福建尤溪县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解编练（二） 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 福建尤溪县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解编练（二） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The term“multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain seans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex“moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed(拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that“moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效 率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 1. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking? A. To make them more productive. B. To reduce their stress and anxiety. C. To develop their communication skills. D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily. 2. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called? A. He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged. B. He is probably interrupted by another task. C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called. D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking. 3. People tend to make mistakes when . A. they perform several challenging tasks at a time B. new messages are processed one after another C. their relationships with others are affected D. the tasks require little thought 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Multitasking has become a way of life. B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline. C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved. D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better. 【参考答案】1--4 、ABAB 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2010 北京,D)改编 The Cost of Higher Education Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.Graduates earn more than non-graduates.Meanwhile,social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree.However,only some people have it.So the individual,not the taxpayers,should pay for it.There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities.Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees.He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford,where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government.Guaranteed salaries,Smith argued,were the enemy of hard work,and when the academics were lazy and incompetent,the students were similarly lazy. If students have to pay for their education,they not only work harder,but also demand more from their teachers.And their teachers have to keep them satisfied.If that means taking teaching seriously,and giving less time to their own research interests,that is surely something to celebrate. Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济).Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs.If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive,you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs.Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore,it is the individual,not the government,who should pay for their university education. 1.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to . A.taxpayers B.pressing calls C.college graduates D.government resources 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 2.The author thinks that with full government funding . A.teachers are less satisfied B.students are more demanding C.students will become more competent D.teachers will spend less time on teaching 3.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to . A.argue against free university education B.call on them to finance students’ studies C.encourage graduates to go into business D.show their contribution to higher education 语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者围绕着个人应该为取得高学历付学费这一个观点展开辩论。 答案及剖析:1.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段的最后两句话,有关政府资源方面有很多紧迫的呼声,而使 用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在将来获得高收入并不在这些呼声中,可以判断 them 指的是 pressing calls。 2.D 事实细节题。根据文章的第三段的最后一句话可以判断出本题选择 D 项。 3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段所议论的内容,可以判断出作者提到business 是为了反对大学教育免费。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省茂名市一模】 Six years ago, I walked into a local animal shelter on a cold, rainy day. Although my house was already full of cats and dogs, I still couldn’t resist an occasional visit to the shelter. This time as I was walking down the row of pens full of barking dogs I noticed a small boy looking into one of them. He had a malnourished（营养不良的） looking body and a bony face with a big nose sticking out of the middle of it. He was looking at a small, golden dog. Its bony ribs were showing and its thin tail was folded between its legs. It wasn’t begging for attention like the other puppies but was hiding in the corner instead. The boy looked up at me with sad eyes and asked what was wrong with it. “It was probably abused and abandoned”, I said. “That is why it is so scared.” The boy immediately turned to an older lady and said, “Grandma, I want this one.” The old woman smiled and walked to the front desk to fill out the adoption forms. I followed and asked about 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 the boy. I found out that he’d had a rough start in life too. She had just gotten custody（监 护权） of him after the state had taken him from his parents. She had hoped getting a dog would make it easier on him. I looked back at him, holding his scared puppy, and said a prayer for them both. It was yesterday. I was driving down the road enjoying a gloriously sunny, spring day. Then in a green front yard I saw the boy. His teenage body was tall and strong. His nose no longer seemed big but fit well into his smiling face. He was throwing a ball to a healthy, happy dog with shining golden hair. His little act of love and kindness had indeed gone a long way. It had saved a dog’s life, healed his own heart, and given this middle-aged man fresh hope for us all. 26. The author entered the animal shelter because ____________ . A. he loves dogs and pets B. it was too cold outside C. he wanted to buy a dog D. he wanted to see the boy 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Although my house was already full of cats and dogs, I still couldn’t resist an occasional visit to the shelter.