北京市顺义区牛栏山一中2020届高三高考适应性考试英语试题 Word版含解析 24页

‎2020年高考适应性考试 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ In the USA the high school graduation ceremony is of great _____1_____ (important). 12th grade students, or seniors, who are about 17 or 18 years old, look forward to _____2_____ (attend) this event. The graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually _____3_____ (include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.‎ ‎【答案】1. importance ‎ ‎2. attending ‎ ‎3. includes ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国高中的毕业典礼。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应填名词作为介词of的宾语，be of great importance“很重要”，故填importance。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应填attend的动名词形式作为介词to的宾语，故填attending。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，本篇讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语which指代上文的graduation ceremony“毕业典礼”，是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式，故填includes。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Music can be just what you need ____4____ you’re feeling down. The right song can make you smile and feel like getting up and dancing. It can also calm you down when you’re worried. Besides changing ____5____ you feel, music may help your brain work better. Why does music have these powers? It may be because people’s bodies have _____6_____ (nature) rhythms, such as a heartbeat and pulse.‎ ‎【答案】4. when ‎ ‎5. how 6. natural ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐的好处。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查状语从句连词。本句意为“当你情绪低落时，音乐可以成为你所需要的。”，此句是由连词when引导的时间状语从句，表“当……时候”。故填when。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句连接词。本句意为“除了改变你如何去感受外”，change后接宾语从句，从句缺乏方式状语，应用引导词how表“如何/怎样”。故填how。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查形容词。本句意为“这可能是因为人的身体有自然的节律，比如心跳和脉搏。”，名词rhythms要形容词修饰，此空用形容词natural。故填natural。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ I don't like the freezing Northeast winter. So when I had the chance to spend a weekend in Sarasota, Florida, I had my bags ____7____ (pack) in no time. I ____8____ (leave) for the land of warmth, _____9_____ (think) of beaches and orange trees. Swimming pools and pink sunsets filled the weekend. But the best part was a 7:00 am visit to the farmer's market there, _____10_____ proved to be worth the early wake-up call.‎ ‎【答案】7. packed ‎ ‎8. left 9. thinking ‎ ‎10. which ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去弗罗里达州的萨拉塔索度周末的故事。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语bags和pack之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填packed。‎ ‎8题详解】‎ 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的had判断为一般过去时，故填left。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语I和think之间是是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填thinking。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Oseola McCarty Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary ___11___ to an ordinary life, but there was something quite ___12___ about this woman.‎ In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southey Mississippi in her hometown. The ___13___ was to help other African Americans ___14___ university.‎ She had ___15___ school in the sixth grade to go to work, never married, never had children and never learned to drive because there was never any place in ___16___she wanted to go. All she ever had was the work which she saw as a ___17___. Too many other black people in the countryside of Mississippi did not have even that. She had started her savings habit as a young child ‎ when she would return from school to clean and iron ___18___ money which she would then save.‎ When she retired, she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the ___19___ to go to university. She had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look afire sick relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life ____20____ away, she replied, "I'm giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard, like l did. " After news of her donation ____21____ the media, over 600 donations were ____22____ to the scholarship fund. One was given by a media senior manager, Ted Turner, who gave a billion dollars.‎ She didn't want any fuss made over her ____23____, but the news ____24____ and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. ____25____ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words or to ____26____ touch her. She met the ordinary and the ____27____, President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life, before she died of cancer, McCarty was given over 300 awards. She was honored by the United Nations and _____28_____ the Presidential Citizen's Medal. ____29____ having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates: one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true ____30____ does exist.