【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题三第3讲议论文和说明文 22页

第3讲　议论文和说明文 议论文和说明文的完形填空都属于较难的文体，在全国卷中出现的频率很低，议论文在全国卷中基本没有考查，说明文也仅仅是在2012年和2014年出现过两次，不过也应加以足够重视。‎ 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张，或是驳斥别人的错误观点。议论文类完形填空具有如下特点：‎ ‎(1)首句制胜，论点明确。议论文一般都在首句提出论点，然后在各段的前句提出分论点。‎ ‎(2)结构清楚，逻辑通顺。作者为了使文章的脉络清晰，一般会使用一些逻辑关联词(或短语)，如on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, surely, obviously等。‎ ‎(3)方法论证，合情合理。议论文都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法、对照法。‎ 说明文常就某一个问题、某一种社会现象、某一个产品的制作过程和使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题等从不同角度来加以说明。说明文一般有两种结构模式：①总分式：包括“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”等具体形式；②递进式： 一层一层地剖析事理，所以事理说明文多采用这种形式。常用空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序等去组织文章。‎ 议论文可利用以下几种技巧：‎ ‎1．把握首句和首段的完整信息，从而去掌握文章的中心论点：议论文的论点一般出现在首句或首段，因此我们要认真阅读这部分内容，以便掌握文章的导向，也有利于我们对上下文的理解。‎ ‎2．把握作者的观点态度：议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要去把握作者的观点，了解作者对某一事物的态度是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，通过把握作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。‎ ‎3．论点和论据相互结合：一般来说，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，那么我们就要重新梳理文章，这样才能得到正确的答案。‎ 说明文可利用以下方法：‎ ‎1．理清文章结构，了解文章主旨：对全文有一个清晰的概念，理清了文章的结构才能掌握文章的主旨。‎ ‎2．掌握说明顺序，弄懂逻辑关系：掌握了文章是按时间、空间、逻辑或认知等的顺序去组织后，考生才能理顺逻辑关系，才能找准关键信息，才能得出正确推论。‎ ‎3．明白所举事例，找准突破口：为了说明一件事情或一个道理，说明文中常使用举例的方法，明白了所举的事例，也就找到了做题的突破口。‎ 真题导练 ‎(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43__ with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45__ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of __46__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __47__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __48__ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the __49__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great __50__ but are soon looking forward to __51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __52__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, __53__ drove for hours at a time when they first __54__ their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually __55__ to do a lot of __56__ things, which they never had __57__ to do while working. But __58__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __59__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new __60__.‎ ‎41．A.principle B．habit C．way D．power ‎42．A.parties B．races C．countries D．ages ‎43．A.working B．living C．playing D．going ‎44．A.confidence B．interest C．anxiety D．sorrow ‎45．A.same B．extra C．funny D．expensive ‎46．A.wellorganized B．colorfullyprinted C．newlycollected D．halffilled ‎47．A.broad B．passing C．different D．main ‎48．A.silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly 本文是一篇议论文。文章以小孩、青少年、成年人和一些退休的人为例，论述了人们有时难以长时间专注于一种活动。‎ ‎41．根据上文“As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.”可知，此处指的是我们能够看到这一原则起作用。故选A。‎ ‎42．根据下文列举的例子可知，这一原则适用于各个年龄阶段的人。故选D。‎ ‎43．根据常识并结合空格后的“with their new toys”可知，此处指孩子们对玩新玩具感到兴奋，动词短语play_with意为“玩弄”。故选C。‎ ‎44．根据第47空后的“interest”可知，此处指孩子们对新玩具的兴趣很快就会消退。故选B。‎ ‎45．此处指到一月份的时候，同样的那些玩具就被发现被弃置在地下室里了。故选A。‎ ‎46．根据下文的“unfinished models”可推断，此处指世界上充满了没有完成的集邮册。故选D。‎ ‎47．结合上文中的“But their __44__ soon wears off”可知，此处指的是短暂的/一时的兴趣。故选B。‎ ‎48．此处指当父母把宠物带回家的时候，他们的孩子会很高兴地为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。故选C。‎ ‎49．此处指不久照料动物的重担就交给父母了。burden意为“负荷/重担”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎50．此处指青少年刚进入高中的时候很兴奋。故选D。‎ ‎51．根据上文中的“but are soon looking forward to”的转折可知，青少年十分兴奋地进入高中，但是不久就开始盼望着毕业。故选A。‎ ‎52．根据下文“complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work”可判断，空格处指的是具有驾驶资格的成年人。故选C。‎ ‎53．