【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（12）细节理解推理判断词义猜测词义猜测2 18页

细节理解+推理判断+词义猜测+词义猜测2‎ ‎1、I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a bad situation： my credit cards and hank cards weren’t working abroad，and I only had $ 5. I didn’t know anybody in the country. And the only possession I had was a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks. Back then, there were no such things as mobile phones，and some Internet cafes charged much for a very slow connection.‎ I thought to myself that if I went to a countryside, maybe I would find kind people. With my remaining coins, I headed to the bus terminal and arrived at Santa Rosa. It was midnight. There were no streetlights as it was very rural. I went knocking door to door，explaining with my very poor Spanish that I was Japanese, and I was in Costa Rica with no money but I needed to stay here for two more weeks before I could go back. Everybody replied saying，“Oh my gosh，but we are so poor. We have no space and no extra food.”‎ Finally，I arrived at a Chinese restaurant. The owner of the restaurant was incredibly kind. She heard my story and really empathized. She said that her son went to Europe many years ago and had a similar experience. At that time，some other people were very kind to him，and she remembered how warm that made her feel. She invited me in，gave me food, and called the Red Cross to rescue me. I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica with the head of Red Cross.‎ I’ve travelled all over the world and been to over 50 countries. But this was one of the best trips，the best two weeks, I had ever had in my travelling life.‎ I realized that when you re in a position to be able to receive，it actually makes people feel happier. Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well.‎ 1. What difficulty did the writer have while visiting Costa Rica?‎ A. She had no money to buy a return ticket.‎ B. She lost her mobile phone.‎ C. She didn’t know anybody in the country.‎ D. She almost had no money on her.‎ 2. Why was the writer's request refused by some people in Santa Rosa?‎ A. Because they were careful and afraid of strangers.‎ B. Because they were too poor to offer the writer what she needed.‎ C. Because they couldn’t understand what the writer said to them.‎ A. Because they couldn’t stand the long stay of the writer.‎ 1. What made the owner of the Chinese restaurant accept the writer?‎ A. The owner's kindness and sympathy.‎ B. The writer’s moving story.‎ C. The owner's son's experience.‎ D. The close relationship between the writer and the owner's son.‎ 2. What does the writer aim to convey to the readers with her experience?‎ A. She had a great time in Costa Rica.‎ B. Helping others makes people feel happy.‎ C. Receiving kindness makes people feel happy.‎ D. Money is a good servant but a bad master.‎ ‎2、    A few years ago, pop poets such as Murray Lachlan Young began to set poetry to rock music with some surprising results. People thought that poetry was the new rock ‘n’ roll. However, despite the brief popularity of a few pop poets, poetry and pop music didn’t seem to mix. But are they really so different?     If you look back at the origins of poetry, there is a strong connection between poems and popular music. In Greek mythology, for example, the muse (女神) Erato is pictured with a lyre (里拉琴) in her hand, and looks just like the ancestor of the modern rock star with his electric guitar. In addition, the poets Shelley and Byron were as famous in the nineteenth century as the pop stars of today.     But despite their common origins, there are many differences between poetry and pop music. Pop songs are always written for a public performance, whereas poetry often isn’t. And the lyrics in pop songs sometimes have less rhythm than those in poetry. This is because the music provides the rhythm rather than the words. Pop lyrics are also simpler and often keep on saying the same thing. This repetition works well in a performance and means that pop songs are easier for people to sing and learn by heart.     Both songs and poems tell a story or talk about feelings. Songs in particular deal with the different stages in a relationship, such as falling in love or breaking up. The words and ideas in songs are usually easier to understand than those in “serious” poetry. However, talented ‎ performers like Paul McCartney, or newer stars like Robbe Williams, often give simple songs more expression when they perform them. And some of the best lines from pop lyrics are as beautiful as poetry.     So although pop music and poetry have many differences, they do have one important thing in common: the power to make us think about how we feel. 1.What did Murray Lachlan Young do a few years ago? A.He had poems and rock music combined B.He surprised people with his beautiful style of writing C.He wrote beautiful music for some famous poems D.He invented a new kind of poem for his fans 2.According to the article, the difference between poetry and pop songs is that _______ A.there is more rhythm in pop songs than poetry B.pop songs are more difficult to understand than poetry C.some words in pop songs are repeated over and over again D.pop songs are not always performed before audience 3.