‎ ‎11. A. start B. call C. end D. show ‎12. A. abnormal B. complicated C. common D. exceptional ‎13. A. time B. case C. rule D. money ‎14. A. with B. through C. out D. along ‎15. A. quit B. needed C. opened D. finished ‎16. A. general B. public C. particular D. advance ‎17. A. blessing B. praise C. pleasure D. training ‎18. A. about B. with C. through D. for ‎19. A. ability B. space C. opportunity D. time ‎20. A. happiness B. savings C. time D. experience ‎21. A. ended B. broke C. controlled D. hit ‎22. A. took B. had C. made D. put ‎23. A. gift B. dream C. death D. life ‎24. A. gave off B. got out C. came about D. put away ‎25. A. Wherever B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Whatever ‎26. A. often B. just C. only D. almost ‎27. A. young B. elderly C. famous D. poor ‎28. A. gave B. exhibited C. refused D. received ‎29. A. Despite B. Except C. Besides D. Beyond ‎30. A. wealth B. selflessness C. carefulness D. affection ‎【答案】11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫Oseola McCarty的清洁工在1999年9月去世。她生前将自己的大部分积蓄都捐赠给社会，带动越来越多的人捐赠，证明了世间确实存在无私的精神。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这看起来好像就是一个普通人生命的终结，但事实上这个老人是个例外。A. start开始；B. call电话；C. end结束；D. show表演。根据上文的Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house可知这位老人去世了，即生命结束了，故选C项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这看起来好像就是一个普通人生命的终结，但事实上这个老人是个例外。A. abnormal不正常的；B. complicated复杂的；C. common常见的；D. exceptional例外的。根据上文的It may seem like an ordinary可知此处用“例外的”符合语境，ordinary和exceptional是反义词复现，故选D项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔美国人读完大学用的。A. time时间；B. case案件；C. rule规则；D. money钱。根据上文的In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southey Mississippi in her hometown.可知此处用“钱”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔美国人读完大学用的。A. with和；B. through通过；C. out出去；D. along沿着。根据下文的university.可知此处用“通过”符合语境，through university“读完大学”，故选B项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。A. quit放弃；B. needed需要；C. opened打开；D. finished完成。根据下文的to go to work可知此处用“放弃”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义/介词短语词义辨析。句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。A.(in) general大体上；B. (in)public在公开场合；C. (in)particular特别；D. (in)advance提前。根据never learned to drive可知，她没有特别想去的地方，此处考查固定短语in particular“特别”，故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她曾经所拥有的全部就是被她看作恩赐的那份工作。A. blessing恩赐；B. praise表扬；C. pleasure乐趣；D. training训练。根据下文的Too many other black people in the countryside of Mississippi did not have even that.可知很多非裔美国人都没有工作，由此推测她把工作看作上帝的恩赐，故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：她从小就有存钱的习惯，她会把放学后自己打扫和帮人熨烫挣的钱存起来。A. about关于；B. with和，有，随着；C. through穿过；D. for为了。根据句意可知，她去打扫和熨烫是为了挣钱，for money “为了钱”，故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：退休后，她决定把自己存的钱捐给他们，给经济困难的孩子一个上大学的机会。A. ability能力；B. space空间；C. opportunity机会；D. time 时间。结合上下文可知，此处是指她所捐赠的钱让一些经济能力有限的孩子可以上大学，即给他们提供了上大学的机会，故选C项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为何要捐赠自己一生的积蓄时，她回答：“我捐了钱，那些孩子就不用向我那样艰辛地工作。” A. happiness幸福；B. savings积蓄；C. time时间；D. experience经历。根据据上文的In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life可知此处用“积蓄”符合语境，且上文的She had started her savings habit也有暗示，故选B项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的捐赠事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。A. ended结束；B. broke打破；C. controlled控制；D. hit(网站的) 点击 。根据下文的over 600 donations were ___12___ to the scholarship fund.可知，此处用hit the media表达老人捐款的实际成了媒体上的热门话题，并且带动了其他人的捐款行为，故选D项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的捐赠事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。A. took拿；B. had有；C. made制作，使；D. put放。根据 One was given by a media senior manager, Ted Turner, who gave a billion dollars可知，此处考查固定短语make donations to“向……捐赠”，故选C项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到美国的各个地方去演讲。A. gift捐赠；B. dream梦想；C. death死亡；D. life生活。根据上文的After news of her donation可知此处用“捐赠”符合语境，donation和gift是同义词复现，故选A项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到美国的各个地方去演讲。A. gave off散发；B. got out传出；C. came about产生；D. put away放在一边。根据下文的she was invited all over the United States to talk to people可知她的捐款事迹被传了出去，故选B项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者仅仅和她近距离的接触一下也好。A. Wherever无论哪里；B. Whoever无论谁；C. Whenever无论何时；D. Whatever无论什么。根据上文的she was invited all over the United States to talk to people.和下文的she went可知此处用“无论哪里”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者仅仅和她近距离的接触一下也好。A. often常常；B. just仅仅；C. only只是；D. almost几乎。根据上文的___15___ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words可知她现在很出名，故此处用“仅仅”符合语境，可以表达她的受欢迎程度，故选B项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她见过普通人，也见过有名的人，克林顿总统包括在内。A. young年轻的；B. elderly年老的；C. famous有名的；D. poor穷的。根据下文的President Clinton included.可知此处用“有名的”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她受到联合国的表彰，并获得了总统公民勋章。A. gave给；B. exhibited展览；C. refused拒绝；D. received获得。根据上文的She was honored by the United Nations可知，此处用“获得”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过真正的教育，但她获得了两个荣誉博士称号：一个是美国密西西比南部大学，另一个是哈佛大学。A. Despite尽管；B. Except除了；C. Besides除……外；D. Beyond超过。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故选A项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的慷慨很明显对很多人是一个启发，而且也证明了世间确实存在无私。A. wealth财富；B. selflessness无私；C. carefulness仔细；D. affection喜爱。本文主要讲述老人捐款的故事，再结合上文的Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many可知此处用“无私”符合语境，generosity和selflessness是同义词复现，故选B项。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D ‎ 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A When Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around.‎ ‎“Hello?” she called. “Celia? Marie”‎ There was no response.‎ The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it “Forgotten Island” because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn’t on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn’t know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends — her, Celia, and Marie.