【英语】2020届高考英语七选五考前冲刺练习---新闻报道类 9页

‎1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎  In the digital age,copying someone else's words is easy,but getting caught copying is even easier. When Melania Trump recently spoke at the Republican convention, she used some of the same words that Michelle Obama had used at the Democratic convention in 2008. Within hours, news spread around the world with the claim that Melania Trump had plagiarized Michelle Obama's speech. Students and teachers at universities in the U. S.and elsewhere were shocked. ①             What is plagiarism?‎ ‎    ②         That person could also be called a "literary thief' or a" plagiarist'.‎ ‎    Why is plagiarism a serious problem?‎ ‎    It's our own worst fear, to have that thing that we created stolen from us, and it's the same as our words. That thing that we created is essential to who we are.③        Academics are especially aware of the nature of plagiarism because their work is essentially the creation of ideas and putting them into words.‎ ‎    ④        ‎ ‎    One of the possible punishments for' plagiarism at U. S.universities is dismissal from the school. Students may fail a course or be given a letter of censure(谴责)that stays on their school record, Professors or researchers who plagiarize may damage or end their careers.‎ ‎    Plagiarism is easy to find ‎    Before the digital age we live in, plagiarizing was harder. You had to write out the words you copied. But now anything can be copied and pasted. In the past, teachers would have to work hard to prove that work was copied. ⑤         The plagiarism checking software programs used by many students and universities include Turnitin, Grammarly, Duplichecker, and Ithenticate. Nobody is going to get away with it.‎ A. How to avoid plagiarism B. Consequences of plagiarism C. Stealing our words is as serious as if stealing our child.‎ D. Nowadays,some software programs will help you avoid plagiarism E. Plagiarism is to copy someone else's written work without giving them credit.‎ F. But nowadays, all you have to do is run a paper through a plagiarism detection software.‎ G. They learn from their early years in school that copying another writers words is wrong.‎ ‎2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多途选项。‎ Kids and food: advice for parents ‎    It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthy. Here are a few easy ways.‎ ‎    Parents control the supply lines.‎ ‎    ①__________Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious foods, parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house. Kids won’t go hungry. They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.‎ ‎    Say goodbye to “clean-plate club”.‎ ‎    ②__________Lots of parents grew up under the clean-plate rule, but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full. When kids feel full, they’re likely to overeat.‎ ‎    ③__________‎ ‎    Food preferences are developed early in life, so try to offer different kinds of food. Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies. Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions(时机) for a child to accept it.‎ ‎    Food is not love.‎ Find better ways to say “I love you.” When foods are used to reward kids and show love, they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy.④__________‎ ‎     Kids do as you do.‎ ‎⑤__________When trying to teach good eating habits, try to set the best example. Choose nutritious food, eat at the table, and don’t forget breakfast.‎ A. Start them young.‎ B. Rewrite the kids’ menu.‎ C. Be a role model and eat healthy yourself.‎ D. Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.‎ E. Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.‎ F. You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.‎ G. Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.‎ ‎3、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Mustangs ‎    The image of horses running free across the plains is a popular symbol of the American West. However, mustangs are not native to the United States, they are descendants (后代) of Spanish horses.①__________Before the Spanish arrived, horses had been extinct (灭绝的) in the New World for about 12,000 years.‎ ‎     ②__________The word comes from the Spanish word mesteño, meaning “wild.” Mustangs are medium-sized horses. They measure around 56 inches to 60 inches (140 to 150 centimeters). They weigh around 800 pounds (360 kg).‎ ‎   These horses escaped from the Spanish soldiers. And they were also used by native people to fight against the Spanish army. ③__________Most of the mustangs that run free across the plains today are of mixed ancestry.‎ ‎    By the end of the 19th century, about two million mustangs ran across the countryside. Farmers began to complain. ④__________The mustang population decreased as farmers drove the horses away from the plains. Then, private conservation efforts to protect the mustangs began as early as 1925.‎ ‎    By 1970, fewer than 17,000 mustangs were left.  ⑤__________Now, it is estimated that more than 35,000 mustangs are living in the United States today.‎ A. They prefer to live in Spain.‎ B. The mustangs were destroying their crops.‎ C. Mustangs are welcome to the United States.‎ D. As a result, the United States passed a law that protected the horses.‎ E. The free horses that live in the western United States are called mustangs.‎ F. As time went on, the horses gave birth to baby horses and were joined by other horses.‎ G. When Spanish armies came to the New World in the 16th century, they brought horses with them.‎ ‎4、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Bad News for the Highly Intelligent ‎    There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.‎ ‎    ①__________ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.‎ ‎    To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE.②__________This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.③__________‎ ‎    The results of this study must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.