根据设空后的“drove for hours at a time when they first”可推断，他们刚拿到驾照时渴望连续几个小时驾车。故选B。‎ ‎49．A.promise B．burden C．right D．game ‎50．A.courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement ‎51．A.graduation B．independence C．responsibility D．success ‎52．A.children B．students C．adults D．retirees ‎53．A.carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely ‎54．A.required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered ‎55．A.need B．learn C．start D．plan ‎56．A.great B．strange C．difficult D．correct ‎57．A.time B．money C．skills D．knowledge ‎58．A.only B．well C．even D．soon ‎59．A.lost B．chose C．left D．quit ‎60．A.pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues　　　　‎ ‎54.根据下文中的“their driver's licenses (执照)”可知，此处指的是成年人刚获得/得到他们的驾照。故选B。‎ ‎55．在退休前，人们计划做很多在工作时没时间做的事情。故选D。‎ ‎56．根据下文的“the golfing, the fishing, the reading”可知，这些都是美好的事情。故选A。‎ ‎57．此处指计划退休后做的事都是工作时没有时间做的。故选A。‎ ‎58．此处指退休后不久，他们感到打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都和曾经的工作一样变得无聊了。故选D。‎ ‎59．这些想做的事就像他们退休时离开的那份工作一样变得索然无味了。they left是定语从句，修饰限定the_jobs。故选C。‎ ‎60．根据上文“like the child in January”可知，就像在一月份的孩子，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。故选B。‎ 过关检测(限时：45分钟)‎ ‎(2019·安徽师大附中期中)In a world where comparisons happen nonstop, it is ‎ difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be __1__ with who you are. There's always someone who's a bit __2__. The only solution is to reach __3__ and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more __4__ measure for comparison than who you were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your __5__.‎ Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. __6__ you see yourself better than someone and you get __7__， or you see someone else better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for __8__. It is a fool's game. Not one of us is exactly __9__. The only direct and honest comparison is __10__ yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges.‎ My opinion is that you are only __11__ to compare yourself to someone else if their life __12__ is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one thing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how __13__ you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there's not, you can __14__ someone is coming up fast behind you. So how can you always win in life? Become your best __15__.‎ Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to __16__ you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who __17__ if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn't make a bit of __18__. You are a more fit person today than you were yesterday. Your own __19__ is all you need.‎ If you __20__ to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day, you will always be at the top of your game.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了和别人比较没有意义。我们要和过去的自己比较，每天进步一点点，自己才能超越别人，稳步向前，胜利属于自己。‎ ‎1．A.patient B．strict ‎ C．content D．concerned 答案：C　由前一句所述这个世界充满对比可知，我们总是无法对自己满意。content “满意的”符合语境。‎ ‎2．A.stronger B．wiser ‎ C．lazier D．better 答案：D　由第13空后的描述可知，这里泛指总会有人比你好。故选D项。‎ ‎3．A.out B．up ‎ C．inside D．outside 答案：C　根据本句中的“your own inner yardstick”可知，此处表述唯一的解决办法就是深入我们的内心，按照我们自己的内在的衡量标准来衡量自己。 故选C。‎ ‎4．A.accurate B．careful ‎ C．useful D．powerful 答案：A　除了和过去的你相比，没有更为精确的衡量标准了。accurate “精确的”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.end B．best C．side D．convenience 答案：B　人们要和自己过去比的话，应该是和过去最佳时期进行比较。at one's best “处于最佳状态”，符合语境。‎ ‎6．A.Whether B．If ‎ C．Once D．Either 答案：D　由第7空后的“or”及语境可知，此处构成either ... or ... 结构，故选D项。‎ ‎7．A.lazy B．inspired C．busy D．satisfied 答案：A　由“or”连接的下一分句中的“all your hard work”可知，前一分句表示：要么你看到自己比别人强的时候，你会变得懒惰，不思进取。