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Songs and poems are equally beautiful B.The main theme of songs is about relationship C.Songs tell stories but poems tell about feelings D.Songs and poems express a similar message 4.What does the writer say about talented performers today? A.They look at poetry to find ideas for their songs B.They think their songs are more serious than poetry C.They give songs more meaning when they sing them D.They consider themselves to be more popular than poets ‎3、    Health conditions and illnesses, particularly those affecting children, often go untreated across the developing world. The top three killers of children in Africa for instance —malaria(症疾), diarrhoea(腹泻) and pneumonia(肺炎)一are rarely the cause of death for people in developed ‎ countries. Yet too many people in remote areas still lack access to the same life-saving treatments, and others still have to travel long distances to reach the nearest doctor.‎ ‎    Aiming to open discussion around global issues such as these, the annual Skull World Forum (SWF) brings together social entrepreneurs to help shape their work. In the conference, social entrepreneurs working in medical tech and people working directly with local communities discussed some of the ways new technology can be used to improve global health care. Part of the answer lies in using mobile technology in Africa as in the rest of the world.‎ ‎    Community health workers ( CHWs) are often the first point of contact for people seeking health advice in many places around the world. During the session, Caroline Mindy,director of technology and innovation at Living Goods said,“CHWs have to gothrough ministry of health training, the period of which varies from country to country. ” Although CHWs, most of whom are female, cannot replace professional health staff,they play a unique role at community level.‎ ‎    So what is the role of technology in helping to realize the potential of CHWs? Conch, who recently joined Last Mile Health to lead a new training academy,remarked “how the common nature of mobile technology provides a powerful tool for extending health care to undeserved populations at the last mile”. They use the M health platform,hosted on Android smartphones,to record information on patient interactions and supervision visits in real time,and use diagnostic tools in an offline app.‎ ‎    Of course, technology is only as effective as the people who use it, Developers can create an extraordinary platform, but it’s the people who use that platform that matters,” said Sally Osbert, president of the Skull Foundation. "The tool is in service in the fields and its aim is to help human beings." However it is done,and wherever it is done, training is vital to good health care.‎ ‎1.How does the new technology improve health care in Africa? A.It can communicate with the local communities. B.It can provide the new interactive platform for users. C.It can change the traditional standards in technology. D.It can use mobile technology as other countries. 2.What is the main reason for the CHWs to accept health training according to Caroline Mindy? A.They keep in close contact with the patients. B.They are mostly female from the local ‎ community. C.They aren’t good at operating the medical instruments. D.They have no professional knowledge in medical care. 3.What is the effect of the M health platform? A.Expanding health care to all fields. B.Controlling patients' Android smartphones. C.Recording information on patients’ activities. D.Using diagnostic tools to advise the latest news. 4.What can we infer about Sally Owsbert's opinion? A.Technology is beneficial to patients. B.Tools can offer convenience to people. C.Training people plays an major role in using technology. D.Developers should design varieties of platforms for users.‎ ‎4、Dream in Heart ‎    On the first day of school our professor introduced a new classmate—a wrinkled little old lady—to us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.‎ ‎    After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and shared a chocolate milk-shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “ time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.‎ Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever she went. She tended to be highly motivated,responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out or go to bars with. She even participated in some form of athletic activity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experience, creating unique chances for friendship and learning.‎ ‎    At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “ I’ m sorry I’ m so nervous.” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “ We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you’ re ‎ nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year, you will turn twenty. If I’ m eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year, I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. It’ s non-optional but that doesn’ t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance in change. In this way the elderly don’ t have regrets for what they did, but rather for things they did not do.” Rose concluded her speech by courageously singing “ The Rose” . She challenged us to study the words of the song and lived them out in daily lives.