【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题二习题讲评课一 5页

专题二 阅读七选五 ‎ 段首、段尾题的思考点(一)——主题句 一、 ‎ 段首主题句 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ片段)‎ ‎...But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.‎ ‎ 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.‎ Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ...‎ The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors ...‎ D．Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E．It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces ‎[解析]　选D　本空是一个主题句。上一段提到了由“小、中、大”三种规模物品的颜色选择，而下文依次讲述的是“中、大”两种规模物品的颜色选择，故本段介绍的是“小规模物品的颜色选择”，所以D项为本段的主题句。‎ ‎[增分技巧]‎ ‎(1)如果空格出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。‎ ‎(2)关注与下文的关系。着重阅读空格后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。‎ 二、 ‎ 段尾主题句 ‎[典例]　(2016·10月浙江高考片段)‎ How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life, don’t they？Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isn’t that hard. 31 ‎ ‎·Do well in school.No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school；listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a better ‎ university，which will enable you to have a bright future. 32 ‎ ‎·Do good in your community (社区). Volunteering can not only improve your community’s status, but could make you happier ...‎ B．School sets you up on the right track!‎ F．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.‎ ‎[解析]　‎ ‎31．选F　第31题设空在第一段的段尾。空格前一句(即使你还是少年，你也可以取得成功；成功实际上并不太难)为主题的提出做好了铺垫。下文就少年怎样取得成功的话题提出了几条建议，可见此处应是全文主题。故F项为最佳选项。‎ ‎32．选B　第32题设空在第二段的段尾。本空与下一段的开头没有关联，可见其很可能是本段的总结句。前文讲到努力学习就可以进一所好大学，这能使你拥有一个光明的未来。B项(学校使你走上正确的轨道)能概括全段，故为最佳选项。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　空格在段尾，一般是对上文或者全文进行总结概括，得出结论，也可能是对上文提到的内容做进一步地补充说明，这种情况下，就需要选择注释性的句子。‎ ‎[小结]‎ 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉，这是阅读七选五解题的关键。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，另一种是分析每个段落内部的层次。一般来说，高考英语文章，无论是整篇文章，还是每个独立的语段，在行文逻辑上，通常采用的是“总－分”或“总－分－总”结构。‎ 铺阴影的题目为段首、段尾的主题句 A Some people are naturally more creative than others, but that doesn’t mean you don’t have some creative ideas locked away in your mind.You simply have to draw them out. Take some time out to think.Sometimes we’re so caught up in getting things done that we don’t have time to be creative; this goes for work and home life. 2 It’s extremely important to make time to simply stop and think.Just a couple of hours of free time each week could help you unlock your creative side.Sit down with no distractions, or go for a long walk and let your mind wander.‎ Half the battle with being creative is to gain confidence to let your creativity shine through.If you’re a painter, paint more.Writers should write more. Study techniques or analyze the work of other creative people you admire.By improving your practical skills, you’ll feel more confident in using them in more creative ways.‎ Copy others, and then make it better. 4 If you admire someone’s work, you’re bound to want to copy it and learn from it.Painters may find it useful to copy their favorite artist’s work in order to improve their technique. 5 The original (原创的) artworks help them develop their own creativity, and in future they will be better practiced at creating something truly original.‎ A．Practice makes perfect.‎ B．That’s where your creativity lies.‎ C．Try some of these techniques for unlocking your creative side.‎ D．There is no harm in taking someone else’s idea and adapting it.‎ E．But they can then take it a step further by using their own style.‎ F．We have tasks to complete, deadlines to make and housework to get done.‎ G．Maybe you’d like to start your own business or create a new invention.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章在发掘我们的创造力方面给出了一些方法。 ‎ ‎1．选C　下文的三段介绍了三个发掘创造力的技巧，故本句起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎2．选F　本空的内容是对前一句“Sometimes we’re so caught up in getting things done that we don’t have time to be creative; this goes for work and home life.”的进一步阐述，具体说明了工作和家庭生活中忙碌的内容。‎ ‎3．选A　该空为本段的中心句。俗话说：“熟能生巧”，只有不断地实践、练习，你的创造力才会显现出来。‎ ‎4．选D　把别人的一些想法拿来改造也是无害的，此处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述。‎ ‎5．