故lazy “懒惰的”符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.fun B．nothing ‎ C．sure D．success 答案：B　此处表示第二种情况：要么你看到别人比你好，你会觉得你所有的努力都没价值。for nothing意为“徒然地，没有结果地”。‎ ‎9．A.equal B．unique C．alike D．common 答案：C　和别人去比较是傻子的游戏，所以文章强调不要和别人去比，因为人和人不同。alike “相似的”符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.to B．by ‎ C．for D．within 答案：D　文章第一段最后提到要和昨天的自己、上周的自己或者是10年前的自己去比较，用自己内在的衡量标准去衡量自己，所以在此应该是自己内在的比较，故D项正确。‎ ‎11．A.allowed B．suggested C．instructed D．directed 答案：A　此处表述你只可以与那些和你生活状况一样的人去比较。即允许自己和别人相比较。allow “允许”符合句意。‎ ‎12．A.position B．situation C．occasion D．accommodation 答案：B　和别人比较要在同等情况下进行比较，也就是生活境况(situation)相同的，否则没有可比性。‎ ‎13．A.diligent B．dedicated C．optimistic D．addicted 答案：B　由句中的“how hard you work”及下句中的语境可推知，此处表述不管你工作多么努力且多么投入，总是有人会跑得比你快，跳得比你高。故dedicated “专注的，献身的”符合句意。‎ ‎14．A.declare B．conclude ‎ C．announce D．bet 答案：D　即使现在没人比你强，肯定也有人在背后努力会超过你的。惯用搭配you can bet意为“肯定，毫无疑问”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.assistant B．coach ‎ C．competitor D．teacher 答案：C　作者强调不要和别人去比，要自己和自己比，要让今天的自己超越昨天的自己，所以自己才是自己的竞争对手。故选C。‎ ‎16．A.lead B．push ‎ C．expose D．cause 答案：B　由下一句中关于自我超越的例子可知，此处表述对你最近能达到的最大限度有所了解可以推动自己朝下一个高度前进。push “推；推动”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.wonders B．says ‎ C．cares D．asks 答案：C　从上文可知，作者要人们自己给自己设定目标，每天进步一点点超越自己，而不去和别人比。who cares if ... 表示不在意某事，故选C。‎ ‎18．A.difference B．sense ‎ C．change D．effort 答案：A　别人做得再好和我们也毫无关系，我们只和自己比较，所以即使你跑7段楼梯，别人跑15段，那也和我们一点关系都没有。make a difference意为“有关系，有影响”。故选A项。‎ ‎19．A.benefit B．result ‎ C．habit D．progress 答案：D　‎ 从上下文可知，此处是指我们没必要去和别人比，去看别人的成绩，只要我们自己每天都在进步，那么我们就是一个成功的人，你的进步就是你需要的东西。故progress “进步，进展”符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.commit B．devote ‎ C．tend D．contribute 答案：A　如果你保证每天都有所提高，那么你将永远都是胜利者。commit “保证”符合语境。‎ ‎(2019·江西省高三毕业班新课程教学质量监测)There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the __1__ thing is that the French, who consume rich food, __2__ to stay thin. Now a __3__ by Cornell‎ ‎University suggests __4__ life style and decisions about __5__ may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel __6__. However, Americans tend to stop when their __7__ are empty or their favorite TV show is over.‎ According to Dr Joseph Mercola, a __8__ expert, the French see eating __9__ an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a __10__ time at the table, while Americans see eating as __11__ to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans __12__ the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have __13__. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and __14__ foods for the week. The French, __15__ tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a __16__ of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal.‎ After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to __17__ about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid __18__. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.‎ In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style __19__ may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains __20__ and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对比，介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因：生活方式和饮食习惯。‎ ‎1．A.present B．natural ‎ C．strange D．modern 答案：C　与空前面的“There are too many fat people in America”‎ 很多美国人超重对比，令人奇怪的是，法国人，他们吃大量的油腻食品，但却持续保持很瘦的身材。故选C。‎ ‎2．A.continue B．move ‎ C．try D．expand 答案：A　根据该空前面的“that the French, who consume rich food”可知，令人奇怪的是，法国人，他们吃大量的油腻食品，但却持续保持很瘦的身材。选A。‎ ‎3．A.research B．novel ‎ C．book D．newspaper 答案：A　由下文中的“Researchers”可知，Cornell大学做的一个研究表明生活方式和决定可能会影响体重。A项正确。‎ ‎4．A.that B．what ‎ C．how D．when 答案：A　设空处引导从句作suggest的宾语，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导。