【英语】2018届语法二轮复习状语从句学案（12页） 13页

‎2018届语法二轮复习 状语从句 ‎ 真题搜索 单句改错 ‎1．(2015·浙江) If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.‎ ‎2．(2014·新课标Ⅰ) Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．If → Although/Though句意：在那间教室学习时尽管我还是一个小孩，但是我绝不会忘记。分析句子间的语义关系可知，前面从句表示对主句的让步，而并不是条件。‎ ‎2．but → yet或去掉but句意：尽管我们让圣女果树在同一地方年复一年地生长，但是我们从未遇到任何疾病或昆虫侵害之类的问题。从属连词与并列连词不可连用，但如果删去连词although则其句子的主语we须大写首字母，显然不符合命题要求，故去掉but或把but改为yet。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，65) Over time，________ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ ‎2．(2016·四川，66) ________ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京，33) I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.‎ ‎4．(2015·北京，32) ________ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.‎ ‎5．(2015·江苏，26) It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎6．(2015·天津，12) We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.‎ ‎7．(2014·山东，2) I don't really like the author，________ I have to admit his books are very exciting.‎ ‎8．(2014·江西，35) It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.‎ ‎9．(2014·陕西，24) The young couple who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.‎ ‎10．(2014·湖南，26)You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.‎ ‎11．(2013·安徽，23) It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.‎ ‎12．(2013·湖南，23) You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision.‎ ‎13．(2013·重庆，25) ________ we have enough evidence，we can't win the case.‎ ‎14．(2013·辽宁，24) One can always manage to do more things，no matter ________ full one's schedule is in life.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．as/when句意：经过一段时间，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样熟得更快。as/when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．When/If句意：当它哭的时候，她来回摇晃它并且安慰地拍拍它。用when来引导时间状语从句，或用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果……”。‎ ‎3．because句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松，让我不去想一天中别的烦心事。根据句意可知，这里用because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎4．Once/If/When句意：一旦农田被破坏，那得需要许多年才能修复。根据句意可知，前一句是后一句的前提或条件，须用表示“如果”或“一旦”或“当……的时候”的连词引导状语从句。‎ ‎5．unless句意：天气很冷，如果你没有穿厚衣服就别出去了。根据句意可知，这里需要一个表示“如果不”的连词引导条件状语从句，unless符合。‎ ‎6．before句意：在解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．(al)though句意：我实在是不喜欢那位作家，尽管我不得不承认他的作品非常激动人心。根据句意判断，两句之间是让步关系，故可填连词(al)though“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎8．when句意：午夜时分，父亲叫醒我，告诉我看足球比赛。when“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎9．before句意：将丢失钱包归还给我的那对年轻夫妇，在我问他们的姓名之前就已经离开了。结合句意可知，此处填before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。‎ ‎10．unless句意：如果你不全身心投入工作，你就不可能获得成功。根据主从句的句意及逻辑关系可知，后面句子为前面句子的条件，故填unless。‎ ‎11．when/if句意：当/如果你们有相同的兴趣爱好，就 很容易成为朋友。根据句意可知，这里需要表示“当”或“如果”含义的连词，故可用when或if。‎ ‎12．before句意：在做任何决定之前，你都必须要权衡你的情感和理智。根据句意可知，这里应该是由before引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎13．Unless句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们就赢不了这个案子。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里应该是unless引导的条件状语从句，意思是“除非，如果不……”，相当于if...not。‎ ‎14．how句意：无论一个人的生活日程有多么满，他总能设法做更多的事情。“no matter＋疑问词”结构引导让步状语从句，疑问词修饰full，表示程度用how。no matter how“无论多么……”。‎ 状语从句在短文改错和短文填空中的运用 ‎1．分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结构，查看句子连接是否正确。‎ ‎2．理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及引导词在句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。‎ ‎ (2015·陕西) My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ ‎【解析】after → when/while句意：我唯一的错误是在我将它们打包的时候掉了一些在地上。根据句意及was packing可知，drop应该在was packing up期间发生。‎ 状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的引导词确定正确答案。‎ ‎ (2015·陕西，20) I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else.‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁，69) Oh...，________ you don't mind，I'll stop and...‎ ‎【解析】once句意：我相信，一旦你慢慢认识了其他人，你就会在这儿玩得很开心。once引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”，符合语境。‎ ‎【解析】if句意：哦……如果你不介意的话，我就停下来……此处表示的是“如果你不介意的话……”，所以填if，引导条件状语从句。‎ 语法知识回顾 ‎(一) 时间状语从句 ‎ when，while，as的用法 一般情况下，若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句是一个持续性动作，三者都可以用。‎ ‎(1) when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语可以用非延续性动词，也可以用延续性动词，而while从句中的谓语必须是延续性动词。‎ ‎ Were you writing when the teacher came in?‎ When/While my mother was cleaning the room，I was washing my clothes.‎ ‎(2)when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生；while则强调主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。‎ ‎ When the clock struck twelve，all the lights went out.