【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习考点讲解学案之：话题二十四　环境保护（B） 8页

话题二十四　环境保护(B)‎ A ‎[2019·郑州一中高三摸底]‎ The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home. To help fight the_problem,_the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.‎ WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cookstoves. WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease. The main victims are women and girls in developing countries, where they usually stay at home and do the household work.‎ Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health. Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油) fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.‎ Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cookstoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.‎ WHO experts note some new, safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction(电磁感应) stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1. But, this, the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：环境保护　主题：室内空气污染 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了室内空气污染的原因、影响及相应的应对措施。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The main victims are women and girls in developing countries, where they usually stay at home and do the household work.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词developing countries。‎ 译文：发展中国家的女性是主要的受害者，因为她们经常待在家里做家务。‎ ‎1．What does “the problem” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．Indoor air pollution. B．Cooking habits.‎ C．Poor cookstoves. D．Use of natural gas.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home”可推知，此处提到要应对的问题是“室内空气污染”，故选A。‎ ‎2．Why are women and girls the main victims of the indoor air pollution?‎ A．They are very weak in the developing countries.‎ B．They are more sensitive to the indoor air pollution.‎ C．They are exposed to the indoor air pollution more. ‎ D．They are lack of doing more exercise outdoors.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“The main victims are women and girls in developing countries，where they usually stay at home and do the household work”可知，发展中国家的女性是室内空气污染的主要受害者，这是因为她们经常待在家里做家务，故选C。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is a good way to avoid indoor air pollution?‎ A．To open a window while cooking.‎ B．To use unprocessed coal indoors.‎ C．To promote the cleaner and more modern cooking appliances.‎ D．To popularize the traditional cookstoves in the home.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase ‎ access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”和最后三段的内容可推知，避免室内空气污染的有效办法就是推广更清洁、更现代化的烹饪器具的使用，故选C。‎ ‎4．What is the best title of the text?‎ A．How to Prevent Pollution B．How to Protect Women and Girls C．Indoor Air Pollution Kills Millions Rach Year D．The Importance of Health in Developing Countries 答案与解析：C　考查标题判断。根据文章第一段第一句，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了室内空气污染的问题，故选C。‎ B ‎[2019·湖南省高三六校联考试题]‎ Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.‎ It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.‎ The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.‎ Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1‎ ‎ million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：环境保护　主题：可以食用的包装材料Ooho ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱，还造成环境污染，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的食用方法，运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。‎ ‎【难句分析】　It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons, music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter”为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“outdoor events”，where在从句中作地点状语。‎ 译文：该产品是针对诸如马拉松、音乐节和体育赛事等大型户外活动而发明的，在这些活动中，会用数吨塑料瓶，且这些塑料瓶经常被当作垃圾扔掉。‎ ‎【背景知识】　Ooho是一种由海藻基膜制成的可生物降解的水包，主要用于马拉松参赛者补充水分。参赛者既可以咬破Ooho的边缘喝水，也可以将之整个吃掉。它同时具备可食用性和生物可降解性，不会对环境造成太大的负担。‎ ‎5．How is most plastic dealt with in America?‎ A．It's sold. B．It's recycled.‎ C．It's buried. D．It's wasted.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“Only 23%of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year”可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终回到回收站，这意味着价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被当成垃圾处理了，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．Why did the team invent Ooho?‎ A．To make a profit for a company.‎ B．To protect the environment.‎ C．To make people eat as they drink.‎ D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention”可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了环境，故Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What can we infer about Ooho from the text?‎ A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.‎ B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.‎ C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.‎ D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据第三段第二句“The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles”可知，该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低。据此可推知，该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低，故C项正确。