‎ ‎    At the year’ s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’ s never too late to be all you can possibly be.‎ ‎1.Why does the author compare Rose to “ time machine” in Paragraph 2? A.To stress her old age and knowledge of life. B.To describe the close friendship between them. C.To show that she always enjoyed her active life. D.To explain why she took on a challenge in college. 2.Rose was invited to speak at the football meal most probably because ______. A.she was a great football fan B.she was the smartest student C.she tried hard to achieve her dream D.she became more educated than the others 3.We can learn that Rose agreed with the idea that ______. A.growing older means growing up B.it takes talent and ability to grow up C.receiving high education helps to be courageous D.one grows older at the same time when he grows up 4.The passage is intended to ______. A.provide an example for the elderly B.discuss how to grow up quickly C.tell the importance of attending college D.inspire the readers to live up to lives ‎5、    Carnival, the most important and popular festival in Brazil,mixes emotions,creativity,colours,sounds and many costumes. The moment comes when all participants are the protagonists(主角) of their own play, costume, plot, and samba.‎ ‎    Carnival,as spelled in Portuguese's a 4-day celebration. It starts on Saturday,and ends on Fat Tuesday. Dates change every year.‎ ‎    Little need be said about Carnival in Rio; the Samba School Parade is world-famous and everyone has seen pictures in magazines and on television.‎ ‎    Every year, Rio hosts the world’s largest festival—Carnival. Many pre-Carnival festivities begin earlier, while the closing event—the Parade of the Champions —is on Saturday.‎ ‎    The official opening is when the Mayor hands over the keys of the City to Carnival King Momo and his Queen. This is the kickoff for festivities that dance through the streets all over town,highlighted by parades, contests and balls.‎ ‎    Downtown, the Sambadrome opens its gates to the Samba School Parades,beginning with Group B Samba Schools on Friday. Saturday is set aside for Group A—the second highest ranking, with the champion and runner-up promoted to the Major League next year. Sunday and Monday are the Major Samba School Parades in the Special Group, while Tuesday sees the Junior Samba Schools. Balls take place every night throughout the week,together with a variety of costume contests.‎ ‎    During this period, hotels in Rio work only with package bookings and pre-payment. One of the most frequent questions we hear is “What is the date of Carnival this year?” Well, believe it or not, it is not an easy question to answer. You have to be part astrologer(占星家), part mathematician,and part priest!‎ ‎1.Carnival will begin officially when __________. A.the Mayor gives the order B.the Carnival King Momo and his Queen appear C.the Mayor comes with the Carnival King and his Queen D.the Carnival King and his Queen takes over the keys of the City 2.What does the underlined word “kickoff” in Paragraph 5‎ ‎ mean? A.End. B.Beginning. C.Accident. D.Lie. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A.The dates of Carnival may vary. B.Carnival is mainly a religious event. C.Carnival may last more than four days. D.Carnival is held all over Brazil. 4.What would be the best title for the passage? A.Visiting the Carnival in Brazil. B.The History of the Carnival in Brazil. C.Tourist Attractions in Brazil. D.The Samba School Parades.‎ ‎6、    The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight.‎ ‎    The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers,maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle.‎ ‎    The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Holivia and in other countries. But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological (考古学的) group.‎ ‎    The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level. With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.‎ ‎1.What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs? A.They were built as a big map. B.They were formed by nature. C.They are ancient lines in caves. D.They are huge markings in a desert. 2.How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four. 3.Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved? A.Because of the wind at ground level. B.Because of the existence of soft soil. C.Because of the climate and geography. D.Because of the thick sand on the top. 4.What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean? A.Non-stop. B.Ever-lasting. C.Real-life. D.High-end.‎ ‎7、    When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry."I used to work in school catering ‎ and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided to do something about it," said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini. ‎ ‎    Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. "These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling bins for animal food," explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan. But now other companies are developing edible plates, too. The Edible-Plate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.