④__________All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene (基因) influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.⑤__________In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.  From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being.‎ A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.‎ B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. ‎ C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.‎ D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages.‎ E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.‎ F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.‎ G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders.‎ ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A city beneath the sea ‎    French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio discovered the remains of Heracleion, a long-lost Egyptian city, beneath the waves of the  Mediterranean Sea in 2000. After more than a decade of research, he and his team are now presenting their discoveries to the world.‎ ‎    Heracleion was founded around the 8th century B.C.(800-700 B.C). Because Heracleion was located at the mouth of the Nile River, it was an important economic and trading centre.①__________.‎ ‎     “It was the major international trading port for Egypt at this time,” says Damian Robinson. He is the director of the Centre for Maritime Archaeology at the University of Oxford and working with Goddio's team.‎ ‎    ②__________. This, as well as a rising ocean and possibly even earthquakes, eventually caused the city to sink around 100 A.D.‎ ‎    The underwater site has proved rich in historical artifacts(人工制品).③__________.‎ ‎     “The archaeological evidence is simply amazing,” says Oxford University archaeologist Sir Barry Cunliffe.” By lying untouched and protected by sand on the seafloor for centuries, the artifacts are brilliantly preserved.”‎ ‎    ④__________. They have also found miniature Egyptian coffins that may have held animal mummies! Additionally, the remains of 64 ancient ships and more than 700 anchors lay buried in the sand around the ruins of the city.‎ ‎   But Goddio and his team have barely scratched the surface of Heracleion's remains. “   ⑤ __________.” says Goddio.” We will probably have to continue working for the next 200 years for it to be fully revealed and understood.”‎ A. The Greeks called it Heracleion.‎ B. We are just at the beginning of our research.‎ C. All trade from nearby Greece had to pass through Heracleion.‎ D. For many years, historians were not sure if this city ever existed.‎ E. But the ground on which Heracleion was built wore away over many centuries.‎ F. The researchers have uncovered numerous 15-foot-tall statues as well as hundreds of smaller artifacts.‎ G. In fact,because the city sank to the bottom of the ocean, many ancient pieces have remained undisturbed. ‎ ‎6 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎  After the popularity of the Ice Bucket Challenge, another challenge now is hot in India. Indians give rice to their poor neighbors for a charity (慈善) which is called “Rice Bucket Challenge”.①        It is about giving a bucket of rice to someone who is in need and taking a picture named “Rice Bucket Challenge” to share online. The aim of the activity is to help the poor and hungry people in India, and the movement’s Facebook page has so far clocked up more than 50,000 likes. ②        The activity was started by Manju Latha Kalanidhi, a 38-year-old journalist, who thought the Ice Bucket Challenge was a little strange. She said, “Hunger is a disease anybody would connect.” The challenge has gained a lot of support with students signing up in Indian Institute of Management, and more and more people join in it.③        ‎ ‎     India is the world’s second-biggest rice consumer, with a storage of 21.2 million tons of the grains.④        It has suffered with mass hunger, and last year was ranked 63rd of 78 countries on the International Food Policy Research Institute’s global hunger index. How to participate in this activity? First, pick up a bucket of rice from your home and give it to the neighboring people who are in need.⑤        At last, invite online all your friends and ask them to take up the challenge. It is important to post back on Facebook because it will inspire all your friends to come forward. All the people get together and make a difference!‎ A. Besides, hand the rice bucket over to other people who are in need.‎ B. It is not an activity involving dumping a bucket of rice on someone’s head.‎ C. The activity raises the public awareness and charitable donations to agriculture.‎ D. The AirAsia India airline says its staff including senior management will join.‎ E. Then, take a picture and post it on facebook with “Rice Bucket Challenge”.‎ F. But it is far from enough for this country.‎ G. The initial inspiration came from the ice bucket challenge.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1、答案及解析：‎ 答案： G; E; C; B; F 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎2、答案及解析：‎ 答案：F; E; A; D; C 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎3、答案及解析：‎ 答案：G; E; F; B; D 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎4、答案及解析：‎ 答案：A; C; E; F; B 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎5、答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; E; G; F; B 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎6、答案及解析：‎ 答案： B; G; D; E; F 解析： 本文写了米桶挑战,“米桶挑战”与“冰桶挑战”概念相似,但参加者不是要淋米,而是向有需要的人捐出一桶米,拍下照片,再向其他人发出挑战,以此来帮助需要的人。‎ ‎①考查对上下文的理解能力。由Rice Bucket Challenge”. It is about giving a bucket of rice to someone who is in need and taking a picture named “Rice Bucket Challenge” to share online. 可知米桶挑战不是向某个人的头上淋米,而是赠给需要的人一桶米,后文是解释米桶挑战,所以前一句是误解,所以选B。‎ ‎②考查对上下文的理解能力。由后文冰桶挑战的开始,可知此处是提到了冰桶挑战,所以选G。‎ ‎③考查对上下文的理解能力。由The challenge has gained a lot of support with students signing up in Indian Institute of Management, and more and more people join in it可以知道越来越多的人加入米桶挑战,所以D选项中也是有人加入,所以选D。‎ ‎④考查对上下文的理解能力。由下文可知还是有很多人在承受着饥饿,可知这个挑战不足以满足需要的人们,远远不够,所以选F。‎ ‎⑤考查对上下文的理解能力。由米桶挑战的程序可知挑战者需要拍一张照片,然后等待下一个人的挑战。所以选E。‎ ‎ ‎