【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错1重点2 5页

第一编　专题四　第1讲　重点二 第一组 Ⅰ. 语法填空 ‎(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试)‎ The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”. ‎ The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment. ‎ Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said. ‎ Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查介词。固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ 　解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ Ⅱ. 短文改错 ‎(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)‎ After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But，here，please accept this. It’s your mother’s flowers. ”‎ 答案：‎ After the supermarket cashier added my groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I about to remove items from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of . I went this morning, and she got very much angry with me for my money on more flowers. She demanded that I something else with that money. ， here, please accept this. It’s mother’s flowers. ”‎ ‎❶　解析：to改为up。超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。add to表示“添加”，add up“把……加起来”，故此处应把to改为up。‎ ‎❷　解析：am改为was。此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎❸　解析：embarrassed改为embarrassedly。此处用副词embarrassedly“尴尬地”来修饰动词remove。‎ ‎❹　解析：story前加a。 story为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a。‎ ‎❺　解析：flower改为flowers。根据flower是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。a bunch of flowers“一束花”。‎ ‎❻　解析：删除angry前的much。此处修饰形容词angry，应用very，much多余。‎ ‎❼　解析：spend改为spending。介词后应使用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎❽　解析：did改为do。demand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。故把did改为do。‎ ‎❾　解析：But改为So。根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。‎ 　解析：your改为my。根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。‎ 第二组 Ⅰ. 语法填空 ‎(2017年11月浙江高考)‎ Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it’s __1. an__ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement， __2. which__ means yon’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough __4. for__ the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. ‎ One of the __5. effective__ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to __6. really__ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it __7. sounds__ (sound)，and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __8. reading__ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. their__ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words __10. learned/learnt__ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查冠词。此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，又因为单词ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为空前的整句话，且空处在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查介词。青少年时代几个月的锻炼对你的余生来说是不够的。故此处应用介词for，表示“对……来说”。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查形容词。根据空后的ways可知，此处需要用形容词，意为”有效的方法之一”，故填effective。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查副词。你在一周内至少需要真正地读一本好书，最好是一部名著。此处应用副词really修饰动词read。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查主谓一致。这并不像听起来那样难。分析句子结构可知，本句中第二个as引导从句，从句中it是主语，且根据上文的isn’t和全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填sounds。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在while引导的时间状语从句中，动词read的逻辑主语是you，与其构成主谓关系，故填现在分词reading。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后的use是名词，故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。‎ 　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，learn与the words之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。‎ Ⅱ. 短文改错 ‎(2018·福州四校高三联考)‎ When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green，that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful. ‎ 答案：‎ When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark, the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was . When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could ‎ touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful. ‎ ‎❶　解析：that改为which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，应用which指代前面的主句。‎ ‎❷　解析：删除so后的much。考查固定结构。此处表示那里的水是如此清澈以至于“我”甚至可以看到鱼在游泳。so. . . that. . . 表示“如此……以至于……”，为固定结构。‎ ‎❸　解析：gets改为got。考查动词时态。本文讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎❹　解析：it改为that。考查代词。当天变黑的时候，空气比白天的凉些。that表示“同名异物”，而it表示“同名同物”，故此处应用that。‎ ‎❺　解析：out后加of。考查固定搭配。walk out of. . . “从……走出去”为固定搭配。‎ ‎❻　解析：but改为and。考查连词。“我”喜欢和“我”的朋友们玩游戏，并沿着村庄快乐地跑。根据语境可知上下文之间形成并列关系，故用and。‎ ‎❼　解析：highly改为high。考查副词。high表示“高”时，形容词和副词同形，而highly表示“高度地，高水平地”。‎ ‎❽　解析：lighting改为lighted/lit/light。考查动词语态/形容词。此处可表示村庄被照亮了，故用light的过去分词lighted/lit；light除了作名词“光线”外，也可作形容词，意为“明亮的”，故也可用light，在此作表语。‎ ‎❾　解析：star改为stars。考查名词单复数。a few后跟可数名词复数。‎ 　解析：were改为was。考查主谓一致。在这个村庄的生活是很精彩的。主语为第三人称单数，故将were改为was。‎