‎ ‎    They also have a range of cutlery(餐具) made from corn and potato starch(淀粉). These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions in waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme. Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?‎ ‎1.Which of the following is not the advantage of edible plates? A.They are expensive. B.They can degrade naturally. C.They are environmentally-friendly. D.They are made from natural plant. 2. Which of the following statements is true?  A.Tiziano is from Germany. B.Edible plates are only used for school catering, C.Com and potato starch can be used to make cutlery. D.The Edible Plate Company doesn’t produce edible bowls.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word "this" refer to?‎ A.The air pollution. B.The edible cutlery. C.The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic. D.The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.‎ ‎4.What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A.The measures to stop the pollution. B.The ways to reduce the plastic waste. C.How to make edible plates from natural plants. D.The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.‎ ‎8、     Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ ‎     I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-usedthings,and it worked.Because of our efforts,our daughter Georgia did decide to donate alarge bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put themoney into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)‎ ‎      For weeks,I’ve been thinking of bigger,deeper questions: How do we make it a habit forthem?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with,need,and use less?Yesterday,Isat with my son,Shepherd,determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play withhim with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy wouldkeep his attention for about five minutes,ten minutes,max.I chose a red rubber ball—simple,universally available.We passed it,he tried to put it in his mouth,he tried bouncing it,rollingit,sitting on it,throwing it. It was totally,completely enough for him.Before I knew it anhour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ ‎      We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attentionand Ihad his.My little experimentto find joy in a single object worked for both of us.‎ ‎1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A.The more, the better. B.Enough is enough. C.More money, more worries. D.Earn more and spend more.‎ ‎2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?‎ A.Saving up for her holiday. B.Raising money for a poor girl. C.Adding the money to her fund D.Giving the money to a sick mother ‎3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?‎ A.To try out an idea B.To show a parent's love C.To train his attention D.To help him start a hobby ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Take It or Leave It B.A Lesson from Kids C.Live More with Less D.The Pleasure of Giving ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1-4:DBAC 解析：‎ ‎1.D细节理解题。‎ ‎【关键句】I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a bad situation my credit cards and bank cards weren’t working abroad, and I only had $ 5.‎ ‎(第一段第一句）‎ 译文：我正在Costa Rica旅行，这时我发现自己陷入糟糕的处境：我的信用卡和银行卡在国外不能用，我身上只有5美元。‎ ‎【解题思路】该题问的是作者在Costa Rica旅行时遇到了什么困难。根据关键句可知，在国外，作者的信用卡和银行卡都不能用了，身上只有5美元现金。 由此可知，她身上几乎没有钱了。故选D。‎ ‎2.B细节理解题。‎ ‎【关键句】Everybody replied saying，“Oh my gosh， but we are so poor. We have no space and no extra food. ”（第二段最后两句）‎ 译文：每个人都冋答说：“哦，天哪，可是我们这么穷，没有地方，也没有多余的食物。”‎ ‎【解题思路】该题问的是为什么作者的请求会被 Sama Rasa的一些人拒绝。根据关键句可知，那里的人们太穷了，无法给作者提供食物和住宿。故选B。‎ ‎3.A细节理解题。‎ ‎【关键句】The owner of the restaurant was incredibly kind. She heard my story and really empathized.(第三段第二、三句）‎ 译文：这家餐馆的店主非常善良。她听完我的经历后非常同情我。‎ ‎【解题思路】该题问的是什么使中国餐馆的店主接纳了作者。根据关键句可知，是店主的善良和同情心 让其留下了作者。故选A。‎ ‎4.C推理判断题。‎ ‎【关键句】Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well.(最后一段最后一句)‎ 译文：能够接受别人的善良对别人来说也是一份礼物。‎ ‎【解题思路】该题问的是作者打算用自己的经历向读者传递什么。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者在国外旅行时，在身无分文的时候，得到一位善良的中国餐馆店主的帮助并度过了人生中最美好的旅游之一。根据关键句可知，作者从中体会到能够接受別人的善良也会使别人感到幸福，这也是作者想要向读者传递的信息。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 A few years ago，pop poets such as Murray Lachlan Young began to set poetry to rock music with some surprising results.可知,几年前诗人默里•拉克伦•扬开始把诗歌和摇滚乐结合起来,得到了意想不到的结果。故选A项。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段第五句Pop lyricp are also simply and often keep on saying tlie same thing.可知,流行歌曲的歌词要简单些,而且经常重复同样的内容。故选C项。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Both songs and poems tell a story or talk about feelings.和最后一句 And some of the best lines from pop lyrics are as beautiful as poetry可知,诗歌和音乐都是讲述故事或描述情感,也就是说两者常常表达相似的主题。 4.细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句However, talented performers like Paul McCartney,or newer stars like Robbie Williams,often give sim-pie songs more expression when they perform them.