【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之题型重组练（一）学案 7页

第1部分　题型重组练 题型重组练(一)‎ ‎ (建议用时：30分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·湖南雅礼中学高三模拟)Don’t get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI(University‎ of ‎Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.‎ ‎“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager’s best interest to continue, he will still go on. That’s because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”‎ For parents, that means limiting distraction so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed to have access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”‎ In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higherlevel reasoning.‎ ‎“We wanted to try to understand how the brain’s reward system changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decisionmaking. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.‎ In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.‎ ‎1．What does the passage mainly tell us?‎ A．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.‎ B．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.‎ C．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.‎ D．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.‎ ‎2．Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidya’s idea?‎ A．Children should have access to the Internet.‎ B．Children need help in refocusing their attention.‎ C．Parents should help children in making decisions.‎ D．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.‎ ‎3．What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to?‎ A．Making good decisions.‎ B．Escaping risky behavior.‎ C．Joining in dangerous actions.‎ D．Doing things after some thought.‎ ‎4．How did the researchers carry out their study?‎ A．By examining adults’ brain.‎ B．By examining teenagers’ brain.‎ C．By building the brain’s reward system.‎ D．By making a comparison of brain examinations.‎ B Stan Lee, cofounder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and cocreator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.‎ Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name—Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U．S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70year marriage and had two children.‎ In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with superteam the Justice League of America.‎ To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, ‎ and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comicbook superheroes included SpiderMan, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the XMen.‎ Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.‎ ‎5．What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2?‎ A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years.‎ B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.‎ C．He had a tough and struggling childhood.‎ D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.‎ ‎6．What was the company called when SpiderMan was created?‎ A．Timely Comics.　　 　 B．Marvel Comics.‎ C．Atlas Comics. D．DC Comics.‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word“icon” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Statue. B．Agent.‎ C．Assistant. D．Symbol.‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics B．The Development of Marvel Comics C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics Ⅱ.完形填空 It has been difficult to sit on the bench most of the time，watching my team from the sideline.I always __1__ why I am not good enough to be on the floor.After endless hours of work and devotion，pushing myself through drill after drill，the last thing I want is to be a cheerleader.The feeling of being __2__ is sometimes too much and drives me to __3__ on the spot.I often feel as though my __4__ are wasted and my time is eaten away，__5__ nothing.It is heartbreaking to be a spectator(旁观者) for the game I love，knowing that no one has enough faith to give me the chance to __6__ on the floor.Tears well up(涌出)，but I __7__ them back.I shouldn’t be so __8__ something so silly.‎ Away from the game，it’s easier to put my thoughts together，rather than letting my __9__ ‎ drive my reasoning.I consider why I am where I am.I have played basketball my whole life.I have a strong __10__ for the sport and always have.There is nothing like the __11__ of playing：the swish(飕飕声) of the net，the sweat rolling off my cheeks，even the bruises(青肿) are battle wounds worn __12__ after every game.‎ Even if I don’t play much，I participate in every __13__．I am part of a team of girls who stick together like a family.I am there for them，as they are for me.‎ Should I move on？Or should I stay with my team and continue playing basketball with great passion just a little longer？The __14__ isn’t difficult when I consider the joy that being a part of a team __15__ me—and not just any team，but my team.I love basketball and my teammates.When I think about that，my view from the bench really isn’t so bad after all.‎ ‎1.A.wonder　　　　　 　　 B．promise C．accept D．realize ‎2．A.careless B．worthless C．selfless D．homeless ‎3．A.quit B．stay C．struggle D．delay ‎4．