【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解分话题训练　人物传记类（4篇含有解析）学案（7页） 7页

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解分话题训练　人物传记类 A Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. ‎ However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆形)．‎ Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart. ‎ This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more his thought that there had been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.‎ It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain thought to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley’s comet, in his honour. ‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了科学家哈雷以及他的发现。‎ ‎1．Halley made his discovery ________. ‎ A．by doing experiments B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the working of other scientists D．by chance 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知，哈雷的发现是从其他科学家的观察中得出来的。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE? ‎ A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist. ‎ B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments. ‎ C．Isaac Newton was a famous mathematician. ‎ D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a round. ‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。从文章首句可知A项错误；从第一段第二句可知，B项错误； 根据牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。‎ ‎3．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of________. ‎ A．some different comets appearing several times B．the same comet appearing at different times C．three different comets appearing at the same time D．several comets appearing at the same time 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章的第四段的第四句及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。‎ ‎4．This passage in general is about________. ‎ A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley D．Halley and his discovery 解析：选D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了科学家哈雷以及他的发现。‎ B Billboard Music Awards of the Year 2015 goes to Taylor Swift, a singersongwriter, who has shaped and inspired the American music industry with her success.‎ When Taylor Swift first came to public notice, she was a 17yearold newcomer who loved singing to her own guitar. She was far more enthusiastic than skilled, but apparently threw spark of superb talent.‎ Four years later, Swift has become a multiawards winner, with the biggest selling albums. For her consummate performance, Taylor Swift was named Billboard magazine’s woman in 2011. She is the youngest artist to receive honors and several Billboard Music Awards, among them Top Country Album for the fivetime platinum (白金) selling Speak Now, her third album that was released that year.‎ ‎“Taylor has shown the power of good songwriting with music of styles，” said Bill Werde, Billboard’s editorial director. “And at such a young age, Taylor has already made a major impact on music and has been an unbelievable role model for promising artists and young woman everywhere.”‎ Swift is used to breaking chart records and winning honors since her career started. She followed that up in 2008 with Fearless, which established her as a skilled songwriter with several hits, including Love Story, You Belong With Me and White Horse.‎ Not surprisingly, the 6time platinum Fearless is the most awarded album in country music history in the US and her overall worldwide sales now reach 20 million albums and 40 million songs downloads. Swift has spent the past year on the Speak Now World Tour in support of her third album, and now she’s getting ready to go further.‎ According to a recent interview with The New Yorker magazine, Swift has so far written about 10 songs for a 2016 album. She said the new album is about feelings of growing up and becoming an adult.‎ ‎“They’re sad if I’m being honest，” Swift told The New Yorker. “They’re about my heartbreaks and my moving on. But more importantly, they are about achieving contentment. You’re not always going to be ridiculously happy as you grow up.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Taylor Swift ——一个非常有音乐天赋的女孩，获得了众多奖项，尽管年纪轻轻，但是她在音乐上所取得的一系列成就震撼了整个乐坛，成为激励艺人及年轻女性的楷模。‎ ‎5．As a newcomer in the shown business, Taylor Swift was considered to be ________.‎ A．a skilled songwriter　 　B．an outstanding artist C．an energetic director D．a promising talent 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知，Taylor Swift第一次走进观众视野时就展现出了过人的才华。故选D。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “consummate” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”．‎ A．confident B．professional C．excellent D．different 解析：选C　词义猜测题。联系上下文并结合语境可知，美国乡村音乐歌手Taylor Swift年纪轻轻就已成为国际巨星，她在乐坛的表现可谓成绩斐然。由此可知，画线词应意为“杰出的，极好的”，excellent的意思与之最接近。故选C。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Speak Now is Taylor Swift’s third album.‎ B．Fearless marked the beginning of Swift’s career.‎ C．Swift’s new album is about feelings of grownups.‎ D．Swift has gained Billboard magazine’s woman twice.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Speak Now是Swift的第三张专辑，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．This passage is mainly about “________”．‎ A．A Rising Music Genius B．Taylor’s Heartbreaks in Growth C．An Interview with Taylor Swift D．Billboard Music Awards in America 解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了尽管Taylor Swift年纪轻轻，但是她在音乐上所取得的一系列成就震撼了整个乐坛，成为激励艺人及年轻女性的楷模。故A项“一个冉冉升起的音乐天才”符合文章大意。故选A。‎ C The United States of America was founded in 1776 after the 13 independent American states rose up against the ruling British, defeated them in the American Revolutionary War, and signed the Declaration of Independence, the document which declared the creation of the new country.‎ The men who led the revolution, drafted the Declaration of Independence, and wrote the first American laws are known as “founding fathers”. Benjamin Franklin, whose picture is on the US 100dollar note, was appointed to prepare the Declaration that was eventually signed by the other founding fathers.