【英语】2020届英语二轮复习600分冲刺优练：专题1阅读理解考点4　词义猜测题学案 17页

第一编 专题一 考点 4 [层级一 真题题组] A (2018·北京卷，D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well ， the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－ driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－ driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted， isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams ， cut emissions( 排 放 )and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric ， self － driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services， considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任 与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it. 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题，对以下方面 进行了讨论：对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧，对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现 的管理问题。通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，引导考生辩证地看待问题。 1．According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _A__. A．help deal with transportation－related problems B．provide better services to customers C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety...policymakers also should be talking about how self － driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.”可知， 人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项 A“有助 于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。 2．As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？_D__ A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car －controlled transportation system we have today.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制 定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面， 与选项 D 提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。 3．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？_A__ A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容 the first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly 并结合下句中 as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology 可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用 自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中。选项 A“使用”符合题意。 4．What is the author's attitude to the future of self－driving cars？_B__ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对 于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。 B (2017·全国卷Ⅱ，B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与 Paul 的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽 不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。 5．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？_C__ A．Paul Newman wanted it. B．The studio powers didn't like his agent. C．He wasn't famous enough. D．The director recommended someone else. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者 角色的原因是想找一个与 Paul 一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选 C 项。 6．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？_D__ A．They were of the same age. B．They worked in the same theater. C．They were both good actors. D．They have similar characteristics. 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与 Paul 之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似 的性格特征。故 D 项符合题意。 7．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？_A__ A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. 解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对 the belief 的解释，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 the belief 的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分 享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选 A 项。 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？_B__ A．To show his love of films. B．To remember a friend. C．To introduce a new movie. D．To share his acting experience. 解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968” 以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋 友，所以选 B 项。 C (2017·江苏卷，B) Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning ( 胎 教 ), birds could rule_the_roost.As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化)．New －born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call. To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red －backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity. It turns out that baby red－backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls.In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food. This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统 的) strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.” 文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。 9．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_B__”． A．be the worst B．be the best C．be the as bad D．be just as good 解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词 But 与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色 可知选择 B。 10．What are Kleindorfer's findings based on？_A__ A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. C．The data collected from Queensland's locals. D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer 的 发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为 A。 11．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _C__. A．can receive quality signals B．are in need of training C．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能 说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为 C。 D (全国卷Ⅲ，B) On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side café and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. “Hey, aren't you from Mississippi？” the elegant, white－haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I'm from Mississippi too.” Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.” Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big － city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friend said：‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added.“And I said，Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’” Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. “I don't make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don't have to.” Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out.Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名女作家 Eudora Welty 在纽约的一次经历， 并以此作为背景说明她的创作源于生活。 12．What happened when Welty was with her friends at the café？_A__ A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in. C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there. 解析：考查细节理解。第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第 三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的 晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了 Welty 和朋友的晚餐中。 13．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's_D__. A．readers B．parties C．friends D．stories 解析：考查代词指代。画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主 语 These 指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了 Welty 笔下的写作 素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故 them 指的是“小说”。 14．What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction？_C__ A．They live in big cities. B．They are mostly women. C．They come from real life. D．They are pleasure seekers. 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty 小说中的人物源于真实生活。 E (2017 年 11 月浙江高考) When I was in fourth grade, I worked part－time as a paperboy.Mrs.Stanley was one of my customers.She'd watch me coming down her street, and by the time I'd biked up to her doorstep, there'd be a cold drink waiting.I'd sit and drink while she talked. Mrs.Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, “Mr.Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” she'd say.The first time she said that, soda(汽水) went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs.Stanley talked as if Mr.Stanley were still alive.Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she'd work_it_out_of_her_system.So that's what I did, and it turned out Dad was right.After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)． I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn't see Mrs.Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund － raiser ( 募 捐 活 动 ). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she'd had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with.Now she had friends.Her husband was gone, but life went on. I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids.She asks me how I'm doing.When I don't say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems.She's lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community.Community isn't so much a place as it is a state of mind.You find it whenever people ask how you're doing because they care, and not because they're getting paid to do so. Sometimes it's good to just smile, nod your head and listen. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候作为报童倾听别人的诉说，而现在作 者也会向送报纸的人诉说自己的困难的经历，并感慨在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相 关爱。 15．Why did soda go up the author's nose one time？_B__ A．He was talking fast. B．He was shocked. C．He was in a hurry. D．He was absent－minded. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“her dead husband”可知，Stanley 先生已经去世 了，可是 Stanley 太太却说：“Stanley 先生和我今天早上去购物了。”她第一次这样说时， 苏打水呛进了作者的鼻子。由此可推断出，Stanley 太太的话使“我”很震惊。结合第三段 父亲向“我”解释原因的内容也可以推知当时“我”是很震惊并迷惑不解的，所以选 B 项。 16．Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs.Stanley according to Paragraph 3？_B__ A．He enjoyed the drink. B．He wanted to be helpful. C．He took the chance to rest. D．He tried to please his dad. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，“我”不理解为什么 Stanley 太太谈论 Stanley 先生时仿佛他还在世。“我”向父亲说了这件事并听从父亲的建议，静静地坐着倾 听 Stanley 太太的诉说，“我”希望这是有帮助的。 17 ． Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”？_A__ A．recover from her sadness B．move out of the neighborhood C．turn to her old friends D．speak out about her past 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第二至三段内容可知，Stanley 太太刚开始无法接受丈夫去 世的事实，常常向“我”倾诉她去世的丈夫的事，后来“我”接受了父亲的建议，静静地倾 听她的诉说。结合第三段最后一句“After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事实，从悲伤中恢复过 来。 18．What does the author think people in a community should do？_D__ A．Open up to others. B．Depend on each other. C．Pay for others' help. D．Care about one another. 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容尤其是“You find it whenever people ask how you're doing because they care, and not because they're getting paid to do so.Sometimes it's good to just smile, nod your head and listen”可推知，在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱， 哪怕有时候仅仅是微笑、点头和倾听，这些都能够给别人以关心，由此选 D 项。 [层级二 模拟题组] 1 (2019·广州市一模) Tourism is often about seeking deeper emotional and personal connections with the world around us. Not all travel experiences, however, need to take place in the real world.With the evolution of virtual reality (VR) technology，tourism will increasingly become a combination of physical and virtual worlds.VR may even remove the need to travel entirely. But can a VR experience really equal a real world one？