可知,现代的一些优秀表演者在表演歌曲时,能够表达出更深的含义。故选C项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C 解析：1.细节理解题。【关键句】... discussed some of the ways new technology can be used to improve global health care. Part of the answer lies in using mobile technology in Africa as in the rest of the world.(第二段最后两句) 译文:……讨论了一些新技术可以用来改善全球卫生保健的方法,部分讨论结果归于非洲可以和世界其他地方一样使用移动技术。【解题思路】该题问的是新技术如何改善非洲的医疗保健。根据关键句可知,新技术可以同世界上其他国家一样使用移动技术来改善非洲的医疗保健。故选D。 2.推理判断题。【关键句】Although CHWs,most of whom are female, cannot replace professional health staff,they play a unique role at community level.(第三段最后 —句)译文:虽然社区卫生工作者大多数是女性,也无法取代专业的卫生人员,但她们在社区层面发挥着独特的作用。【解题思路】该题问的是社区卫生工作者接受健康培训的主要原因是什么。根据关键句可推知,Caroline Mindy认为社区卫生工作者不具备医疗方面的专业知识,因此需要接受健康培训。故选D。 3.推理判断题。【关键句】They use the M health platform, hosted on Android smartphones,to record information on patient interactions and supervision visits in real time,and use diagnostic tools in an offline ‎ app.(第四段最后一句)译文:他们使用Android智能手机上存储的M健康平台,实时记录患者互动和监督访问的信息,并在离线应用程序中使用诊断工具。【解题思路】该题问的是M健康平台的影响是什么.根据关键句可推知,M健康平台可以记录患者的活动方面的相关信息。故选C。 4.推理判断题。【关键句】①Developers can create an extraordinary platform, but it's the people who use that platform that matters...(最后一段第二句)译文:开发人员可以创建一个非凡的平台,但使用这个平台的人们很重要……② However it is done,and wherever it is done, training is vital to good health care.(最后一段最后一句)译文:无论如何进行、在哪里进行,培训对良好的卫生保健至关重要。【解题思路】该题问的是我们能从Sally Osbert的观点中推断出什么。根据关键句和第三段内容可推知,培训人员在使用技术方面起着重要作用。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句I was always attracted, listening to this “ time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.可知,作者强调她的晚年和生活的知识。 2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance in change. In this way the elderly don’ t have regrets for what they did, but rather for things they did not do.可知,罗丝被邀请在足球赛中发言,很可能是因为她努力实现她的梦想。 3.推理判断题。根据第二段中Anybody can grow older. 每一个人都会长大。 It’ s non-optional but that doesn’ t take any talent or ability. 这是不可选的,但不需要任何天赋或能力。The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance in change. 我们的想法是通过不断寻找改变的机会来成长。可知,我们可以了解到Rose同意成长需要天赋和能力。 4.目的意图题。根据最后一段最后一句Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’ s never too late to be all you can possibly be.可知,本文目的是鼓励读者不要辜负自己的生活。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知,当里约热内卢市长把城市的钥匙交给狂欢节国王和王后,狂欢节就正式开始了。 2.词义猜测题。根据上文尤其是“The official ‎ opening”可以推知,当里约热内卢市长把城市的钥匙交给狂欢节国王和王后,狂欢节就正式开始,故beginning与kickoff的意思最为接近。 3.推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可推知,狂欢节的时间不确定,故A项正确。 4.标题归纳题。本文作者比较全面地向读者介绍了巴西狂欢节的盛况,故A项符合题意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.细节推理题。根据第一段The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru.及对The Nazca Lines图案和发现过程的具体介绍,可知the Nazca Lines是出现在秘鲁南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地画,故选D. 2.理解具体信息。根据第三段But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics. dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain historical period, form the most impressive archeological(考古学的) group. 可知,其数量、特色、维度以及在某一特定历史时期反复重塑的文化连续性,是纳斯卡地貌图案最令人印象深刻的四个因素,应选D项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.可知因为这里干燥少雨的气候和平坦多石的地形使地画能很好的被保留,故选C. 4.猜测词义题。最后一句指这些因素,加上沙漠表面下浅色地下土壤的存在,给那些想要永久留下印记的艺术家提供了一个巨大的书写板。“eternal”永恒的,和Ever-lasting同义,故选B.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.D 解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.可知,“昂贵”不是edible plates的优势。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句They also have a range of cutlery(餐具) made from corn and potato starch(淀粉).可知,玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。 3.词义指代题。根据第三段Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well ‎ as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. 塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏,同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应,世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry."可知,本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.A; 4.C 解析：这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具,并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。‎ ‎1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less可以推断出,人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。‎ ‎2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知,当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时,她同意卖玩具。故选C。‎ ‎3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.表明,跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。‎ ‎4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知,作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less,而二三段是作者的尝试,故C作标题适合。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ ‎ 高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断,也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断,既可以是生词意义,也可以是熟词新意;还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有:语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。‎ 语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的,其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中,许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇,短语并结合具体的语境来推测。此题中第一题为词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第三句the good news is that I can …可以推断出,前后语义相反,后句中是live more with less,所以前句应该是“越多越好”的意思。‎ ‎ ‎