‎ But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it was her own fault.‎ ‎“Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat.” Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a hopeless rower. That’s why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island. The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie’s side, as she always did. Lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave. So they got back in the boat and left.‎ A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap. The storm was here. As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina’s mind returned to her current problem. She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she didn’t become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill (寒意) down her back.‎ Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water. It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters. As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.‎ In her excitement Lina jumped into the river. Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving. Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie’s dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie. They didn’t seem to mind becoming wet.‎ ‎31. What can be inferred about the island?‎ A. It is very near the ocean.‎ B It is a popular place for boating.‎ C. It is surrounded by thick forest.‎ D. It has never been reached by others.‎ ‎32. Why did Lina get angry?‎ A. Marie would not help row the boat.‎ B. Lina was left alone on the island.‎ C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.‎ D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.‎ ‎33. What caused Lina to feel a chill?‎ A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.‎ B. The first raindrops of the approaching storm.‎ C. The idea that no one would come to save her.‎ D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.‎ ‎34. Who pulled Lina out of the water?‎ A. Marie’s father.‎ B. Lina herself.‎ C Marie.‎ D. CeliA.‎ ‎【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个女孩儿一同去一座无人的小岛上，因为让谁划船产生了分歧，其中一个女孩Lina生气离开了队友独自留在了岛上。最后被朋友的父亲营救出来的故事。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends — her, Celia, and Marie.可知，丽娜很喜欢这个小岛，它隐藏在河边一条树木繁茂的小溪旁，是她、西莉亚和玛丽这三个朋友之间的秘密。由此可知，小岛是被浓密的森林包围着。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Celia took Marie’s side, as she always did. Lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave.可知，西莉亚一如既往地站在玛丽一边。丽娜大发雷霆，对他们大喊大叫，要她们离开。由此可知，在发生争论时，西莉亚一直支持玛丽，这使得丽娜很生气。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的She just hoped she didn’t become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill (寒意) down her back.可知，她只是希望她不会像这个岛一样被遗忘。一想到这，她就不寒而栗。由此可知，丽娜一想到自己可能会像这个岛一样被遗忘，没有人来救她，这不禁使她有了一阵寒意。故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie’s dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie.可知，幸运的是，一只强壮的手臂伸进了水里，把她拉了出来。她对玛丽的父亲微微一笑，一言不发地拥抱了西莉亚和玛丽。由此可知，玛丽的父亲把丽娜从水里拉了上来。故选A。‎ B ‎72 Hours in Beijing Traveling to China is no longer a luxury for many foreign passport holders. The Chinese government has permitted a 72-hour visa-free policy that offers access to visitors from 53 countries including the US, France and Austria. Let’s start with the capital of China, Beijing. Here’s a pick of the best in Beijing!‎ Mutianyu Great Wall Your trip to Beijing isn’t really complete without seeing one of the “New Seven Wonders of the World”, the Great Wall of China. The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall is by far the most well-preserved of all. Taking a one-hour bus ride Mutianyu would be your ideal location for a half day of hiking away from the large crowds in the city. Also the authorities have allowed tourists to paint graffiti on a specific section of the Great Wall since 2014. The Great Wall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.‎ ‎798 Art Zone This would be on the top of my list! Named after the 798 factory that was built in the 1950s.‎ ‎ The art zone is home to various galleries, design studios, art exhibition spaces, fashionable shops and bars. You could easily spend half your day wandering around the complex, feeling the contrast of the present and the past.‎ Summer Palace Located in northwestern Beijing, the Summer Palace is by far the city’s most well-preserved royal park. With its huge lake and hilltop views, the palace offers you a pastoral escape into the landscape of traditional Chinese paintings. The Summer Palace was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.‎ Sichuan Provincial Restaurant While in Beijing, apart from trying the city’s best-known Peking duck the Sichuan provincial restaurant is one of the places where you can enjoy regional delicious food. It offers one of China’s eight great cuisines, Sichuan, which ranges from Mapo tofu to spicy chicken.‎ ‎35. Which of the following is true about the Mutianyu Great Wall?‎ A. You can paint graffiti anywhere.‎ B. You need a half day to get there.‎ C. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2014.‎ D. It is the most well-preserved part of the Great Wall.‎ ‎36. When was the Summer Palace added to the UNESCO World Heritage List?‎ A. In1950. B. In 1987. C. In 1998. D. In 2014.‎ ‎37. Which place is the author’s first choice when visiting Beijing?‎ A. Mutianyu Great Wall. B. Summer Palace.