河南卫辉市 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月学生选练（三） 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 河南卫辉市 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月学生选练（三） 阅读理解。 The Basics of Math—Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指 数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learnerfriendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various makeup classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. 1．What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A．Algebra. B．College Mathematics. C．Arithmetic. D．Mathematics Education. 2．What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A．Stronger imaginative ability. B．Additional presentation skills. C．More mathematical confidence. D．Greater chances of becoming teachers. 3．What can we learn about Professor H．Siegel? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B．He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C．He works in Georgia State University. D．He specializes in training teachers. 4．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A lesson plan. D．An advertisement. 【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说 明，是一则招生广告。 1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为 C。 2. C 细节理解题。本题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。只有 C 项为本段中讲 述的。其他项均未涉及。 3. B 推理判断题。本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被 Kentucky Educational Television 评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在 Georgia State University 取得博士学位，而他是在 Central Arizona College 教数学。他的课是为 future primary school teachers 做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数 学课程是由 30 个讲座构成，所以选 B。 4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可 知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选 D。 【2014 模拟】阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 It was one of the happiest times of my life. I was 29 and had just received my bachelor’s degree, graduating with honors despite working two jobs and being a wife and mother. My parents and five-year-old son were in the audience when I walked onto the stage at Ashland University to get my diploma. I was so excited and proud to be starting a teaching career and contributing more to my family’s well-being. But when I got home that evening, there was a note from my husband written on the back of an envelope. It basically said he had come to get his clothes and wouldn’t be back. We’d been having trouble, but the finality of that note still came as a shock. He had emptied our bank account. We were horribly in debt. I had quit my previous jobs in expectation of interviewing for a teaching 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 position. Plus, I was eight months pregnant. I had my son, and I was about to bring a new life into the world, so despite my deep sadness, I had to go on. The next morning, I woke up, put my feet on the floor, took a deep breath, fixed breakfast, and basically did everything I always did. I used my routine to keep me moving. After being in the military for six years, I guess you can say I relied on my training, like all good soldiers do in tough situations. One small step after one small step was the way I bounced back. And in the seven years since, I’ve continued moving forward. I got a job as a kindergarten teacher, earned a master’s degree in education, and watched my babies grow to twelve and seven. I certainly would never have chosen to put them through this, but looking back, I’m glad it happened to me when it did. It helped me find my voice and myself a lot sooner. It helped me grow independent, confident, and strong—things I’m hopefully instilling(灌输) now in my children. 36. After getting her bachelor’s degree, the author expected to ________. A. become a teacher B. be a wife and mother C. work two jobs D. get divorced 37. What do we know about the author from Paragraph 2? A. Her husband wrote a note to congratulate her on her graduation. B. She had just been to a job interview when her husband left her. C. Her husband paid off all the debts from the bank. D. She was going to have another baby soon. 38. The author’s hardships in life made her ________. A. become confident and independent B. work harder in the kindergarten C. use her routine to move forward D. feel pleased with what happened to her 39. It can be inferred from the passage that __________. A. The author’s parents helped her a lot B. The author received further education later C. The author earned a master’s degree when she was 29 D. The author didn’t know how to deal with marriage 40. What helped the author to pull through her hard time? A. The divorce with her husband. B. Her fellow soldiers in the army. C. Her decision to find a new job. D. A strong mind and love for her kids. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 【参考答案】36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. D 阅读理解。 Every year 2.2 million tons of oil are spilled ( 散落，溅出 ) into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year.However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef. Blighe Reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals. The most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. The term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War. As part of the Iraq war plan,900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian Gulf Way Iraq. This oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future. 1. Which cause of oil spills is described in the second paragraph? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 A. Dumping B. War C.Accidents D.Throwing about carelessly 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为细节理解题。从第二段的前半部分可知，由于油轮的船长过度工作并且喝醉， 将船交给了船上的另外一名对船的航线不熟悉的人，从而导致了触礁事件。故选 C。 2. The creatures affected by the oil spill near Alaska were_________. A. birds and otters B. shellfish C. seals and whales D. all of the above 答案解析：答案为 D。本题为细节题。从第二段最后两句话 “Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.”可知，答案为 D。 3. The third mate ran the thanker agound (触礁) in this accident because_______. A. he was tired B. he was drunk C.he was talking on the phone D.he did not know the sea 答案解析：答案为 D。本题为细节理解题。从第二段 “The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef.”可知，导致触礁事件的原因是驾驶油轮的人不知 道航线，与 D 选项意思符合。 4. ________ was responsible for dumping oil into the Persian Gulf. A.The United States B. Kuwait C .Saudi Arabia D. Iraq 答案解析： 答案为 D。本题为细节题。从最后一段第三句话 “In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War.”可知，对波斯湾倾油事件负责的是伊拉克。 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her. His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men. However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism. ( ) 1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 ( ) 2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage? a. He became addicted to drinking. b. He studied at St. Paul Academy. c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise. d. The Great Gatsby won high praise. e. He failed to reorder his life. f. He joined the army and met Zelda. A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d C. f-d-e-c-b-a D. b-f-c-d-e-a ( ) 3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald . A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama. B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken down D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 ( ) 4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about . A. Zelda’s personal life B. Zelda’s illness and treatment C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world 【语篇解读】本片文章为记叙文，主要讲述了英国著名文学家弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的生平、生 活及其重要作品 56.答案 A。 【解析】细节理解题。据题意，由文章中关键词 novel 可知，文章中提及到的弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰 拉德的小说有：This side of paradise，The Beautiful and Damned，The Great Gatsby，Tender Is the Night and The love of the last Tycoon，共计 5 篇。故选 A 项 57.答案 D。 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“……was once a student of St. Paul Academy……In 1917 he joined the army……”可知弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参加的军队。由此可知答 案应为 D 项 58.答案 C。 【解析】推理判断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing”可以判断出 C 项 59.答案 D。 【解析】推理判断题。根据人物传记的特点和本段对菲茨杰拉德生活、作品的描述，说明了菲茨杰拉德的 作品对学界的意义，因此最后总结的一段是关于菲茨杰拉德对文学界的贡献的。故选 D 项 【2014 模拟】阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 The term "smog" was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call " smog" today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧) . Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but ground-level ozone is responsible for 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest. Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind. Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public. Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called "nonattainment (不达标) areas. " New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary "ozone actions" ; limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing " smog fees" on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions(排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older " super-dirty" cars. 72. According to the passage, ground-level ozone can _______ . A. damage the environment B. benefit human health C. protect crops and forest D. limit the spread of smog 73. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Air quality is better in time of calm wind. B. Smog is more severe near pollution sources. C. It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather. D. Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog. 74. Which indication shows more exact the air is poor? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 A. Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities. B. Widespread damage of crops and forest. C. Clear outlines of hills in the distance. D. High concentrations of pollutants in the air. 75. What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments7 A. Unconditional banning of wood burning. B. Encouraging carpooling and public transportation. C. Charging all the vehicles more "smog fees". D. Buying new cars to replace super-dirty old cars. 【参考答案】72—75、ADDB