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【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词学案(7页word版)

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‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 冠词学案 ‎ 一、不定冠词 ‎①The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.(福建高考单选改编)‎ ‎“中国梦”是一个提升人民幸福感的梦,也是一个和谐、和平及发展的梦。‎ ‎②A doctor is a person who saves people's life.‎ 医生就是拯救人们生命的人。‎ ‎③A Mr Tailor came to see you while you were out.‎ 你不在时一位叫泰勒的先生来找过你。‎ ‎④He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.‎ 他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是,在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。‎ ‎⑤The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week.‎ 美国家庭主妇可能一周只购物一两次。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 不定冠词a/an的用法 ‎1.单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。‎ ‎2.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。‎ ‎3.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。‎ ‎4.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。‎ ‎5.表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。‎ 二、定冠词 ‎①We all sighed with relief when the plane finally landed safely.‎ 当飞机最后安全着陆的时候,我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。‎ ‎②As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.‎ 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎③Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.‎ 在中国,刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。‎ ‎④Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(陕西高考语法和词汇知识)‎ 据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。‎ ‎⑤—It's said John will be in a job paying over $‎60,000 a year.‎ ‎—Right, he will also get paid by the week.‎ ‎——据说约翰将拥有一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。‎ ‎——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 定冠词the的用法 ‎1.用在名词前表示特指。‎ ‎2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。‎ ‎3.用在序数词和最高级前。‎ ‎4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。‎ ‎5.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the week等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight, by height等。‎ 三、零冠词 ‎①The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea. ‎ 史密斯一家通常不喜欢住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边一家不错的旅馆住了几天。‎ ‎②Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”‎ 这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。‎ ‎③A year can be divided into four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter.‎ 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。‎ ‎④Clever boy as he is, he can't solve such a difficult problem.‎ 尽管他是个聪明的孩子,但他无法解决这么难的问题。‎ ‎⑤Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.‎ 信不信由你,没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎⑥India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.‎ 经过长期斗争后,印度于1947年赢得独立。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 零冠词的用法 ‎1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。‎ ‎2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。‎ ‎3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。‎ ‎4.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。‎ ‎5.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。‎ ‎6.纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。高考中常见的词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空), advice, word(消息), progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财富), independence等。‎ 常考点一:冠词的特指与泛指 ‎1.(2016·浙江高考)________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ A.The; 不填 B.A; 不填 C.A; the D.The; a 解析:选D 句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两周。第一空填the,是特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词;第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。