选A。‎ ‎5．A.working B．living ‎ C．studying D．eating 答案：D　由该空后面的“affect weight”可推知，生活方式和饮食习惯可能会影响体重。选D。‎ ‎6．A.sensitive B．sad ‎ C．happy D．full 答案：D　当法国人感到吃饱了的时候，他们就不再吃东西了。选D。‎ ‎7．A.pockets B．refrigerators ‎ C．houses D．plates 答案：D　由下文“are empty or their favorite TV show is over”可知，与法国人形成对照的是，美国人只有在盘子里空了(即没有东西可吃了)或者他们最喜欢的电视剧结束的时候他们才停止吃东西。选D。‎ ‎8．A.education B．health ‎ C．literature D．speech 答案：B　由下文中“Dr Joseph Mercola”的观点可知，他是一位健康专家。选B。‎ ‎9．A.into B．as ‎ C．inside D．to 答案：B　法国人将吃看作是他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see ... as ... 意为“将……看作……”，是固定搭配。故选B。‎ ‎10．A.fairly long B．quite short ‎ C．very exciting D．rather fast 答案：A　法国人喜欢食物，所以他们花了相当长的时间在餐桌旁。选A。‎ ‎11．A.anything B．something ‎ C．everything D．nothing 答案：B　根据该空后面的“to be squeezed between the other daily activities”可知， 美国人将吃看作是一件在其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。选B。‎ ‎12．A.get B．bring ‎ C．lose D．receive 答案：C　由下文中的“they keep eating long”可知，当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到(自己已经吃饱了)。指他们丧失了这种能力。故选C。‎ ‎13．A.kept B．enjoyed ‎ C．went D．stopped 答案：D　美国人丧失了感觉自己吃饱的能力，所以当法国人(感到饱了而)停止吃食物时，美国人还会一直吃很长时间。D项正确。‎ ‎14．A.hot B．cool ‎ C．warm D．frozen 答案：D　根据上文“Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned”可知，美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。选D。‎ ‎15．A.therefore B．instead ‎ C．however D．merely 答案：B　与前面的美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品对比，相反地(instead)，法国人却每天都去购物，步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。选B。‎ ‎16．A.choice B．message ‎ C．order D．number 答案：A　结合该空后面的“of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal”可知，法国人往往会选择新鲜水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。选A。‎ ‎17．A.write B．read ‎ C．speak D．think 答案：A　由该空前面的“author of French Women Don't Get Fat”可知，Mireille Guiliano是一位作家，所以她决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性。选A。‎ ‎18．A.fruit B．food ‎ C．oil D．egg 答案：B　根据语境可知Mireille Guiliano决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性而不是建议人们如何避免吃某些食物。选B。‎ ‎19．A.examples B．tradition ‎ C．changes D．stories 答案：C　由下文讲法国青少年对传统饮食习惯的抛弃和肥胖率的增加可知，此处表明最近的生活方式的改变可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。change “改变；变化”。选C。‎ ‎20．A.failure B．success ‎ C．acceptance D．rejection 答案：C　由该空后面的“the young reject older traditions”可知，法国的年轻人拒绝传统食物，由此可知，他们越来越接受美国的快餐。故选C。‎ 强化特训10　议论文和说明文(一)(限时：35分钟)‎ ‎[1]‎ Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enhance one's overall well－being. The arts are used to let go, __1__ and to release.‎ People have been using the arts as tools for __2__for many centuries. In the early 1940's expressive arts therapy became formally __3__ and has since provided meaningful therapeutic __4__ for people of all ages in a variety of treatment settings. There is no right or wrong way in the arts and clients are encouraged to be __5__ with self－expression. Expressive arts therapy focuses on the __6__ of making art and exploring __7__ the piece means to the individual, __8__ the final product.‎ Through the arts, people can __9__ ideas and feelings that may be hard to put into words, such as negative memories and stress. It has been __10__ that use of the arts can help people develop social skills, __11__ anxiety, manage behavior, and increase self－confidence. A free form of expression makes clients __12__ of their own work by reducing the need to compare themselves to others, an unfortunate problem seen today.