‎ While they were talking，the bell rang.‎ ‎(3) as引导的从句的动作与主句动作同时发生。若从句动作的时间概念淡化而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。‎ ‎ The students took notes as they listened.‎ The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.‎ ‎ before的用法 before引导时间状语从句时表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，翻译时比较灵活，常译为“在……之前；不等……就；……之后才”。‎ ‎ Check your report carefully before you hand it in.‎ ‎ The film had already begun before they got to the cinema.‎ ‎ Several days had gone by before I knew my dictionary was lost.‎ ‎ until/till的用法 ‎(1) 主句是肯定句时，主句的谓语用延续性动词，指动作一直持续到从句谓语表示的动作发生为止，意为“直到……”。‎ ‎ You may stay here until school is over.‎ I waited for him in the office until the meeting was over.‎ ‎(2) 主句是否定句时，主句的谓语用短暂性动词，指动作一直到从句谓语表示的动作发生时才开始，意为“直到……才……”。‎ ‎ He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.‎ ‎ since的用法 ‎(1) since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，谓语通常是短暂性动词，主句常用完成时态。‎ ‎ I have been teaching in this school since I left college.‎ ‎(2) since常出现在“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”句式中，表示“自从……以来已经多长时间”。从句谓语动词是延续性动词或表示状态的静态动词，从句表示的时间是从该动作结束时算起；从句谓语是短暂性动词，则从该动作开始时算起。‎ ‎ It's been two years since we came here.‎ ‎ It's been a year since I smoked.‎ ‎ 表示“一……就……”的引导词的用法 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment/minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when等引导时间状语从句时，都表示“一……就……”之意。‎ ‎ The moment/minute the little girl saw her mother，she burst out crying.(＝The little girl burst out crying immediately she saw her mother.)‎ ‎ No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.‎ ‎ Hardly had I walked into the house when the phone rang.‎ 名词(短语)the moment，the minute，each time，every time，any time，the first/last time也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(二) 原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般用because，as，since等来引导。‎ ‎ because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问。‎ ‎ She's got the job because she has the advantage of knowing many languages.‎ ‎ since语气稍弱，表示对方已经知晓的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”。‎ ‎ Since it was late，I shall go home now.‎ Since we are free，let's go to the cinema.‎ ‎ as语气最弱，往往不是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。‎ ‎ As he wasn't there，we left a message.‎ ‎(三)让步状语从句 ‎ 让步状语从句一般用(al)though，as，while，even though/if，no matter＋疑问词，疑问词ever引导。‎ ‎ Though he had a cold，he still worked in his office.‎ ‎ While I like the style of the coat，I do not like its color.‎ ‎ He will come on time even if it rains.‎ ‎ as引导让步状语从句时，‎ 从句的表语、状语、谓语部分的实义动词需置于句首，若表语是可数名词单数，其前不能有冠词。‎ ‎ Proud as they are，they are afraid to see me.‎ Try as he might，he still couldn't lift the big case.‎ Child as he is，he learns many things from the books.‎ ‎ 疑问词ever与“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句时可以互换。‎ ‎ Keep calm，whatever/no matter what happens.‎ Wherever/No matter where you go，I'll go with you.‎ 疑问词ever既可以引导让步状语从句也可以引导名词性从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎(四) 目的状语从句 目的状语从句用so that，in order that，in case引导，从句谓语常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词。当主从句主语一致时，可以把从句转化成不定式。‎ ‎ We turned on the light so that we could see clearly what it was.→We turned on the light so as to see clearly what it was.‎ ‎ I don't think Susan will be sad but I'll go and comfort her in case ‎ she is.‎ ‎(五) 结果状语从句 结果状语从句用so...that...，such...that，so that引导。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，修饰名词，名词前有表示数量的little(少)，few，many，much等修饰时用so。‎ ‎ He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.‎ He earned so little money that he could hardly support his family.‎ It was such delicious food that they ate it up.‎ The teacher spoke loud so that everybody heard him.‎ ‎(六) 地点状语从句 地点状语从句用where，wherever引导。‎ ‎ Where there is smoke，there is fire.‎ You can put the book wherever you like.‎ ‎(七) 条件状语从句 条件状语从句用if，unless，as/so long as等引导，unless相当于if...not。‎ ‎ I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.‎ I'm happy as long as you are happy.‎ ‎(八) 方式状语从句 方式状语从句用as，as if/though引导。as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气(但是当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气)。‎ ‎ You must do the work as you are told.‎ She treats her husband as if he were a stranger.‎ It looks as if it's going to rain.‎ ‎(九) 比较状语从句 比较状语从句由as，than引导，从句中通常省略与主句相同的部分，或用助动词do，does，did代替与主句部分相同的谓语。‎ ‎ There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town.‎ She's a better player than (she was) last year.‎