‎ ‎2.(2015·重庆高考)I just heard________ bank where Dora works was robbed by________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ A.the; /          B.a; /‎ C.the; a D.a; the 解析:选C 句意:我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。第一个空有定语从句修饰限定,很显然是特指多拉工作的那家银行,可排除B、D两项;第二个空后的gunman是可数名词单数,其前一般需要加适当的冠词或其他限定词,故选C。‎ ‎3.(2018·南京重点中学联考)To us all in China, ________ experience of taking the College Entrance Examination seems an important way to judge whether one's life is ________ complete one.‎ A.the; a B.an; a C.the; the D.an; the 解析:选A 第一空特指“参加高考的经历”,因此用定冠词;第二空表示泛指,应用不定冠词。因此选A。‎ 常考点二:冠词的习惯用法 ‎4.(2018·江苏省高考压轴卷)—Could you tell me the way to ________ Johnsons, please?‎ ‎—Sorry, we don't have ________ Johnson here in the village.‎ A.the; the B.the; a C./; the D.the; /‎ 解析:选B 在人的姓氏前加定冠词the,姓后加s表示“……一家或夫妻两人”;在人的姓氏前加不定冠词a,表示“某个姓……的人”。‎ ‎5.(2018·苏州模拟)For most people, ________ work stress involves ________ lack of satisfaction and not feeling appreciated.‎ A./; / B.the; the C./; the D./; a 解析:选D 句意:对大部分人来说,工作压力包含缺乏满足感和被欣赏感。第一空,stress作“压力”讲时,是不可数名词,故不用冠词;第二空,a lack ‎ of“缺乏,缺少”,为固定短语。故选D项。‎ 单项填空 ‎1.(2018·盐城中学质量检测)The viewers will have ________ second chance to watch the TV series on ________ Channel 4 tonight.‎ A.a; the         B.the; the C.the; / D.a; /‎ 解析:选D 第一空“a+序数词”表示“再一,又一”;第二空“Channel 4”是专有名词,其前不用冠词。故D项正确。‎ ‎2.(2018·徐州一中模拟)We Chinese have a dream — ________ dream to turn a welloff life into ________ reality by 2020.‎ A.a; a B.the; /‎ C.the; a D.a; the 解析:选A 句意:我们中国人有一个梦想,那就是到2020年实现小康。第一空“dream”是可数名词,与前面的“a dream”呼应,是其同位语,故用不定冠词;固定搭配:turn sth. into reality意为“把……变成现实”;turn sth. into a reality也意为“把……变成现实”,但指将具体的事物变成现实,符合本题“实现小康”这一语境。因此,第二空用不定冠词。故选A项。 ‎ ‎3.(2018·常州高三模拟)—Well, that is one of ________ most expensive hotels in town, I'm afraid.‎ ‎—Do you mean we'd better choose ________ cheaper one?‎ A.a; a B.the; a C.a; the D.the; the 解析:选B 第一空,“one of ________ most expensive hotels”表示“最贵的旅馆之一”,应用the;第二空,“________cheaper one”表示“一个较便宜的旅馆”,为泛指意义,应用a。故选B。‎ ‎4.(2018·南京高三模拟)Mike struggled to keep ________ pace with his fellows until the exploration came to ________ end.‎ A.the; / B./; the C.the; an D./; an 解析:选D keep pace with sb.“与某人并驾齐驱,与某人步调一致”;come to an end“结束”,均为固定短语。‎ ‎5.(2018·苏州高三模拟)Even a small amount of carbon monoxide can be fatal for children or at least has ________ power to make ________ child seriously ill.‎ A.a; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a 解析:选D 句意:即使是少量的一氧化碳对儿童也会产生致命影响,或者说至少会让儿童病得很严重。两个空处均表示泛指,power是不可数名词,前面不加冠词;而child为可数名词,故用不定冠词来修饰,表示泛指。‎ ‎6.(2018·连云港高三检测)Environmentfriendly living means that people lead ________ healthier lifestyle, and always in ________ harmony with the world around us.‎ A.a; / B.the; a C./; a D.a; the 解析:选A 第一空表泛指,故用不定冠词, a healthier lifestyle“一种更健康的生活方式”;in harmony with为固定短语,意为“与……和谐相处”,故选A。‎ ‎7.(2018·徐州一中模拟)Everything comes with ________ price; there is no such ________ thing as a free lunch in the world.‎ A.a; a B.the; /‎ C.the; a D.a; /‎ 解析:选D 句意:所有东西都是有价的,天下没有免费的午餐。第一空表示泛指,应用不定冠词;no=not any/not a,thing前因为有no不再用不定冠词,故选D。‎ ‎8.—I'm disappointed the experiment turned out to be ________ complete failure again.‎ ‎—Don't lose heart. Try ________ third time.‎ A.the; a B.a; the C.a; a D./; the 解析:选C 句意:“我很失望,这次试验证明又是一次完全的失败。”“不要灰心丧气,再尝试一次。”第一空后的failure为抽象名词具体化,表示“失败的事或失败的人”,故用a修饰;不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”,故选C。‎ ‎9.(2018·扬州高三模拟)As environment protection is becoming ____________ public concern, ____________ government is determined to pay more attention to the issue.‎ A./; the B.a; /‎ C.the; a D.a; the 解析:选D 句意:由于环境保护正成为公众关注的一个问题,政府决心给予更多的关注。第一空表示泛指,应用不定冠词;第二空为特指,应用定冠词,故选D。‎