Many experts believe it can. Studies have shown that our brains have an inbuilt VR－like mechanism that enables us to live imagined experiences. Much of our waking life is spent thinking about either the past or the future. This is known as “mind wandering”. During these events we're not paying attention to the current world around us. Instead, we're recalling memories, or creating and processing imagined futures. When engaged in mind wandering, our brains process these mental images using the same pathways used to receive inputs from the real world. So, the imagined past or future can create emotions and feelings similar to how we react to everyday life.VR can create these same feelings. While critics might argue that a virtual experience will never match reality, there are several ways VR tourism could make a positive contribution. Firstly it could help protect sensitive locations from overtourism. In recent years famous sites such as Maya Bay in Thailand, have had to limit the number of visitors because of their negative impact. These places are now producing their own VR experiences that will allow tourists to pass through virtual models of the sites. Virtual reality may also allow people back in time ， to experience historical events, visit ancient cities, and even to walk among dinosaurs. Finally, in a world where many people suffer from stress and depression due to overwork, virtual tourism may provide a cheap and convenient way for people to take brief holidays to otherwise unreachable destinations and recharge their batteries, without ever leaving their homes. It sounds like science fiction but it's already happening( 流 行的 )． As virtual technology improves and as people continue to demand new and interesting experiences, more virtual tourism will be expected, both in combination with the real world and instead of it. 文章大意：随着虚拟现实技术的发展，旅游业将日益成为客观世界和虚拟世界的结合体。 1．What is driving the development of virtual tourism？_B__ A．Companies seeking to make more money. B．Improvements in virtual reality technology. C．People's demand for more shared experiences. D．People's deeper understanding of the physical world. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“With the evolution of virtual reality(VR) technology，tourism will...and virtual worlds”可知，虚拟现实技术的进步促进了虚拟旅游业 的发展。故选 B。 2．Which of the following best describes “mind wandering”？_C__ A．The brain processes which help people think VR is real. B．The way the brain processes inputs from the real world. C．Brain activities focusing on past or future events. D．Experiences coming from a person's imagination. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Much of our waking life is spent thinking about either the past or the future.This is known as ‘mind wandering’”可知，大脑漫游是指我们的 大脑关注过去或未来的活动。故选 C。 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to？_D__ A．Science fiction. B．Virtual technology. C．Virtual tourism. D．The real world. 解析：考查代词指代。根据第七段最后一句中的“both in combination with the real world and instead of it”并结合语境可推知，代词 it 在这里指代上文中出现的“the real world”。故选 D。 4．What is the purpose of the passage？_A__ A．To describe the advantages of VR tourism. B．To give suggestions for reducing overtourism. C．To encourage people to develop VR technology. D．To argue that VR tourism will replace the real world travel. 解析：考查写作意图。本文前三段主要介绍了虚拟旅游业兴起的原因以及虚拟现实的运 行原理，后四段主要介绍了虚拟旅游业的好处。由此可知，本文是为了介绍虚拟旅游业的优 势。故选 A。 2 (2019·河南省五校联考) I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang.This could not be good. My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help, but the voice was hardly familiar. “Lindy, this is Lesley.” I didn't know Lesley well.We did occasionally speak with each other, but to say we were friends not appropriate.I asked what she needed.Perhaps something really awful caused her to reach someone she barely knew.Instead, she asked me，“Do you have room for a turkey ？ In your freezer ？ ”We_had_lots_of_room_in_our_freezer,_and_in_fact ， too_much.“Sure，”I responded，“did your freezer break down？”“Not exactly，”Lesley replied, “but I will explain when I arrive.” Minutes later came a huge freezer truck. Lesley stepped down and explained the lease (租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night. Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of. Noticing our freezer was pretty empty, Lesley asked to fill it up. Our home was their last stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer. An hour later, everything finished, I asked her, “When will you come back for all this ？ ”Lesley laughed, “We don't want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out！” Then they waved goodbye and drove away. “For helping them out？” We opened our freezer door.Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try. We were struggling to buy groceries, yet it was not something we shared with anyone. However, our needs were met in an unexpected way, by that call, “Do you have room for a turkey？” 文章大意：本文为记叙文，讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人 的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。 5．How did the writer feel when she heard the phone ringing？_B__ A．Angry. B．Anxious. C．Shocked. D．Relieved. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“This could not be good.My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help”可知，作者刚听到电话铃响时认为不会有好事发 生，猜测是哪个家人需要帮助，因此作者应是担忧的(anxious)。 6．What does the author indicate by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2？_A__ A．They were running out of food supplies. B．They freezer was too large to fill. C．They were glad to put the turkey in the freezer. D．Their freezer was less frequently used. 解析：考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多了”；最后 一段中的“Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try”暗示，作者真 正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空间，故 A 项正确。 