【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三基础点课时第2讲冠词 8页

第2讲　冠词 在语法填空中解答有关冠词的题目时，要明确设空处是特指还是泛指(还要知晓a与an的区别)；在短文改错中，除了判断泛指或特指外，还要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词而不可数名词或可数名词复数前除特指时用定冠词the外，一般不用冠词，同时对含有冠词的固定搭配也应熟练掌握。‎ 考点感悟 语法填空 语法填空对冠词的考查主要是不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配。‎ 感1.(2019·山西太原五中高三下学期)While no everyone will have pondered (思索) the subject while staring out of the window during ________ flight, the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.‎ 答案：a　此处用不定冠词来表示泛指一类事情，故答案为a。‎ ‎2.(2019·湖北黄冈高三联考)Han Haihua described ________ form of bullfighting he teaches as the explosive power of hard “qigong”， saying it combines the skill and speed of martial arts with traditional wrestling moves.‎ 答案：the　分析句子可知，特指Han Haihua所教的斗牛形式，所以用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。‎ ‎3.(2019·福建厦门高三下学期质检)With ________ series of wellplanned and touristfriendly cultural activities, the Palace Museum is now on a campaign to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public.‎ 答案：a　表示“一系列的……”应用a series of ...，故该空填冠词a。‎ ‎4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 答案：a　for a while “一会儿”为固定搭配。‎ ‎5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 答案：the　最高级前应用定冠词the。‎ 悟1.学会判断是否填冠词　①如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词，则很可能填冠词；②如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一”的概念，一般填a/an，如果翻译成“这/那”的概念，一般填the；③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语，则很可能填the。‎ ‎2.熟记含冠词的固定搭配　参见后文“考点素能三”中的内容。‎ 短文改错 短文改错中主要考查不定冠词a和an及不定冠词与定冠词的错用、冠词的缺失与多余，尤其要注意固定搭配。‎ 感1.(2019·安徽示范性高中皖北协作区高三联考)On third day, our bus pulled into a motorway service station.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：third前加the　表示顺序的序数词前需加定冠词，故在third前加the。‎ ‎2.(2019·四川遂宁市高三第三次诊断)A car ran into a truck and fortunately, nobody got injured. Who will be responsible for an accident is still under investigation.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：an→the　本句中是特指这次“一辆小汽车撞上了一辆卡车”的事故，因此要用特指，而不是泛指，故把an改为the。‎ ‎3.(2019·广东省湛江市高三调研)Half a hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：a→an　hour首字母的发音为元音音素。故将a改为an。‎ ‎4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：去掉the　at first意为“起初，一开始”，为固定短语。‎ 悟1.要知晓何为泛指何为特指　参见后文“考点素能一”中所讲。‎ ‎2.冠词的错用　表示泛指时用不定冠词(元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a)，表示特指时用定冠词the。‎ ‎3.单数可数名词前冠词的缺失　一般来说单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词，然后可根据泛指、特指去判断应用何冠词。‎ ‎4.冠词的多余　一看到不可数名词或可数名词复数表泛指应考虑到是否多用了冠词。‎ ‎5.两种基础要打牢　一是定冠词the的常用情况，二是含有定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的固定短语，这些都是基础，记住才是硬道理。‎ 考点素能 一 明确冠词的泛指与特指 ‎1．泛指：不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指。‎ ‎2．特指：①用在上文提到的人或物前；②‎ 用在被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前；③用在双方默认的特定的人或物前。‎ 二 掌握必用定冠词的情况 ‎1．the用在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面。‎ Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?‎ 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？‎ China‎ is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.‎ 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。‎ ‎2．the用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。‎ the wounded 伤员　the rich 富人 The Greens are on holiday now.‎ 格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。‎ ‎3．the用在年代、朝代及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前。‎ the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代 ‎4．the与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况：‎ ‎①用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，表示“越……越……”之意。‎ The more we do for the people, the happier we'll be.‎ 我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。‎ ‎②用在“the＋比较级＋of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。‎ She is the taller of the two girls.‎ 她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。‎ ‎5．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”中。‎ An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.‎ 一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。‎ ‎6．用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/day/week/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但size/weight/‎ time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。‎ We got paid by the month.‎ 我们按月计酬。‎ Meat is sold by weight.‎ 肉按重量出售。‎ 三 熟记常考固定搭配 ‎1．含不定冠词的固定搭配 as a result 因此　as a rule 通常 as a whole 总体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 总之 pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 be on a diet 节食 in a short while 不久 have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生 have/take a rest 休息 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a way 在某种程度上 keep an eye on 照看，留意 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋 give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 ‎2．含定冠词的固定搭配 in the end 最后 in the way 挡道 in the distance 在远处 by the way 顺便说一下 on the whole 总的来说 at the same time 同时 to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being 暂时 on the spot 在现场 not in the least 一点也不 the other day 前几天 take the place of 代替 at the moment 此刻，目前 to the point 切题 make the most/best of充分利用 on the other hand 另一方面 in the middle of 在……中间 ‎3．含零冠词的固定搭配 at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧 on purpose 故意 lose heart 灰心 out of control 失控 out of work 失业 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by law 根据法律 by mistake 由于差错 under repair 处于维修中 day and night 整日整夜 at risk 有危险 in danger 处于危险之中 from morning till night 从早到晚 on second thoughts 再想一想 过关检测(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．