因为他家已经有许多狗了，他因为喜欢去看狗和宠物，故 选 A。 27. The reason why the dog was so scared is that _______ . A. it was afraid of the cold B. it had been ill-treated C. it was frightened by the boy D. it was frightened by the author 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 It was probably abused and abandoned 它被虐待，所以看起来很害怕的样子， 故选 B。 28 . Why did the boy want to adopt the golden dog? A. Because the dog looked attractive. B. Because his grandma also liked the dog. C. Because they had something in common. D. Because the author advised him to adopt it. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 I found out that he’d had a rough start in life too 因为小男孩和这 只小狗有共同之处，故选 C。 29.The Grandma wanted the boy to adopt a dog so that ___________ . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 A. his life could be easier B. he could play balls with it C. he could forget about his parents D. the dog could be taken good care of 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 She had hoped getting a dog would make it easier on him.她让小男孩领 养一只狗以便让他的生活过得更加轻松，故选 A。 30. What can we learn from the last paragraph ? A. The author is a kind-hearted old man. B. The boy’s nose has become smaller than before. C. The author enjoys watching people playing with dogs. D. Both the boy and the dog are growing healthily and happily. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 It had saved a dog’s life, healed his own heart,小狗和小男孩都幸福滴 健康地成长，故选 D。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省茂名市一模】 Until last summer I had a very comfortable life: winter vacations skiing and summer cruises. My parents spent a lot of money on a private school, so they could get me into a competitive middle school. Everything was about tomorrow, next year, my graduation. We never had to worry about today. Before last summer I never thought much about the people in the world who live day to day, every day, whose lives are controlled by poverty and hunger. Then I enrolled in a two-week intensive program. We lived in a “Tribal Village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in Arkansas, a state of the south-central United States. I am a tribal member in Mozambique, a country of southeast Africa. Every meal, I make the fire for my family, and feel the flames lick up my nostrils as I blow to keep the fuel alive. I cook mush with vegetables. This is all my family is ever given. I feed the hen and three rabbits their dinner. I grow attached to the rabbits, even though I know I shouldn’t. I name them. I’m not getting enough to eat; it’s time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. I feel pain but it’s a privileged child’s pain because I know I will soon 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 be eating again. That’s not true for a lot of other children around the world. Growing up comfortably in the U.S., I’ve never had to worry about my dinner, and even though this whole process was only a simulation, it changed my life. Now I believe in doing whatever I can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger. So I’ve become president of Roots and Shoots, a group working to improve local environments for people and animals. I’m also working to create a program at my high school called the “Safe Passage” trip to help young people in the Guatemala City dump. And I’ve got plans to do more. I'm often thinking of laboring in the hot sun and the millions who still do. Now, I try to live for today and stop worrying so much about the future. When I eat or feel full, I am grateful for this fortunate life and want to extend the same feeling to others. I believe in offering help to those who need it. 31. What is true about the author before last summer? A. Her life was under great pressure. B. Her life was well-planned. C. She didn’t have to worry about the future. D. She had to worry about her dinner 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Until last summer I had a very comfortable life 因为父母已经给作者安 排好了一切，故选 B。 32.We can learn from the second paragraph that _______________. A. the author raised some rabbits as pets B. the author took part in a two-week program in Africa C. the author had a very difficult life in the “Tribal Village” D. the author never thought about poor people after the program 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 We lived in a “Tribal Village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in Arkansas, a state of the south-central United States.作者在 Tribal Village 过着非常艰难的一段时间，故选 C。 33. The author feel pain because ____________ . A. she is a privileged child B. she is not getting enough to eat C. she doesn’t want to kill the rabbits 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 D. she can’t go back to her regular life 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 it’s time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. I feel pain but it’s a privileged child’s pain because I know I will soon be eating again.因为作者不想杀死 这些兔子，故选 C。 34. What does the underlined word “simulation” in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A. Reality B. Experience C. Imagination D. Imitation 【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二自然段的内容可知作者是在 Tribal Village 体验生活，所以即使这种生活 是一种仿制的（Imitation），但是也改变了作者，故选 D。 35. What influence did the author’s experience in the “Tribal Village” have on her? A. It gave birth to a belief in helping others. B. It taught her to be grateful to her parents. C. It has made her life more comfortable. D. It inspired her to start two groups to help others. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Now I believe in doing whatever I can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger.使她坚信以后要多帮助别人，故选 A。