‎ C. 798 Art Zone. D. Sichuan Provincial Restaurant.‎ ‎【答案】35. D 36. C 37. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。中国政府允许免签证的外籍游客可以在中国停留72小时。本文重点介绍了如何利用这72小时参观北京不容错过的四个目的地。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Mutianyu Great Wall中的第二句“The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall is ‎ by far the most well-preserved of all.”可知，慕田峪长城是迄今为止保存最完好的长城。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Summer palace中的最后一句“The Summer Palace was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in1998.”可知，颐和园是1998年被列入世界文化遗产名录的。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据798 Art zone中的第一句“This would be on the top of my list!”可知，作者参观北京第一个要去的地方就是798Art Zone。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题简述 ‎ 提问文章细节的选择题是阅读理解题中的常见题型，用来考查考生对文章内涵（即事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等方面）的理解。‎ 如何回答细节理解题？‎ 提问文章细节的选择题一般针对文章中某个特定细节或涉及若干细节。一般来说，围绕文章细节的命题大部分题目都可以在原文中找到答案，或者需要稍微变通一下，寻找文中关键词的同义词或释意，这是表层理解。以上三个小题在文中都能直接发现答案，属于直接理解题目，难度低。‎ C Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.‎ The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely ‎ to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.‎ Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.‎ Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger. Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.‎ ‎38. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.‎ A. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health C. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity ‎39. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?‎ A. They are more likely to get over hardship.‎ B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.‎ C. They generally appear more resourceful.‎ D. They have a good understanding of evolution.‎ ‎40. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？‎ A. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.‎ B. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.‎ C. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.‎ D. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.‎ ‎41. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?‎ A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.‎ B. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.‎ C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.‎ D. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.‎ ‎【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇科教类阅读．文章主要介绍了一些影响长寿的因素．‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据"The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的） than other people．Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic（同情的） and cooperative than women with a normal life span．"可知研究目的是要发现什么样的性格品质会影响一个人的寿命。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据"These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times．"可知作者认为外向并有同情心的人更容易克服困难。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.可知，这项研究发现可能自律等人格特征对长寿没有影响。故选D。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据"But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health．"可知长寿不仅与一个人的身体健康有关，而且与其心理健康也有很大关系。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。本题第4小题，根据"But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health．"‎ 可知长寿不仅与一个人的身体健康有关，而且与其心理健康也有很大关系。故选D。‎ D When most people think of the word, “brand”, they think of the Nike Swoosh, Ford “blue oval,” McDonalds Golden Arches, or the “State Farm is There” jingle. They know what theywill get with a wellbranded product or service as promised. Think of Volvo, for instance, and your first thoughts are probably something like “well built, comfortable, Swedish” and, most of all, “safety”.‎ So a brand is a lot more than a logo, icon, or slogan. Catchy as it may sound, it isn’t the “brand” in the true sense—and it certainly isn’t what makes the brand valuable.A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value. Also, it’s the feeling the company conveys to its stakeholders. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value.To illustrate it, here are some brand promises from three highly successful, world-wide brands:The NFL: “To be the premier sports and entertainment brand that brings people together, connecting them socially and emotionally like no other.”Coca-Cola: “To inspire moments of optimism and uplift.”VirginAtlantic: “To be genuine, fun, contemporary, and different in everything we do at a reasonable price.”‎ Interesting. In none of the above cases does the brand promise describe what these companies do or provide. The NFL’s brand promise says nothing about football. Coca-Cola doesn’t talk about providing the best soft drinks in the world. And Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.‎ Of course, a promise is nowhere near enough. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work combined can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光泽) of what I call “me” appeal, showing my personal appetite. Apple has that patina. All of this can lead to sub-brands, like iPhone and iPad which acquire the glory of the parent brand.‎ Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. It is called the Penny Arcade that turns depositing your coins into a fun game in which you can even win prizes. Years ago, Dime Savings Bank in New York had a small dime(十分硬币) carrier. It was given to kids and then they’d fill up ‎ its 50 slots (投币口) with a dime in each one and bring it to exchange for a $5 bill.