‎ Expressive arts therapists are professionally __13__. Anyone can be an expressive art therapist provided that they get the appropriate training. Knowledge in psychology is __14__ to all training, but from there training __15__ includes getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (实施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically. Some professionals extend their __16__ and obtain a PhD in expressive therapy.‎ ‎__17__ expressive arts therapy is unique, the clinical goal is __18__ to other mental health professions. This __19__ is to facilitate clients' growth and __20__ change.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。在心理学上，表达性艺术治疗借助舞蹈、戏剧、音乐、绘画等方式，把内心的真实状况表达出来，从而达到心理治疗的目的。‎ ‎1．A.admit B．express C．examine D．trust 答案：B　根据该空前后的“Expressive arts therapy”和“let go”以及“release”可知，该空填express符合语境。‎ ‎2．A.explaining B．proving C．healing D．judging 答案：C　根据文章开头的“Expressive arts therapy”可知，它是一种治疗的方法，故填healing。‎ ‎3．A.recognized B．relieved C．affected D．controlled 答案：A　在20世纪40年代早期，表达性艺术治疗被正式认可(recognized)，自此以后，该治疗手法就给各类人提供了重要的治疗体验经历(experiences)。‎ ‎4．A.results B．experiences C．causes D．questions 答案：B　experience “经历”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.angry B．bored C．strict D．free 答案：D　根据第12空格前的“A free form of expression”可知，表达性艺术治疗鼓励人们自由(free)地表达自我，并没有对错之分。‎ ‎6．A.secret B．technique C．difficulty D．process 答案：D　根据第8空格后的“the final product”可知，表达性艺术治疗注重创作艺术的过程(process)，注重作品对于个人的意义所在(what)，而非(rather than)最终的作品。‎ ‎7．A.when B．which C．what D．where 答案：C　此处用what表示“什么”，引导宾语从句。‎ ‎8．A.as to B．or rather C．rather than D．other than 答案：C　rather than “而不是”，符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.communicate B．produce C．reject D．test 答案：A　根据该空格后的“be hard to put into words”可知，通过表达性艺术治疗，人们可以将那些无法诉诸语言的想法和情感表达(communicate)出来。‎ ‎10．A.offered B．shown C．guided D．driven 答案：B　根据该空格后的运用表达性艺术治疗的好处可知，填shown符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.create B．feel C．reduce D．recall 答案：C　根据该空格前后内容可知，该句在谈运用表达性艺术治疗的好处，故填reduce符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.tired B．proud C．afraid D．unaware 答案：B　根据该空格后的“reducing the need to compare themselves to others”可知，自由表达的方式让人们对自己的作品感到自豪(proud)。‎ ‎13．A.hired B．served C．awarded D．trained 答案：D　根据下一句中的“get the appropriate training”可知，该空填trained。‎ ‎14．A.basic B．enough C．impossible D．strange 答案：A　根据该空格后的内容可知，心理学知识是所有培训的基本(basic)内容。‎ ‎15．A.finally B．typically C．luckily D．hardly 答案：B　根据该空格后列出的培训内容可知，这些都是比较有典型意义的培训内容，故填typically。‎ ‎16．A.visit B．life C．education D．money 答案：C　根据该空格后的“obtain a PhD in expressive therapy”可知，一些专家扩展教育(education)内容。‎ ‎17．A.If B．Although C．Unless D．Since 答案：B　虽然(Although)表达性艺术治疗很独特，但是临床目标与其他的心理健康行业是相似的(similar)。‎ ‎18．A.unequal B．friendly C．known D．similar 答案：D　be similar to “与……相似”，符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.goal B．profession C．clinic D．theory 答案：A　根据该空格前一句中的“the clinical goal”可知，该空填goal。‎ ‎20．A.unwelcome B．seasonal C．positive D．cultural 答案：C　根据该空格前的growth可知，该空填positive符合语境。‎ ‎[2]‎ I asked my grandpa what it feels like to grow old. He pondered (深思) this __1__ while he gazed out the window and looked at his yard, which has gone into a state of __2__ in recent years. Grandpa no longer possesses the __3__ to maintain its former splendor (光辉)．‎ Grandpa took a sip of his tea, still pondering my question on __4__. Then he asked me a question. “Have you ever been in a hot shower when the water ran __5__？”‎ I told him I had. “That's what aging __6__，” he says. “In the beginning of your life, it's like you're taking a hot shower. __7__ the water is too warm, but you get used to the __8__ and begin enjoying it. When you're __9__， you think it's going to be this way forever.