选E　本句承接前后两句的内容，模仿可以提高技艺，在模仿的过程中加入自己的风格，就会提高创造力，最终达到原创的效果。‎ B Setting goals can help you stay on top of your studies and earn good grades, but it’s important to set the right kinds of goals.Setting unrealistic goals could set you up for disappointment and depression, while setting goals that are too easy will not challenge you to your full potential. 6 Here are some ideas that can help you.‎ ‎•Make your goal as specific as possible.Having a clear goal will help you stay driven and know how far you’ve come.So, instead of just saying your goal is to get through your math class, figure out what you hope to accomplish. 7 You need to keep this in mind.‎ ‎•Ensure that your progress is measurable. 8 That’s why you should always set goals with clear, measurable progress marks.‎ ‎• Even a good goal could be difficult to achieve without a clear action plan.When you set your goal, make sure you include actionoriented (行动导向) steps as part of your goal development.‎ ‎• It’s important to dream big, but it’s also important to know what you can accomplish with the materials you possess and the time you’re given.Don’t bite off more than you can chew (咀嚼), and don’t give yourself a too easy task either.‎ A．Make sure your goal is realistic.‎ B．Setting proper goals is not an easy thing.‎ C．Determine what type of goal you want to set.‎ D．Decide on practical steps to accomplish your goal.‎ E．How will I know when I’ve accomplished my goal?‎ F．Do you want to become better at math or earn a good grade?‎ G．Whenever you set a goal, you need to keep track of your efforts every step of the way.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何制定恰当的学习目标给出了建议。‎ ‎6．选B　制定恰当的学习目标不是一件容易的事，所以这里给出几条建议。‎ ‎7．选F　F项通过举例说明要明确目标，“You need to keep this in mind.”中的this指代F项中提到的具体的学习目标。‎ ‎8．选G　选项中的“keep track of your efforts every step of the way”与该空前后的“progress is measurable”和“measurable progress marks”相一致。‎ ‎9．选D　根据该段中的“a clear action plan” “actionoriented steps”可知，该段旨在说明制定学习目标时要确定切实可行的行动方案。‎ ‎10. 选A　根据后文可知学习目标不能太难，也不能太容易，故可判断该段旨在说明学习目标要切合实际。‎ C No one loves hearing about their disadvantages, but accepting criticism (批评) politely can help you grow as a person.Here’s how to do it.‎ ‎•Be objective (客观的) about criticism.‎ Next time when you get a bad remark, don’t immediately begin to challenge the other person’s opinion. 11 Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it.‎ ‎• Even if you decide that the other person is true, it may be hard to take.In your discomfort, you may feel the urge to defend yourself.But it’s best to avoid getting into an argument.Naturally, if you agree that things should change, it already makes the situation less heated, though the pain is still there. 13 ‎ ‎•Be open to the idea of change.‎ Most of us are pretty stubborn. 14 We may ignore criticism because we wish to ‎ avoid having to change, because it makes us feel bad, or because we feel it is not helpful.‎ ‎•Ask questions.‎ If you’re open to using criticism as a chance for improvement, you will likely need more information. ‎15 In this case, talk with the person who criticized you and ask how you can do better.Even though you don’t agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.‎ A．Avoid unnecessary argument.‎ B．You may begin to challenge the other person’s opinion.‎ C．Watch out for your words to avoid unpleasant situations.‎ D．We refuse to change even though that’s what we need most.‎ E．You can start by saying you see the point, or that you are wrong.‎ F．Instead, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is accurate.‎ G．The criticism should come from a supportive place rather than simply out of envy.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们应该如何对待他人的批评。‎ ‎11．选F　根据本段的小标题“Be objective (客观的) about criticism.”可知，本段的主旨为：客观对待批评。本空前的内容告诫我们面对别人的负面评价，不要马上反驳对方。本空和下一句告诉我们正确的方法：花点时间想一想对方的批评是不是准确，给自己一个机会真正理解对方的话，客观评估是否言之有理。‎ ‎12．选A　根据本段的内容尤其是本段中给出的建议“But it’s best to avoid getting into an argument.”可知，本段的小标题应为“避免不必要的争论”。‎ ‎13．选E　本空是对前一句的进一步阐述。如果你认同改变，那么就已经缓解了紧张的局面。本空就是认同改变、缓解局面的首要方法：承认你明白了对方说的，或者说你错了。‎ ‎14．选D　本段的三句话共同说明了一个存在的问题：我们不愿意去改变。而本段的小标题告诫我们：要接受改变。‎ ‎15．选G　由本空后的“In this case”可知，这种情况指的就是：对方批评的初衷应该是善意的而不是出于嫉妒。在这样的前提下询问对方的建议。‎