If your parents see that you have ________ high sense of responsibility, they will give you the right to do what you want to do.‎ 答案：a ‎2．He became one of ________ most popular stars of American television.‎ 答案：the ‎3．You can always keep yourself interested and it can help you have ________ enjoyable time if you like reading.‎ 答案：an ‎4．________ Smiths you are looking for no longer live here.‎ 答案：The ‎5．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.‎ 答案：a; the ‎6．I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ 答案：the; a ‎7．The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son need ________ operation on his knee.‎ 答案：the; an ‎8．He was driving at 50 miles ________ hour.‎ 答案：an ‎9．The education of ________ young is always a serious topic.‎ 答案：the ‎10．—Have you listened to ________ weather forecast, Linda?‎ ‎—Yes. It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.‎ 答案：the Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．An eighteenth century was the golden age of the novel.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：An→The ‎2．We were touched by such a act of kindness on a hot day.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：第一个a→an ‎3．In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：different前加a ‎4．I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：去掉sight前的a ‎5．Finally, I accepted the offer of a 80－year－old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：第一个a→an ‎6．A Chinese people are industrious and brave.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：A→The ‎7．Thank you for sending us fresh vegetables of many kinds, and you have offered great service.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：great前加a ‎8．We all need the clean world to live in, so we should do something to stop the pollution.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：第一个the→a ‎9．My aunt, as a easy－going old lady, did give us a surprise when she lost her temper at the family party yesterday.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：a→an ‎10．The report said that a bus went out of control on a highway the south of the city and rushed into a river.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：去掉south前的the Ⅲ.语法填空 That Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in __1__ (get) the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou‎ ‎City. Word came __2__ the Beijing－Zhangjiakou high－speed railway, __3__ (locate) in North China, is currently under construction, and __4__ (expect) to be completed by ‎2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. Starting from Beijing North Railway Station, heading west through the Great Wall three times in the ‎ capital's territory, the project is a big challenge, __5__ designers say the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have an impact on the structure. The line has a __6__ (long) of ‎174 km as a double－tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten stations situated along its route. Having a __7__ (totally) investment of 31.17 billion yuan ($5 billion), the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes, with the train __8__ (travel) at an average of ‎250 km/h. According to the plan, the high－speed railway will build two branch lines—one is to Yanqing Station and the other __9__ Taizicheng of Chongli, __10__ the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes 70－kilometer section through Beijing, will be completed in four and a half years.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述北京和张家口将在2022年联手举办冬奥会，因此一条从北京到张家口的高速铁路预计将在2020年竣工。‎ ‎1．getting　考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth. “成功做成某事”，为固定搭配，故填getting。‎ ‎2．that　考查连接词。word came that ... “消息传来……”，为固定搭配，此处是that引导的同位语从句，故填that。‎ ‎3．located　考查非谓语动词。be located in “坐落在……”，为固定搭配，此处是过去分词作定语，故填located。‎ ‎4．is expected　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：北京到张家口的高速铁路预计在2020年完成。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is expected。‎ ‎5．but　考查连词。根据句意可知此处表示转折，故填but。‎ ‎6．length　考查词性转换。此处表示“长度”，故填long的名词形式length。‎ ‎7．total　考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故填total。‎ ‎8．travel(l)ing　考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构，表示主动，故填travel(l)ing。‎ ‎9．to　考查介词。此处表示“到……”，故填to。‎ ‎10．where　考查定语从句的引导词。此处Taizicheng of Chongli为先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear friends，‎ It is a great honor to share with you my experience in making English speeches.‎ To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me. Due to my terrible pronunciation, I often got misunderstood or even laughed by others. I never ‎ succeed in speech competitions. Therefore, I refused to give up. Every day I spent two hours listen to English programs to improve my oral skills. To my joy, my effort was finally paid off. I made steadily progress and managed to win prizes in some speech competition.‎ So problems can help us grow if we deal with it bravely and properly. This is which I've learned from my experience.‎ 答案：‎ Dear friends，‎ It is a great honor to share with you my experience in making English speeches.‎ To tell truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me. Due to my terrible pronunciation, I often got misunderstood or even laughed by others. I never in speech competitions. ， I refused to give up. Every day I spent two hours to English programs to improve my oral skills. To my joy, my effort finally paid off. I made progress and managed to win prizes in some speech .‎ So problems can help us grow if we deal with bravely and properly. This is I've learned from my experience.‎