‎ ‎“__10__ you begin to feel it somewhere between your 40s and 50s. The water temperature drops just the slightest bit. You try to __11__ you don't feel it, but you still turn the faucet (龙头) up to stay __12__. But the water keeps going lukewarm. One day you __13__ the faucet can't go up any farther, and from here on the temperature begins to drop—you __14__ feel the warmth leaving your body.‎ ‎“It's a rather __15__ feeling. The water is still pleasant, but you know it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do. I knew a few people who decided to __16__ the shower. They knew it was __17__ going to get warmer, so why prolong the inevitable (必然的)? I was able to stay in because I contented myself by __18__ the showers of my youth.”‎ Later on that day, after dinner, I saw him __19__ in the chair. I thought about waking him up but decided not to disturb him. I hoped he was __20__ the dreams of his youth and remembering the warmth of days gone by, the days before the water ran cold.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。记住那些温暖的过往岁月，坦然面对岁月的流逝，生命的苍老。‎ ‎1．A.result B．question C．process D．method 答案：B　根据第一句可知，作者提出一个问题，故填question。‎ ‎2．A.shock B．depression C．decline D．emergency 答案：C　由下文可知，由于祖父没有精力(energy)去维持庭院昔日的光辉，所以庭院处于衰败(decline)的状态。‎ ‎3．A.energy B．fortune C．talent D．space 答案：A　energy “精力”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.loss B．aging C．yard D．tea 答案：B　根据第一段第一句中的“grow old”可知，作者的问题是有关衰老(aging)的。‎ ‎5．A.strong B．dry C．short D．cold 答案：D　根据文章最后一段中的“ran cold”可知该空答案为D。‎ ‎6．A.relies on B．comes up C．slows down D．feels like 答案：D　根据下文可知，祖父认为那就是所谓的衰老，故填feels like。‎ ‎7．A.At least B．Above all C．At first D．After all 答案：C　根据该空格前的“In the beginning of your life”可知，该空填At first与之相呼应。‎ ‎8．A.style B．life C．heat D．treatment 答案：C　根据该空格前的“too warm”可知，填heat符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.young B．poor C．sick D．quiet 答案：A　根据第6空格后的“In the beginning of your life”可知，该空指当你年轻的(young)时候。‎ ‎10．A.For B．But C．So D．Or 答案：B　上文讲述年轻时的情形，下文给出40～50岁后的变化，前后之间为对比关系，故填But。‎ ‎11．A.promise B．prove C．pretend D．hesitate 答案：C　该空前提到，水温下降了一点。你却试着假装(pretend)感觉不到它的变化，仍然将水龙头开大，以期保暖。‎ ‎12．A.calm B．warm C．awake D．healthy 答案：B　此处表示保暖，所以选warm。‎ ‎13．A.imagine B．regret C．decide D．realize 答案：D　直到有一天你意识到(realize)那个水龙头无法再开大了，水温开始下降了，你逐渐(gradually)感觉到温暖离你而去。‎ ‎14．A.gradually B．hardly C．gratefully D．luckily 答案：A　gradually “逐渐地”，符合语境，故选A。‎ ‎15．A.definite B．helpless C．glorious D．curious 答案：B　根据该空格后的“you know it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do”可知，明知水温将变冷，而你却什么事也做不了，这是一种相当无助的(helpless)感觉。‎ ‎16．A.accept B．find C．leave D．trust 答案：C　根据第17空格后的“why prolong the inevitable (必然的)? I was able to stay in”可知，有些人会选择离开(leave)淋浴，因为他们知道淋浴的水永远不会(never)再变暖了。‎ ‎17．A.even B．never C．ever D．often 答案：B　never “永远不”，符合语境，故选B。‎ ‎18．A.understanding B．admitting C．breaking D．recalling 答案：D　祖父喜欢回忆(recalling)青春岁月。‎ ‎19．A.sleeping B．sitting C．reading D．working 答案：A　根据该空格后的“waking him up”可知，祖父在椅子上睡着了(sleeping)。‎ ‎20．A.refusing B．explaining C．dreaming D．forgetting 答案：C　作者希望祖父可以梦到(dreaming)他过往的青春梦想，记得那些温暖岁月。‎ 强化特训10　议论文和说明文(二)(限时：35分钟)‎ ‎ [1]‎ What are you passionate about? I'm passionate about cycling. If I'm not __1__， I'm thinking about my next biking trip. When asked why I like biking, the answer is __2__： biking is a way of life for me. It gives me a sense of __3__ and accomplishment. I love having the liberty to jump on a vehicle that's completely __4__ by my own strength.‎ As a commuter, I find a bicycle to be the __5__ form of transportation. __6__， it is super environmentally friendly, economically friendly and compact. Parking is __7__ a problem. If __8__， I can simply carry it with me up the elevator or stairs. I also don't have to __9__ the crowds, nor do I have to __10__ or run for a bus or train. I'm on my own schedule.