A.beliefs B．chances C．efforts D．experiences ‎5．A.related to B．attached to C．added to D．devoted to ‎6．A.perform B．respond C．identify D．survive ‎7．A.call B．give C．take D．hold ‎8．A.upset over B．nervous about C．scared of D．annoyed at ‎9．A.hardships B．possessions C．feelings D．thoughts ‎10．A.imagination B．admission C．desire D．passion ‎11．A.encouragement B．embarrassment C．excitement D．amusement ‎12．A.bravely B．proudly C．regretfully D．painfully ‎13．A.team B．day C．time D．game ‎14．A.conflict B．conclusion C．challenge D．decision ‎15．A.attracts B．brings C．instructs D．controls 第1部分　题型重组练 题型重组练(一)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年对自己行为的即时影响和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。‎ ‎1．A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后两句“A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.”可知，本文主要介绍了Iowa大学的一项研究发现，即青少年对自己行为的即时影响或奖励比成年人要敏感得多，即奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。故选A。‎ ‎2．B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的。故选B。‎ ‎3．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.”可知，青少年大脑发育不完全可能会导致他们参与危险的行动。故选C。‎ ‎4．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员说服了40名青少年，年龄分别为13岁和16岁，以及40名成年人，年龄分别为20岁和35岁。由此可推知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成年人的调查结果而展开研究的。故选D。‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了漫威创始人斯坦·李富于传奇色彩的一生。作为一名漫威创始人，他对美国的漫画进行革新，创造了许多超级英雄，荣获国家艺术奖章。‎ ‎5．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment.”可知，斯坦·李拥有一个艰辛的童年，故选C项。‎ ‎6．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics”可知，公司的名字按照时间顺序依次为Timely Comics→Atlas Comics→Marvel Comics，《神奇四侠》于1961年首次推出，而《蜘蛛侠》是之后创作的，所以创作《蜘蛛侠》时公司的名称应是漫威(Marvel Comics)。故选B项。‎ ‎7．D　解析：词义猜测题。最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就，作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一，斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一，没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界，所以他可以被称为漫威宇宙的标志，由此可推知，icon意为“标志”，故选D项。‎ ‎8．A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了漫威创始人之一斯坦·李的传奇一生，他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的，他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作顶级的文化品牌，所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“开拓者；发起者；创始人”，故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者一直都对打篮球满怀热情，但却一直都没有足够的能力上场打球。作者曾觉得自己毫无价值，甚至想过要放弃，但想到团队给自己带来的欢乐，作者还是决定继续留在队里。‎ ‎1．A　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应该是指“我一直都想知道为什么自己不够优秀”。wonder意为“想知道”，符合语境；promise意为“允诺，许诺”；accept意为“承认，接受”；realize意为“认识到”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．B　解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应该是指感觉自己毫无价值。worthless意为“无价值的，卑微的”，符合语境；careless意为“粗心的”；selfless意为“无私的，大公无私的”；homeless意为“无家可归的”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．A　解析：考查动词辨析。quit意为“放弃，停止”；stay意为“停留”；struggle意为“挣扎，努力”；delay意为“耽搁，延期”。根据语境可知，“我”此时觉得自己毫无价值，所以想要放弃。quit最符合语境，故答案选A。‎ ‎4．C　解析：考查名词辨析。belief意为“相信，信赖”；chance意为“机会，机遇”；effort意为“努力，成就”；experience意为“经验，经历”。根据语境可知，此处指“我”经常感觉自己的努力和时间好像都白费了。efforts最符合语境，故答案选C。‎ ‎5．D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。relate to意为“涉及，有关”；attach to意为“依附，附属”；add to意为“增加，加入”；devote to意为“把……用于”。根据语境可知，“我”的努力和时间好像都白费了，什么也没有获得。devoted to nothing符合语境，故答案选D。‎ ‎6．A　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，没有人有勇气让“我”在地上表现。perform意为“表演，表现”，符合语境；respond意为“回答，应答”；identify意为“确定，识别”；survive意为“幸存，活下来”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎7．D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，此处应该是指“我”强忍着泪水。hold ‎ back意为“阻止，抑制”，符合语境；call back意为“收回”；give back意为“归还，恢复”；take back意为“拿回，收回”，均不符合语境，故答案选D。‎ ‎8．A　解析：考查固定短语辨析。根据语境可知，“我”不应该为如此愚蠢的事情而感到心烦意乱。be upset over意为“对……感到心烦意乱”，符合语境；be nervous about意为“对……感到紧张”；be scared of意为“对……感到害怕”；be annoyed at意为“对……感到生气，发怒”。均不符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎9．C　解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，避开比赛，“我”的思想很活跃，而不会让“我”的情绪来影响“我”的推理。feeling意为“情绪，感觉”，符合语境；hardship意为“困苦，苦难”；possession意为“财产，领地”；thought意为“思想，想法”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。‎ ‎10．D　解析：考查名词辨析。imagination意为“想象力，空想”；admission意为“承认，许可，录取”；desire意为“欲望，要求”；passion意为“激情，热情”。根据语境可知，“我”一直都对篮球这项体育运动满怀热情。passion最符合语境，故答案为D。‎ ‎11．C　解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，没有任何事情比得上打篮球带给“我”的兴奋。excitement意为“兴奋，刺激”，符合语境；encouragement意为“鼓励，鼓舞”；embarrassment意为“窘迫，尴尬”；amusement意为“消遣，娱乐”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。‎ ‎12．B　解析：考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，即使是在打篮球中受伤也会让“我”感到很自豪。proudly意为“自豪地”；符合语境；bravely意为“勇敢地”；regretfully意为“懊悔地，遗憾地”；painfully意为“痛苦地”，均不符合语境，故答案选B。‎ ‎13．D　解析：考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“...after every game”以及语境可知，此处应选game，表示即使“我”不怎么上场打球，“我”也会参加每一场比赛。team意为“团队”；day意为“一天，时期”；time意为“时间”，均不符合语境。故答案选D。‎ ‎14．D　解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，当“我”想到与队员们待在一起的欢乐时，是否该继续留在队里打篮球的决定就不难作出。decision意为“决定，决心”，符合语境；conflict意为“冲突，矛盾”；conclusion意为“结论，结局”；challenge意为“挑战，怀疑”，均不符合语境。故答案选D。‎ ‎15．B　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应该是指“作为团队的一员给我带来的欢乐”。bring意为“带来”，符合语境；attract意为“吸引，引起”；instruct意为“指导，指示”；control意为“控制，管理”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。‎