‎ ‎8．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?‎ A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.‎ B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.‎ C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.‎ D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.‎ 答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.”这一句话可知许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选A。‎ C ‎[2019·济南针对性练习]‎ In 1869, the Smiley family purchased an area of land about 100 miles north of New York City. Over time, some of their property and many of the surrounding landscapes became the Mohonk Preserve, which has since grown to 8,000 acres and attracts visitors and rock climbers.‎ ‎ But the Mohonk Preserve also has a long scientific legacy. In the 1930s, Dan Smiley, a descendent of the original owners, began keeping track of the plants and animals that lived in the area.‎ ‎ Megan Napoli is a research ecologist with the Mohonk ‎ Preserve in New York. She thinks Smiley's efforts produced a rare longterm data set of observations, which is useful for studying the impacts of climate change. For instance, other research has shown that songbirds are migrating north earlier and earlier in the spring.‎ ‎ It's important for the birds to arrive at the proper time in the spring, because they need to time their arrival with the insects' emergence. So they need to be here to establish their nesting sites and lay their eggs. Once the eggs hatch, they have their baby birds, so they need to time it when the insects are most abundant.‎ ‎ Napoli has begun analyzing about 76,000 observations of songbird migration dates collected by Smiley and his team to see if they, too, show that climate change has altered the timing of migrations. Her results suggest that they do.‎ ‎ Napoli found that shortdistance migrants that spend their winters in the southern U．S. now arrive an average of eleven days earlier than they did in the 1930s. Longdistance migrants that overwinter in the tropics arrive roughly a week earlier. Napoli presented her results at a recent meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Portland, Oregon.‎ ‎ Meanwhile, who knows how many other longterm, personal data collections like Smiley's are out there, waiting to be discovered and to help improve official attempts to track the planet's changes.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：自然环境　主题：纽约莫霍克保护区的动植物数据对研究气候变化的积极作用 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。1869年，Smiley一家买下了纽约市以北约100英里处的一块土地，该地区后来发展成为8 000英亩的纽约莫霍克保护区。该地区原来的主人的一个后人Dan Smiley研究该地区的动植物，记录了大量的数据，为科学家研究气候变化提供了宝贵的资料。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Over time, some of their property and many of the surrounding landscapes became the Mohonk Preserve, which has since grown to 8,000 acres and attracts visitors and rock climbers.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“which has since grown to 8,000 acres and attracts visitors and rock climbers”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。‎ 译文：随着时间的推移，他们的一些房产和周围的许多景观都变成了莫霍克保护区，从那以后，这个保护区已经发展到8‎ ‎ 000英亩，并吸引了游客和攀岩爱好者。‎ ‎9．What do we know about Dan Smiley?‎ A．He lived in New York City.‎ B．He was a scientific researcher.‎ C．He owned the Mohonk Preserve.‎ D．He kept a record of wildlife.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“In the 1930s, Dan Smiley, a descendent of the original owners, began keeping track of the plants and animals that lived in the area”可知，20世纪30年代，这个地区原来的主人的一个后人Dan Smiley记录了该地区的动植物信息，故D项正确。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The birds' birth.‎ B．The birds' arrival.‎ C．The nest building.‎ D．The insects' appearance.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查代词指代。根据第四段第一句“It's important for the birds to arrive at the proper time in the spring, because they need to time their arrival with the insects' emergence”可知，对于鸟类来说，在春天适时到达很重要，因为它们需要用昆虫的出现来确定它们到达的时间。又结合本段中的“Once the eggs hatch, they have their baby birds, so they need to time it when the insects are most abundant”可知，一旦这些蛋孵化，它们就有了幼鸟，所以它们需要在昆虫数量最多的时候安排时间到达。据此可知，it指代鸟的到达，故B项正确。‎ ‎11．What does Megan Napoli think of Smiley's longterm record?‎ A．It has affected the birds' migration.‎ B．It challenges the previous research.‎ C．It has changed official attitudes.‎ D．It is of great value to her research.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“She thinks Smiley's efforts produced a rare longterm data set of observations, which is useful for studying the impacts of climate change”可知，Megan ‎ Napoli认为Smiley收集的长期观测数据对研究气候变化的影响非常有用，故D项正确。‎ ‎12．What can we learn from Napoli's research?‎ A．It is totally based on Smiley's longterm notes.‎ B．Scientists have to rely on more personal data.‎ C．Climate change affects birds' migration time.‎ D．It contributes greatly to other personal research.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“Her results suggest that they do”可知，Napoli的研究说明气候的变化影响鸟类的迁徙时间，故C项正确。‎