚拟语气。