高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法知识第一章语法填空含解析1 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第一部分 语法知识 第一章 语法填空 语法填空题是在一篇 200 词左右的短文中比较均匀地挖出 10 个空白，让考生填入符合 语境和语法的内容，目的是考查学生理解语篇、分析句子结构及熟练运用语法知识的能力。 试题分“有提示词”和“无提示词”两种类型，以“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”，从词 法、句法、行文逻辑三个角度命题，试题难度一般。 近两年全国卷命题视角 考点 2016 2015 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 Ⅲ卷 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 时态和语态 1 2 2 2 1 非谓语动词 2 1 2 2 3 从句的引导词 1 1 1 1 1 名词 2 2 2 1 1 形容词(含比较级) 0 1 0 1 1 副词 1 1 1 1 1 并列连词 0 0 1 0 0 助动词 0 0 0 0 0 冠词 1 1 0 0 1 介词 1 1 1 1 1 代词 1 0 0 1 0 [命题规律] 试题本着“突出语境，重在运用”的原则，考查学生在真实语境中灵活运用所学词法和 语法知识的能力。无提示词的题目主要考查“行文逻辑、冠词、连词、助动词、介词、引导 词”等，有提示词的题目则主要考查“动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词”等。 Passage 1 (导学号 59430001) (2016·全国Ⅰ卷)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 正确形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61.________ (attract)． So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62.________ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63.________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64.________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, 65.________ I was the first Western TV reporter 66.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67.________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit，I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by 68.________ (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69.________ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed, 70.________ other is with mum—she never suspects. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁，亚洲最大的建筑以及豪 华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解 之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊 猫的片子呢。 61．解析：考查名词的用法。空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。 答案：attraction 62．解析：考查动词时态。根据语境及 allow sb to do sth 这一固定句式可知，此处 要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。 答案：was allowed 63．解析：考查副词的用法。修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。 答案：officially 64．解析：考查固定短语。go back to 为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。 答案：to 65．解析：考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句， 先行词是表示时间的 in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词 when。 答案：when 66．解析：考查过去分词的用法。因为句中已有谓语动词 was，故此处要用非谓语动词 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 形式。因 permit 与 reporter 为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。 答案：permitted 67．解析：考查动名词的用法。由句子结构可知，introduce 作谓语动词 include 的宾 语。而 British visitors 是 introduce 这一动作的承受者。故用动名词形式。 答案：introducing 68．解析：考查物主代词的用法。根据空格后的名词及前文中的“a lively three－month －old twin”可知要用形容词性物主代词。 答案：its 69．解析：考查名词复数。few 用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为 days。 答案：days 70．解析：考查固定搭配中冠词的用法。由前文中的关键词“twin”“one”可知这里 考查 one...the other...(一个……另一个……)的用法。故答案为 the。 答案：the Passage 2(导学号 59430002) (2016·全国Ⅱ卷)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 41.________ (great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 42.________ (achieve)．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43.________ (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 45.________ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47.________ (regular)．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48.________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely 49.________ (bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music， sports—but whatever it is，50.________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 该如何合理释放这些压力：优先处理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期间定期休息等。 41．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的 and less 可知，此处也要用比较级形式。 答案：greater 42．解析：考查名词的用法。介词 of 后要用名词作宾语。固定表达 a sense of achievement“成就感”。 答案：achievement 43．解析：考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语 leaving the less...，动 名词作主语谓语要用第三人称单数形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用 is。 答案：is 44．解析：考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定 短语 be focused on “专心于，集中于”。 答案：on 45．解析：考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，并 在午饭之前尽可能的高效。固定表达 as...as possible“尽可能……”。 答案：as 46．解析：考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词 show 可知，主语应该是复数形式。 答案：studies 47．解析：考查副词的用法。如果我们定期休息的话。此处修饰动词短语 take short breaks，故要用副词形式。 答案：regularly 48．解析：考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和大脑休息一会。固定表达 for a while“一 会儿”。 答案：a 49．解析：考查不定式的用法。固定表达 be likely to do...“很可能做某事”。 答案：to bring 50．解析：考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词 原形。 答案：make Passage 3 (2016·全国Ⅲ卷)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式。 In much of Asia，especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan，Korea，61.________ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 be made of plastic ， animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 62.________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63.________ (create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64.________ (use)twigs (树枝) to remove it.Over time, 65.________ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66.________ (gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67.________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC ， influenced the 68.________ (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69.________ (be)too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 70.________ their hands. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具——筷子。 61．解析：考查连词。China，Japan，Korea，Vietnam 是并列关系。 答案：and 62．解析：考查语态。筷子是被制造的。be made of“用……制成”。 答案：be made 63．解析：考查动词不定式。动词不定式作目的状语。 