‎ Time on my bike __11__ me to reflect on the day and observe my surroundings. The ride is never __12__. On top of all this, I get exercise and __13__ stress! Usually one's destination is regarded as the most important part of a trip. But by bike more often than not, the __14__ is the more exciting part.‎ At first I biked for practical reasons. The idea of biking as a __15__， especially up a hill, made me cringe (退缩). I thought it would be too hard and too __16__. Why would I torture myself like that? __17__， after successfully ascending a hill on my first attempt, I was hooked. Now __18__ a couple of days pass and I haven't ridden up a hill, something doesn't feel right.‎ Invented in 1817, the bicycle still ranks as one of the best __19__ of all time. Personally, I think the bike should become society's main mode of transportation. __20__ how some of today's major problems might be solved. There would be less air pollution and fewer car accidents or traffic jams.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。对于作者来说，骑自行车是一种生活方式，既让自己享有自由感，又有一种成就感。作者喜欢能自由自在地跳上一台完全靠自己的力量来驱动的交通工具的那种感觉。‎ ‎1．A.thinking B．traveling C．talking D．biking 答案：D　根据该空格前的“I'm passionate about cycling.”可知，该空填biking符合语境。‎ ‎2．A.useful B．correct C．simple D．logical 答案：C　根据该空格后的内容可知，作者喜欢自行车的原因很简单(simple)。‎ ‎3．A.freedom B．duty C．humor D．security 答案：A　根据该空格后的“love having the liberty to jump on a vehicle”可知，自行车是让作者完全可以靠自己的力量来驱动(powered)的一种交通工具，这让作者享有自由感(freedom)和成就感。‎ ‎4．A.shared B．powered C．examined D．repaired 答案：B　power “驱动”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.complex B．perfect C．early D．rare 答案：B　根据该空后列举的一系列好处可知，作者认为自行车是完美的(perfect)交通工具。‎ ‎6．A.To begin with B．By all means C．As a result D．By the way 答案：A　该空引出自行车的第一个优点，故填To begin with。‎ ‎7．A.often B．ever C．never D．still 答案：C　根据下一句可知，停自行车从来都不(never)是一个问题。‎ ‎8．A.not B．so C．necessary D．practical 答案：C　如果有必要(necessary)，作者可以扛着自行车上电梯或楼梯。‎ ‎9．A.deal with B．look into C．point out D．rely on 答案：A　骑自行车让作者不必应对(deal with)人群，也不必等候或追赶公交车。‎ ‎10．A.see B．miss C．drive D．wait 答案：D　此处表示“等公交车”，故wait符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.teaches B．allows C．requires D．forces 答案：B　骑自行车的时间能让(allows)作者反思当天的事情，观察周遭环境。骑自行车的过程永远不会无聊(dull)。除此之外，作者可以锻炼并舒缓(relieve)压力。‎ ‎12．A.happy B．dull C．easy D．unique 答案：B　dull “无聊”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.create B．suffer C．value D．relieve 答案：D　relieve “减轻”，符合语境。‎ ‎14．A.journey B．result C．dream D．preparation 答案：A　根据该空格前的But提示可知，该空与前一句中的destination形成对比，故填journey。‎ ‎15．A.goal B．chance C．challenge D．decision 答案：C　根据该空格后的“made me cringe (退缩)”可知，作者不想把骑自行车当作一种挑战(challenge)。‎ ‎16．A.surprising B．puzzling C．tiring D．embarrassing 答案：C　根据第15空格后的“especially up a hill”以及hard可知，该空填 tiring符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 答案：B　该空前后两句意义上转折，故填However。‎ ‎18．A.since B．although C．unless D．if 答案：D　如今如果(if)几天过去，而作者没有骑车上山的话，就会感觉哪里不对劲。‎ ‎19．A.designs B．selections C．inventions D．instructions 答案：C　根据该空格前的Invented可知，该空填inventions。‎ ‎20．A.Imagine B．Prove C．Claim D．Explore 答案：A　根据该空格前作者的观点：作者认为自行车应成为社会的主要交通工具。接着作者让大家想象(Imagine)一下，通过这种方式可以解决多少当今的重大问题。‎ ‎[2]‎ Why dogs eat grass These summer days, when I take my dog Raja for a walk, he always wants to stop and eat grass. However, __1__ there are many other grasses nearby, he always __2__ wheatgrass.‎ I've read that dogs eat grass because they want to vomit (呕吐) or they are having digestive troubles. Raja __3__ to vomit. He will do anything to keep from vomiting, so that doesn't seem to be the __4__. I feed him pretty wet food, and he __5__ it very well, with well－formed stools (粪便). Digestive troubles do not seem to apply to Raja either. So I decided to __6__ a little bit into the __7__ dog literature to see what I could find.