‎ Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston to a soap maker named Josiah Franklin. His father could not afford full schooling for all his children, but Benjamin loved books and worked in his elder brother’s printing business before starting a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729. He wrote and drew cartoons for the newspaper. In addition, he worked to improve living conditions in the city: introducing street lights, cleaning the roads and building libraries. In the 1740s, Franklin retired from his newspaper and turned to science with great success. He was a very smart man and his work on electricity, including the “kite experiment” which confirmed the nature of lightning, made him famous throughout the world.‎ Franklin earned the title of the “First American” for his efforts to unite the 13 American states, and to win their independence. This part of the story starts in London. He was sent to the city to persuade the British to treat the American states more fairly. It was here that he began interacting with important political thinkers and activists of the time and developing his own political ideas.‎ Following his return to America in 1761 he became much more active in American politics and in the battle against British rule.‎ After the United States of America was established, Franklin held several important positions such as the first United States Postmaster General, Ambassador to France and President of Pennsylvania. He is also famous today for his wise sayings, including “a penny saved is a penny earned” and “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”．‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了美国开国元勋之一Benjamin ‎ Franklin一生中的重大事件，尤其是他对美国社会政治发展方面所做出的杰出贡献以及在其他领域取得的成绩。‎ ‎9．How did Franklin begin developing his own political thinking?‎ A．By discussing ideas with political activists in Britain.‎ B．By persuading the 13 American states to unite.‎ C．By fighting against British rule in America.‎ D．By writing articles for his own newspaper.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Franklin被派往伦敦以劝服英国人更公平地对待美国；结合最后一句可知，Franklin通过在伦敦和政治思想家、积极分子交流形成了自己的政治理念。故A项正确。‎ ‎10．What can be inferred about Franklin from the article?‎ A．His most important contribution was in science.‎ B．He was the leader of the “founding fathers”．‎ C．He was successful in many different areas.‎ D．He came from a very wealthy family.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，Franklin在文化、科学、政治等诸多领域都取得了成功。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．What is the correct order for the following events from Franklin’s life?‎ a．He started a newspaper business.‎ b．He carried out the kite experience on electricity.‎ c．He worked for his brother in a printing company.‎ d．He was appointed the Ambassador to France.‎ e．He helped write the Declaration of Independence.‎ f．He visited England to discuss independence.‎ A．e，c，a，b，f，d B．c，a，b，f，e，d C．a，c，f，b，d，e D．f，d，a，b，c，e 解析：选B　事件排序题。根据第三段可知，他最先在哥哥的印刷厂工作，然后于1729年创建了一份报纸；接下来在18世纪40年代(1740s)成功完成风筝实验；而后在美国独立之前他被派去英国谈判；之后帮助起草《独立宣言》；在美国独立之后成为驻法国大使，所以正确顺序应为c，a，b，f，e，d。故B项正确。‎ ‎12．What is the article mainly about?‎ A．The American Declaration of Independence.‎ B．Franklin’s contributions to American society.‎ C．The American War of Independence.‎ D．Benjamin Franklin’s early life.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国开国元勋Benjamin Franklin对美国社会发展所做出的巨大贡献。故B项正确。‎ D Reuel Tolkien (1892－1973), the British linguist, writer. He created a fantasy novel “The Lord of the Rings” the wellknown trilogy (三部曲)．‎ Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa. When he was 4 years old, his father died and his family moved back to England. Tolkien graduated from Oxford University when he was 23 years old, and participated in the First World War. During the war, Tolkien suffered from “trench fever” and stayed in the hospital until the end of World War Ⅰ. It was the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.‎ After the war, Tolkien became a linguist. He was an editor of the “New English Dictionary” of 1918－1920. However, he was more researching into AngloSaxon language which makes his extensive contacts in Britain and the Nordic spread all over the folklore and mythology.‎ In 1937, Tolkien completed his first work “The Hobbit”．Although this was a fairy tale, it was also suitable for adults to read. Because of good sales, the publisher Allen & Unwin convinced Tolkien to write its sequel.This encouraged Tolkien to complete his most famous works the epic (史诗) trilogy “The Lord of the Rings”. The works of writing went on for almost a year with the support from his good friend Lewis.‎ At the beginning “The Lord of the Rings” was similar works for children, but after that writing style quickly became serious and dark. “The Lord of the Rings” was one of the most popular literary works in the 20th century in terms of sales and readers’ evaluation. Tolkien’s influence is important, for the success of “The Lord of the Rings” makes the fantasy novels of this literature genre (体裁) develop rapidly.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了《指环王》的作者Reuel Tolkien的生平。他早年丧父，后来参加了第一次世界大战。战时患上“战壕热”，在医院期间他开始了他的写作生涯。‎ ‎13．When did Tolkien take part in World War Ⅰ？‎ A．1896 B．1915‎ C．1916 D．1937‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Reuel Tolkien (1892－1973)”以及第二段的第三句可知，Reuel Tolkien生于1892年，他23岁时参加了第一次世界大战；据此可以判断，他是在1915年参加第一次世界大战的，故B项正确。‎ ‎14．Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．Tolkien’s father died of “trench fever”. ‎ B．Tolkien wrote the “New English Dictionary” himself.‎ C．“The Lord of the Rings” was finished about half a year. ‎ D．Tolkien began his writing career in the hospital.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“It was the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.”可知，Tolkien是在医院开始他的写作生涯的，故D项正确。‎ ‎15．The underlined word “evaluation” in the last paragraph is close to the meaning of ________.‎ A．opinion B．value C．interest D．hobby 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，“The Lord of the Rings”是二十世纪最受欢迎的文学作品之一，这是读者和书商的评价；据此可以判断，画线词意为“评价”，故A项“观点，看法”正确。‎