答案：to create 64．解析：考查分词。现在分词作状语。 答案：using 65．解析：考查连词。as/when“当……时，随着……”。 答案：as/when 66．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词。 答案：gradually 67．解析：考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用 who。 答案：who 68．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用名词作动词的宾语。 答案：development 69．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。and 连接的并列句的主语都是 knives，故填 were。 答案：were 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 70．解析：考查介词。固定短语：with one's hands“用某人的手”。 答案：with 一、真题再现 Passage 1 (2015·全国Ⅰ卷) Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I 61.________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours 62.________，I'd been at home in Hong Kong， with 63.________ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________ (painting)．Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city. Yangshuo 67.________ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68.________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69.________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔。 61．解析：考查动词时态。主句为过去进行时，因此 when 连接的时间状语从句应用一 般过去时，故本空填 arrived。 答案：arrived 62．解析：考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因此填副 词 before/earlier。 答案：before/earlier 63．解析：考查代词。这里指香港的污浊空气，因此填物主代词 its“它的”，指香港 的。 答案：its 64．解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“the limestone mountain tops 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 and dark waters of the Li River”，且在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词 that/which。 答案：that/which 65．解析：考查名词。由前面的短语“so many”可知，本空应填名词复数 paintings。 答案：paintings 66．解析：考查固定搭配。从桂林乘车到这里仅用一个小时。by car“乘汽车”。 答案：by 67．解析：考查动词时态。本句描述阳朔景色之美，应用一般现在时。 答案：is 68．解析：考查非谓语动词。空处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“A study of travelers”。 答案：conducted 69．解析：考查副词。本空修饰动词，应填 regularly。 答案：regularly 70．解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与“people”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分 词短语作后置定语。 答案：living Passage 2 (2015·全国Ⅱ卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 41.________ ( build ) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42.________ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43.________ (able) to “air condition” a house without 44.________ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45.________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 47.________ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 48.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset ( 抵 消 ) for the outside temperatures.As 49.________(nature) architects ， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50.________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文，重点介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人所建土坯 房独特的调节室温的特点。 41．解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。本句主语是 The adobe dwellings，谓语是 are admired，因此空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 的动作。 答案：built 42．解析：考查形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词 the。 答案：the 43．解析：考查词类转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，且前有 their 修饰， 故填名词 ability。 答案：ability 44．解析：考查动名词作宾语的用法。介词 without 之后接动名词作宾语。 答案：using 45．解析：考查形容词转化为副词的用法。修饰动词应用副词。 答案：slowly 46．解析：考查不定式短语作结果状语的用法。这是 enough to do 句型，表示“足 以……”，不定式短语作结果状语。 答案：to cool 47．解析：考查介词。at the same time 表示“同时”，是固定搭配。 答案：at 48．解析：考查动词时态。结合语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为 This cycle，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 答案：goes 49．解析：考查词类转换。修饰名词应用形容词。 答案：natural 50．解析：考查宾语从句。这里是宾语从句，修饰形容词 thick 应用副词 how。 答案：how 二、提升演练 Passage 1 One hot summer day，I bought a small boat when my family spent vacation 1.________(enjoy) the beaches of beautiful Gulf shores.Both of my daughters played all day in the boat.Later the little one got 2.________ (tire)．Therefore，I took her to our spot on the sand as my elder girl continued to play in the boat.But the boat with my elder daughter in it was gradually moving far out from the shore.I called to her to come 3.________ (close) to the shore and she seemed to be frightened.All she could do was to 4.________ (paddle) hard to one side and the boat was just making small circles. I stood as far out in the water，shouting 5.________ (instruct) to her. 6.________ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 (fortunate)，some teenagers on a boat not far from her 7.________ (notice) what was happening and started to head for her way immediately. I'm not a good swimmer 8.________ I determined to have a try.I continued swimming until I no longer knew or could feel that I had legs，but I always kept my eyes on her.Helped by the teenagers，I finally made my way back pulling her and calming her. I've learned 9.________ the experience that maybe we think we are not strong enough sometimes，but if we trust 10.________ enough and take the first attempt， we'll have all the strength we need. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者带着两个女儿到海边度假，不料大女儿乘 坐的小船偏离海岸太远了，她有些害怕。作者虽然不擅长游泳，但还是坚决地游向女儿并最 终成功把她带回了岸边。作者从这次经历中认识到，尽管有时我们并不足够强大，但是我们 还是要相信自己，勇于去尝试。 1．解析：spend time(in)doing sth 为固定结构，意为“花时间做某事”，所以此处 应填 enjoy 的现在分词形式，即 enjoying。 答案：enjoying 2．解析：get 后面常接动词的过去分词形式作表语，表示“变得……”，所以此处应 填 tired。 答案：tired 3．解析：根据语境可知，作者应该是让大女儿把船划得离海岸近些，所以此处应用 close 的比较级形式，即 closer。 答案：closer 4．解析：在动词不定式符号 to 后应用动词原形，且 paddle 和“she”之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，所以此处应填 paddle。 答案：paddle 5．解析：shout 意为“大声说出，喊”，是及物动词，所以其后应接名词作宾语，故 此处应用 instruct 的名词形式 instruction；又因 instruction 表示“指令，指示”的含 义时是可数名词，由此结合语境可知，此处应填名词复数 instructions。 答案：instructions 6．解析：空格处应用副词修饰整个句子“some teenagers...immediately”，所以此 处应填 fortunate 的副词形式。 答案：Fortunately