‎ One recent study approached grass eating in dogs with the hypothesis (假说) that grass may __8__ digestive distress (痛苦). In that study, the __9__ fed dogs a diet that produced loose, watery stools, to mimic (模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset. They __10__ fed the dogs a standard diet that produced __11__ stools, and gave the dogs two types of grasses to eat during each experimental condition. The __12__ were that the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet than when they ate the diet that __13__ the digestive upset. So much for that hypothesis.‎ Then there's vomiting.‎ I found another __14__ that looked at whether dogs vomit more when they eat grass. In it, they surveyed 1,571 dog owners on the Internet and __15__ that 79 percent of the dogs ate grass, and of these, only 9 percent were __16__ before they ate the grass, and 22 percent vomited __17__ eating the grass. These results show that the vomiting hypothesis doesn't seem to be __18__ either. So why do dogs eat grass?‎ Ask yourself that question the next time you __19__ a delicious salad. My __20__ is ... because it tastes good.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者发现自己的狗很喜欢吃草，于是查阅了大量资料，希望能找到答案。‎ ‎1．A.although B．unless C．since D．because 答案：A　“尽管(although)”附近还有许多别的草，但是，作者的狗Raja总是会走向(heads for)麦草。‎ ‎2．A.looks at B．heads for C．waits for D．gives up 答案：B　head for “走向”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.pretends B．fails C．stops D．hates 答案：D　根据下文中的“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja “讨厌(hates)”呕吐。‎ ‎4．A.concern B．process C．answer D．detail 答案：C　结合上文中的“dogs eat grass because they want to vomit (呕吐)”和“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja吃草不是想呕吐，所以这个不是“答案(answer)”。‎ ‎5．A.mixes B．digests C．handles D．divides 答案：B　结合上文中的“I feed him pretty wet food”和下文中的“with well－formed stools (粪便)”可知，Raja“消化(digests)”得很好。‎ ‎6．A.dig B．move C．fall D．cut 答案：A　根据上文内容可知，作者没有找到答案，于是决定对有关文献做更深入的“探究(dig)”。‎ ‎7．A.scientific B．descriptive C．imaginative D．traditional 答案：A　根据下文中的study可知，作者查看的是“科学(scientific)”文献。‎ ‎8．A.send B．produce C．reduce D．further 答案：C　根据下文中的“In that study, the ... fed dogs a diet ... to mimic (模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset.”可以推知，这一研究建立在狗吃草是为了“减轻(reduce)”消化痛苦的假说基础之上。‎ ‎9．A.owners B．farmers C．doctors D．researchers 答案：D　由上文中的study可知，“研究者(researchers)”给狗喂了一些容易引起它们腹泻的食物。‎ ‎10．A.just B．even C．thus D．also 答案：D　本句与上句是并列关系，他们“还(also)”喂了标准的狗粮。‎ ‎11．A.normal B．fresh C．smelly D．hard 答案：A　根据上文中的“fed the dogs a standard diet”可以推知，狗的排泄物应该是“正常的(normal)”。‎ ‎12．A.secrets B．results C．solutions D．ideas 答案：B　经过实验之后，研究者得出了“结果(results)”。‎ ‎13．A.caused B．ignored C．meant D．treated 答案：A　根据上文中的“produced loose, watery stools”可知，与标准的狗粮相比，这些食物容易“引起(caused)”狗肠胃不适。‎ ‎14．A.post B．study C．exercise D．course 答案：B　根据上文中的study可知，作者又找到了另一份“研究报告(study)”。‎ ‎15．A.believed B．checked C．found D．expected 答案：C　研究者通过调查“发现(found)”79%的狗都吃草。‎ ‎16．A.anxious B．sick C．hungry D．sad 答案：B　根据上文中的“digestive troubles”可以推知，有些狗“生病(sick)”之后会吃草。‎ ‎17．A.if B．until C．after D．before 答案：C　根据上文中的“before they ate the grass”可以推知，22%的狗吃草“后(after)”会呕吐。‎ ‎18．A.interesting B．strange C．impossible D．reasonable 答案：D　本段所列数据也表明上文中假说的内容“grass may ... digestive distress (痛苦)”不“合理(reasonable)”。‎ ‎19．A.discover B．serve C．eat ．cook 答案：C　根据下文中的“tastes good”可知，当你下次“吃(eat)”沙拉时，也可以问自己这个问题。‎ ‎20．A.news B．argument C．promise D．guess 答案：D　经过查阅科研文献，作者并没有弄明白狗吃草的原因，所以，他“猜想(guess)”也许狗吃草只是因为草好吃，就像自己吃美味的沙拉一样。‎