高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练10说理议论社会文化应用广告逸闻趣事 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 题组训练 10 说理议论+社会文 化+应用广告+逸闻趣事 A (2017·红桥区二模) In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁 荣)．Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another， and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often live-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly criticize competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in competition. 语篇解读 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。文章讨论的是人们对于竞争的不同态度。有的 人非常重视竞争，认为它有益于社会的进步；有的人认为竞争对人的发展不利。 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. B．Opinions about competition are different among people. C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experience in competition. 答案 B 解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人们对于竞争所持的不同态度。 2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由首段第二句可知答案。 3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”． A．those who try their best to win B．those who value competition most highly C．those who are against competition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 答案 C 解析 词义猜测题。由第三段中“others take an opposite attitude”及“they strongly criticize competition”可知，画线短语指“强烈反对竞争的人”。 4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？ A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由文章尾段倒数第三句“Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.” 可知答案。 5．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。尾段最后一句表明了作者的观点：只有当这种基本的、害怕失败的态度 消失时，我们才能找到竞争的真正含义。即作者认为在竞争中，不要总担心失败。 B (2017·河北区一模) Going shopping seems easy，but actually it takes a lot of learning，especially in America.In fact，many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices，which you may find interesting.In America，the important rule of dressing is that one should change his or her clothes every day.For example，in an American college，neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row.So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than you have in China.While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.The purchase of used，second-hand clothing，furniture，or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money.Most second-hand clothes are of pretty good quality.If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a “loan closet”，where furniture rents at low cost，or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the community. Sheets，blankets，and other bedclothes go on sale in most communities twice a year.Advertisements for “white sales” on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.Once or twice every season，there will be “garage sales”，where you can get almost anything，from a yacht to a pair of shoes， at low prices.Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine. When shopping for food，you should look for special prices for various items that 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 are put on sale weekly.To economize，it would be a good idea for you to plan the weekly menu according to what is on sale，including in it the meats，vegetables，fruits， etc.that can be bought at special prices that week. Exchange and return policies vary from store to store.You should also keep in mind that exchange and return policies for sales items can be different from standard store policies，especially if the price of the items has been reduced.Ask the merchant about their exchange and return policies before making your purchase.Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.So，to save yourself the headache，you’d better hold on to any paper or other proof of purchase. 语篇解读 本文主要讲述在美国购物时，有时价格变化会很大，作者对此给出了一 些建议。 6．People shopping in America will discover . A．American goods are excellent B．most clothes come from China C．prices vary much sometimes D．used clothes are of poor quality 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，当人们在美国购 物时，会发现价格有时会变化很大。故选 C。 7．A person who needs furniture can . A．exchange their goods for furniture B．settle in a place that has furniture C．get some free of charge D．rent some at low cost 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan closet’，where furniture rents at low cost...”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“loan closet”，在那里你可以低价租到 家具。故选 D。 8．At a “white sales”，one can buy . A．almost anything B．meats，vegetables，fruits 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 C．bed linen，towels D．shoes at low prices 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Advertisements for ‘white sales’ on bed linen， towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.”可知，“white sales”(大减价)常常出现在一月、五月、六月或七月，卖床单，毛巾等。故选 C。 9．Garage sales are held . A．once or twice every three months B．once or twice every year C．from time to time D．in January，May，June or July 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“Once or twice every season，there will be ‘garage sales’”可知，“garage sales”每个季度(即每三个月)一到两场。故选 A。 10．What does the underlined part “any paper or other proof” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The exchange and return policy. B．A sales item. C．A store receipt. D．The standard store policy. 答案 C 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文语境“Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.”可知此处强调保留 receipt(收据)的重要性，它们是你购物 的证据，故“any paper or other proof”指“receipt”(收据)。故选 C。 C (2017·天津十二区县二模) Hidden London：the City’s Lesser Known Delights •Dulwich Picture Gallery As much an excuse to enjoy the village charms of Dulwich Village as to admire some delicate European masterworks，this gallery is a southeast London charmer， which was founded in 1811.Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)，catch the latest temporary exhibition and admire the lovely garden (open 1：30 pm to 3：30 pm Tuesdays)． Where：Gallery RD SE21 7AD 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 Train：West Dulwich •Temple Church Featuring in the novel The Da Vinci Code and dating back to the late 12th century， this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世纪的) treasures.Built by the Knights Templar，the church is divided into the Round—which contains the statues of crusading knights，who tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages—and the Chancel，where the priests(牧师) and singers performing in church services sit. Where：Temple EC4Y 7DE Underground：Temple or Blackfriars •Chelsea Physic Garden Endlessly satisfying the green-fingered，the plain curious or those eager to discover botanical interests in central London，this delightful walled garden was founded by the Apothecaries’ Society in the 17th century and is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London. Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS Underground：Sloane Square •Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art Built between 1953 and 1958，the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.It draws together a fascinating collection of Futurist masterpieces from Umberto Boccioni，Giacomo Balla，Carlo Carra and others，who emphasized the importance of modern things，especially technology and machines. Where：39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN Underground：Highbury & Islington 语篇解读 本文主要介绍了伦敦鲜为人知的几个景点。 11．When can you follow a free guide to visit Dulwich Picture Gallery? A．3 pm on Sunday. B．3：30 pm on Tuesday. C．1：30 pm on Tuesday. D．1：30 pm on Saturday. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)．..”可知，星期日下午 3 点能跟随免费导游参观达利奇画廊， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 故选 A。 12．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Dulwich Picture Gallery. B．Temple Church. C．Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art. D．Chelsea Physic Garden. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据 Temple Church 中的“...dating back to the late 12th century， this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世纪的) treasures.”可知， 圣殿教堂的历史最长，故选 B。 13．Where should you go if you have an interest in plants? A．Gallery Rd SE21 7AD B．Temple EC4Y 7DE C．66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS D．39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据 Chelsea Physic Garden 中的“...is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS”可知，如果你对植物感兴趣， 你应该去 66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS，故选 C。 14．If you want to enjoy Italian art，you may get off at . A．West Dulwich B．Temple or Blackfriars C．Sloane Square D．Highbury & Islington 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据 Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art 中的“...is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.” 及 “Underground ： Highbury & Islington”可知，选 D。 15．In which part of a newspaper can you read this text? A．Travel. B．Society. C．Nature. D．Lifestyle. 答案 A 解析 文章出处题。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了四个隐藏在伦敦的鲜为人知的景点， 因此你最可能在报纸的旅游栏目里读到，故选 A。 D (2017·南开区三模) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 My daughter Kelly is a cautious person.She needs to warm up to situations，and is hesitant to try new things.When with close friends，she becomes a leader who laughs loudly and chants，“Girls rule，boys drool.” But when that comfort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous. This has been challenging for me at times.“Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me.But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence.This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team.This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels.And this year she completed her first kids’ triathlon(三 项全能)． On Saturday，with a thunderstorm coming soon and my son’s birthday party later in the day，we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon.We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her， we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her turn，she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times.She was nervous but trying to keep it together. And then it was her turn.From the second she jumped into the water，my heart soared.My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen.She dominated that swim，crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face. I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.It wasn’t because she did a sport or anything like that.It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before. All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling.She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I won that day.I won the chance to see my girl shine. Shine on，sweet baby. 语篇解读 本文主要讲述作者的女儿 Kelly 是个慢热型的人，当她离开自己熟悉的区域，进 入新环境时会紧张害羞。当作者看到女儿克服恐惧在比赛中表现得非常自信时，她感到非常 骄傲。 16．Kelly is nervous when . A．boys are around her 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 B．she changes into a leader C．she is away from her mom D．situations are new to her 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But when that comfort zone is not around her， she is shy and nervous.”可知，Kelly 是一个慢热型的人，如果进入新的环境，她会感到 紧张。故选 D。 17．We can know from Paragraph 3 . A．the race began in the early morning B．the whole family gave Kelly support C．Kelly was eager for her turn in the race D．Kelly prepared for her brother’s birthday party 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her，we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.” 可知，全家人都支持 Kelly。故选 B。 18．Seeing Kelly’s performance in the race，the author felt . A．excited and proud B．anxious and uneasy C．worried and hesitant D．curious and concerned 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“she jumped into the water，my heart soared”，和第五段第一句“...I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.” 可推断作者当时的心情是又激动又自豪的。故选 A。 19．In Paragraph 5，the underlined word “conquered” probably means “ ”． A．to defeat someone especially in a competition B．to succeed in dealing with or control something C．to become very popular or successful in a place D．to take control of a country or a city and its people by force 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文 Kelly 在游泳时自信的表现可知，此处是指 Kelly 战胜了恐惧。 故选 B。 20．In the last but one paragraph the author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly . A．overcame the fear B．expressed love to her 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 C．won the gold medal D．took part in the sport 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据上文可知，作者之所以“感到像是自己赢了一样”是因为女儿已经 克服了恐惧。故选 A。