7．Why did Lesley call up the writer？_A__ A．Because she didn't want food to go to waste. B．Because the writer was her good friend. C．Because something awful had happened. D．Because she knew the writer was in need. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food，they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of”可知，Lesley 不想把这 么好的食物扔掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故 A 项正确。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text？_D__. A．A friend on speaking terms B．Who is my angel? C．Unexpected bargains D．Do you have room for a turkey? 解析：考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期收到 Lesley 的“求助”电 话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到 Lesley 的帮助的故事。结合文章前后均 提到“Do you have room for a turkey”可知，D 项正确。 3 (2019·山东省、河北省重点中学二模) Public libraries are an excellent resource for research，literacy (读写能力) education, and reading－centered events.Most towns have one or share library services with other towns through a mobile library, and the use of a public library is free to people who are willing to apply for a library card. There are several primary sources of library funding(资金)， starting with national funds which are distributed to states or provinces. These regions send the funds on to public libraries.Local governments also play an important role in providing funding for libraries, and most librarians apply for grants (拨款)．Finally, private donations help to maintain libraries—most libraries have an association of Friends of the Library which organizes fund－raising sales and pays annual dues to help maintain the library. Grants and private donations can also be used to provide a large amount of funding for public libraries, and some large libraries maintain a separate staff member to increase the amount of funding that they can obtain through these sources.Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children's books, or local history，and education grants which support locally－ based community efforts such as after － school reading programs. Many private donors are pleased to support their local public libraries by donating funds or including some library in their wills, and libraries reward their donors with treats like after－hours visits or privileged access to special collections. By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers.When it comes to supporting public libraries, every little bit counts: if you cannot afford to donate to a local library, think about volunteering time to help shelve books, lead after － school programs, or organize fund － raisers. Being active with your public library is a very important way to contribute to your local community. 文章大意：本文是说明文，主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源。 9．How many main sources of library funding are mentioned？_B__ A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，图书馆资金来源主要有三个：国家资金；当地 政府的拨款；私人捐款。本题容易误选C项，误选原因是考生以为第二段中的“Finally，private donations help to maintain libraries...maintain the library”提到了两个资金来源，认为“have an association of Friends of the Library”表示的是图书馆有互帮互助的朋友，即其他图书馆，其实 此处的“an association of Friends of the Library”指的还是前面的私人捐款者。 10．How is the funding made use of according to the text？_C__ A．By exploring more about history. B．By developing a scientific computer system. C．By holding after－school activities for students. D．By enriching special collections for the donors. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“education grants which support locally－based community efforts such as after－school reading programs”可知，有些资金用于为学生举办一 些课外活动。 11．What does the underlined word“browsers” refer to in the last paragraph？_A__ A．Viewers in the library. B．Programs used to view documents. C．People running the library. D．Donors visiting the library regularly. 解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“By combining multiple resources，creative librarians can keep their libraries useful，informative，and fun for browsers”可知，通过组合多 种资源，有创造力的图书馆馆长可以使他们的图书馆有用、信息丰富并且对于 browsers 来 说有趣。故可推知 browsers 应是去图书馆的人。故答案为 A。 12．What is the purpose of the text？_C__ A．To stress the value of public libraries. B．To appeal for donation to local libraries. C．To introduce sources of public library funding. D．To show the procedure of funding libraries. 解析：考查写作意图。本文主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源，故答案为 C。A 项 是第一段的中心，不是文章的写作目的，可以排除；最后一段的最后两句提到支持图书馆有 多种方式，可以从很多小事做起，作者并没有强调要给图书馆捐款，所以也没有“呼吁”一 说，故排除 B 项；D 项错在 procedure，文章并未提及相关信息，故排除 D 项。 4 (2019·南昌市二模) Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable( 可 持 续 的 ) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou，a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different. The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement，to build a self－contained community for up to 30,000 people.He is the go － to man for such projects thanks to the success of his “vertical forests”， two residential (住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014，they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide. The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking，however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340－acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an “urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature”. Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year，while at the same time producing 900 tons of life－giving oxygen. Although the architects haven't published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than traditional skyscrapers. The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However， Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision：“I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.” 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。为了改善环境，响应“可持续发展”的号召，柳州市聘 用了著名建造设计师 Stefano Boeri，计划在 2020 开始设计低碳环保的城市小区。 13．What's Liuzhou's attitude towards the sustainable development？_A__ A．Approving. B．Cautious. C．Unfavorable. D．Doubtful. 解 析 ： 考 查 推 理 判 断 。 根 据 第 一 段 “Although the idea of ‘zero emission and sustainable(可持续的) development’ was promoted worldwide，most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it.But in Liuzhou，a city in southern China，attitudes could not be more different”可知，尽管很多城市对“可持续发展”理念不知所措甚至有些城市反对这个 理念，但是柳州市的态度与它们大为不同；结合下文介绍的柳州市引进“城市森林”的小区 设计可推知，对于可持续发展，柳州市的态度是赞同的，故 A 项正确。 14．Why is Stefano Boeri employed for the Liuzhou project？_D__ A．He volunteered to do the project. B．He is a famous architect in the world. C．He is the father of the forest recovery. D．He has gained experience in similar projects. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He is the go－to man for such projects thanks to the success of his‘vertical forests’，two residential(住宅的) towers”可知，由于设计“垂直 森林”的成功，柳州市邀请 Stefano Boeri 设计类似的项目，故 D 项正确。 15．What does the underlined word “they” refer to？_B__ A．The architects. B．The two towers. C．Forests in the city. D．The residents of the city. 解析：考查代词指代。根据上文可知，Boeri 成功设计了“垂直森林”，两个住宅塔楼； 结合该句“Completed in 2014，they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide.”可知，这两座住宅塔楼 2014 年完工，每年最多可消除 17.5 吨煤烟，其中一座被评为全球最佳高层建筑。由此可推 知 they 指代上文中的“two residential(住宅的) towers”，故 B 项正确。 16．What's the purpose of Liuzhou project？_D__ A．To provide more jobs. B．To bring forest into city. C．To solve house shortage. D．To improve the environment. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句“Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year，while at the same time producing 900 tons of life－giving oxygen”可知，柳州的这种城市设计项目中，有 100 种植 物预计每年吸收近 10 000 吨二氧化碳和 57 吨污染物，同时产生 900 吨氧气。结合本文最后 一句可知，Boeri 认为把森林引入城市是应对全球变暖的一种方式。据此可推知，柳州的城 市项目旨在改善环境，故 D 项正确。 5 (2019·安徽省百所重点高中三模) Metal － organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely. The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration within three days, unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next － generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at the University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity(湿度) is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life—if it can be transformed into liquid form. That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck the water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules(分子)onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and get the water, each harvest producing one－third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，” says Yaghi. These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling_to a variety of liquids and gases. MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structure. In fact, one MOF the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses：their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules.Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding.More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications. 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型材料——金属有机框架， 它仅以空气中的水分为来源，利用太阳能即可源源不断地生产出大量淡水，即使在空气中水 分子稀薄的沙漠中也毫不费力。 17．Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph？__A__ A．To introduce water harvesters. B．To stress the importance of water. C．To express the urgent need for water there. D．To show the severity of its condition. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The Arizona desert...unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next－generation water harvesters”可知，作者提及亚利桑那州的沙漠是为了引出 Omar Yaghi 的下一代吸水设备以及下文及其介绍。故选 A。 18．What plays a vital role in water harvesters？_D__ A．Solar energy. B．Water molecules. C．MOFs' internal small holes. D．Metal－organic frameworks. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“What makes it work is a special material called a MOF”可知，使吸水设备工作的是一种叫作金属有机框架的特殊材料，故金属有机框架在该 设 备 中 起 了 关 键 作 用 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 “using only the heat of the sun as its power source”“which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules( 分 子 ) onto the surface of its internal small holes”“Warm it up and get the water”可知，金属有机框架在正常温度下会把水 分子吸引到内部孔隙的表面，然后利用太阳能加热进而产生淡水。太阳能、水分子和 MOFs 内部的孔隙虽然均在文中被提及了，但三者发挥各自作用的前提都是金属有机框架的存在， 故可排除 A、B、C 三项。 19．Which can explain the phrase“cling to”underlined in Paragraph 4？_C__ A．Give off. B．Break down. C．Hold onto. D．Turn into. 解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线短语前的“These crystalline(结晶的) groups of metals...can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability，attracting specific molecules to their surfaces”可知，这些由有机分子连接在一起的金属结晶群可被制成吸收能力极高的材 料，以吸引特定分子到它们的表面，即金属有机框架可以吸附各种液体和气体，故 hold onto“抓紧”和画线短语 cling to 的意思最为接近。 20．What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs？_B__ A．The future of the MOF technology. B．Other uses of the MOF technology. C．The improvement to the MOF technology. D．Possible limitations of the MOF technology. 解析：考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了金属有机框架可以帮助解决沙漠 地区的缺水问题，再结合第一段中的“solve some tough challenges：producing water in the desert，removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely”可推 知，接下来可能会介绍金属有机框架在清除温室气体、安全储存危险气体方面的用途。故选 B。