【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习巩固训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错1重点1考点2 4页

第一编　专题四　第1讲　重点一　考点2‎ 提分单句训练 Ⅰ. 单句填空 ‎❶　(2018·鹰潭二模)Garl Hearn，a local official，said officials had to take it down as they were worried about drivers __stopping__ (stop) in front of sign in order to take photographs. ‎ 解析：句意：一个当地官员卡尔·和恩说官员们不得不拿下它因为他们担心为了在告示牌前面照相停下的司机们。drivers与stop是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎❷　(2018·北京海淀区二模)Like great athletes or scientists，great teachers have the ability __to inspire__ (inspire) others as well. ‎ 解析：句意：就像伟大的运动员和科学家一样，伟大的老师也有激励他人的能力。the ability to do sth. “做某事的能力”。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，常见的该类名词有ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，opportunity，attempt，way等。‎ ‎❸　(2018·北京西城区二模)We are in complete agreement with the suggestions __mentioned__ (mention) in your letter. ‎ 解析：句意：我们完全同意你在信中提出的建议。mention与the suggestions是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。 in agreement with“同意”。‎ ‎❹　(2018·山大附中三模)In nineteenth sixty，Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman __to win__ (win) three gold medals in one Olympics. ‎ 解析：句意：在1960年，威尔玛鲁道夫成为第一个在一届奥运会上获得三块金牌的美国女人。当名词被序数词修饰，且该名词与作定语的非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，需用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎❺　(2018·济南一模)Suddenly，I felt someone __moving__ (move) my luggage. I opened my eyes and looked up. ‎ 解析：句意：突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬起头来。feel sb. doing sth. “感觉某人正在做某事”。‎ 练有小得：常用不定式作宾语的动词有afford，agree，choose，demand，decide，determine，expect，hope，manage，refuse，want，wish，offer，pretend，promise等。‎ ‎❻　(2018·保定一模)Meilun is very lively，often __jumping__ (jump) onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. ‎ 解析：句意：美仑很活泼，经常跳到屋顶上从一个轨道上倒挂着。Meilun与jump是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎❼　(2018·皖北二模) __Seeing__ (see) our returning to the car，Dad was eager to hear all ‎ about what we’d seen. ‎ 解析： 句意：看见我们回到车上，爸爸渴望听到所有我们所看到的事情。Dad与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎❽　(2018·唐山一模)It is polite __to offer__ (offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands. ‎ 解析： it is polite to do sth. “做某事是有礼貌的”，在该句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。‎ ‎❾　(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time __spent__ (spend) with his students. ‎ 解析：句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有谓语了，spend和time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。‎ 　(2018·深圳二模)Though __caught__ (catch) in the rain unexpectedly，we still treasured the memory and will always recall the warmth and kindness of the Chinese couple. ‎ 解析：句意：尽管出乎意料地遭遇到大雨，我们仍然珍惜这段记忆并且永远会回忆起这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。be caught in“遭遇……”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。考生容易将catch的过去式和过去分词写为catched，catched。‎ 练有小得：需熟记的几个短语 be caught in(遭遇)；be buried in(专心；埋于)；be lost in(迷路；迷失)；be dressed in(穿着)； be stuck in(困于；卡在)； be hidden(藏身)；be addicted to(沉溺于)等短语，在句中作状语或补语用过去分词形式。‎ 　(2018·金丽衢二模)But Jie declined the invitation， __preferring__ (prefer) to lead a quiet life with his mother in the mountains. ‎ 解析：句意：但是介子推拒绝了邀请，他宁愿和母亲在山中过安静的生活。Jie与prefer是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。注意prefer的现在分词形式要双写最后一个字母r。‎ 　(2018·泸州四模)The engineers say the new material could provide an alternative to air conditioners，which are expensive __to run__ (run). ‎ 解析：句意：工程师们说这种新型材料可替代空调，空调开起来太贵了。不定式和句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ 练有小得：动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词后，构成“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ 　The hall was dark when I came in； the show was about __to begin__ (begin). ‎ 解析：‎ 句意：当我进去时，大厅里一片漆黑，演出马上就要开始了。结合句意判断此处考查固定搭配be about to do sth. “马上/即将做某事”，故空格处填to begin。‎ 错解分析：考生极易忽视句意理解，误认为设空处于介词about之后，而填动名词beginning作宾语，about doing意为“关于做某事”。‎ 　(2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， __exceeding__ (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000个的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。‎ 　(2016·上海卷) __Wondering__ (wonder) how my mum could consume so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. ‎ 解析：句意：想知道妈妈怎么吃菜这么快，我两周来开始观察她的日常活动。I与wonder是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ Ⅱ. 单句改错 ‎❶　(2018·海口二模)When talked about sport，I always felt very exciting，because I like it so much. __talked→talking； exciting→excited__ ‎ 解析：句意：当谈论运动时，我总是很兴奋，因为我非常喜欢运动。I与talk是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。在句中作表语说明主语I的心理感受时，表“兴奋的”，应用excited。‎ ‎❷　(2018·南充三模)As for me，if I have a better idea，I will choose stick to it. __choose后加to__ ‎ 解析：句意：就我而言，如果我有更好的主意，我会坚持我的主意。choose to do sth. “选择做某事”，stick to sth. “坚持某事”。‎ ‎❸　(2018·石家庄一模)In the beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. __make→making__ ‎ 解析：句意：一开始，我在我们的口语课上总是保持沉默以避免犯错误。avoid后需接动名词作宾语，故make改为making。‎ ‎❹　(2018·枣庄二模)Actually，my mother helped me cooked it and I had practiced for several days. __cooked→cook__ ‎ 解析：句意：事实上，妈妈帮我做的菜而且我练了好几天。help sb. (to)do sth. “帮助某人做某事”。‎ ‎❺　(2017·吉林三模)This afternoon I went to the bookstore near my house，only find it was closed. __only后加to__ ‎ 解析：句意：今天下午我去我家附近的书店结果发现书店关门了。only to do sth. 表示出乎意料的结果。‎ 增分写作训练 非谓语动词在写作中的运用可以让阅卷老师眼前一亮。请利用非谓语动词升级以下句式 ‎❶　The Mid－Autumn Festival is approaching. I’d like to invite you to celebrate it with my family. (利用with复合结构升级)‎ ‎ __With the Mid－Autumn Festival approaching， I’d like to invite you to celebrate it with my family. __ ‎ ‎❷　When we saw the bikes in rows on the pavement，we really felt excited. (利用分词作状语升级)‎ ‎ __Seeing the bikes in rows on the pavement， we really felt excited. __ ‎ ‎❸　The family name is shared by billions of Chinese，and has the same pronunciation as yours. (利用分词作定语升级)‎ ‎ __The family name shared by billions of Chinese has the same pronunciation as yours. __ ‎