‎ ‎42. What can we know from the first 2 paragraphs?‎ A. People tend to believe in top brands because they deliverwhat is promised.‎ B. Well branded Swedish products are of good quality but more costly than others.‎ C. Well branded products are faced with great challenges of quality currently.‎ D. A company shouldn’t care about logos because they can’t make the brand valuable.‎ ‎43. In the author’s opinion, a brand promise is ___________.‎ A. thecontract between a company and the people who interact with it B. the only way to build and maintain a great brand’s value C. a description of what a company actually does for its consumers D. an important factor contributing to the success of a brand ‎44. According to the passage, what isprobably “Virgin Atlantic”?‎ A. A financial company. B. A high-tech software product.‎ C. An airline company. D. An entertainment product.‎ ‎45. What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Buying a certain brand says nothing about the person who buys it.‎ B. Little things can mean a lot and make a brand memorable.‎ C. Sub-brands are relatively easy to build and generate huge profits.‎ D. Dime Savings Bank’s dime carriers are difficult for kids to operate.‎ ‎【答案】42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文。当大多数人想到“品牌”这个词时，他们想到的是耐克的标志，福特的“蓝色椭圆”。文章告诉我们“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。”‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised.第二段中A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value.可知，从第二段我们知道“人们倾向于相信顶级品牌，因为他们兑现了承诺。”故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. 笔者认为，品牌承诺是一个品牌成功的重要因素。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.根据文章，“Virgin Atlantic”可能“一个航空公司。”故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things.从这篇文章可以推断出“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。”故选B。‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ There is an English saying, ''_____46_____'' Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. ____47____‎ Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.___48___ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.‎ Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. ____49____‎ ‎____50____They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.‎ A. Laughter can surely last one's life.‎ B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.‎ C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.‎ D. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet.‎ E. They have proved that laughter can really cure any disease if people keep a good state of mind.‎ F. Laughter is the best medicine.‎ G. They have found that laughter really can improve people's health.‎ ‎【答案】46. F 47. G 48. D 49. C 50. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了欢笑确实对身体健康有益处。人们发现笑与身体运动有相似的作用，欢笑能改善人们的健康，笑能增加血压、心脏跳动，还能锻炼面部、胃部甚至足部的肌肉群。而笑能减轻疼痛的原因似乎是笑会产生一种减轻压力和疼痛的化学物质。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据下文的Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.(但是，现在医生已经开始研究笑，以及它对人体的影响)可知，本文主要讲述笑和健康的关系，故此次用F. Laughter is the best medicine.(笑是最好的药)符合文意，且这也是一句英语谚语，故选F项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 上文Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.(但是，现在医生已经开始研究笑，以及它对人体的影响)与G. They have found that laughter really can improve people's health.(他们发现笑真的可以改善人们的健康)承接自然，上文提到研究，选项给出研究结果，且选项的they就是上文的doctors，故选G项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 上文It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise．(人们发现笑与身体运动有相似的作用)与D. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet.(它能增加血压、心脏跳动和呼吸，还能锻炼面部、胃部甚至足部的肌肉群。)承接自然，选项所陈述的内容就是笑和体育运动相似的效果，且选项中的it就是上文的laughter，故选D项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 上文Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.‎ ‎ (其它一些测试表明笑似乎能够降低疼痛对身体的影响)与C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.( 笑能减轻疼痛的原因似乎是笑会产生一种减轻压力和疼痛的化学物质)承接自然，上下文话题一致，reduce是关键词，故选C项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 下文They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing，making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter．(他们发现，即使他们的病人真的不想笑，让他们微笑也能产生类似于笑所产生的有益效果。)与B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.( 由于这些发现，一些在美国的医生建立了笑诊所，在那里他们通过鼓励他们的病人笑来改善他们的病情)承接自然，上下文话题一致，且下文的they就是选项提到的doctors，patient是关键词，故选B项。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）‎ 第一节（15 分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你写信建议你的美国朋友George 参加中国日报 （China Daily）专门为外国人举办的2018“最美中国”（Amazing China）手机摄影大赛。信的内容包括:‎ ‎1. 作品内容要求；‎ ‎2. 提交时间和方式；‎ ‎3. 表示愿意提供帮助。‎ 注意： 1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear George,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear George,‎ ‎ How is everything going? I have some exciting news for you! China Daily will hold a mobile photo contest named “Amazing China”, only open to foreigners. I know you love photography, so why not give it a try?‎ The contest welcomes submissions about natural scenery, famous places or historical sites, local customs of China and so forth. And every photo should be accompanied with an explanation: time, place, name of the work, and stories behind. Photos edited with Photoshop or any other software will not be accepted. Each participant can turn in three photos at most to Liuying@chinadaily.com. Deadline for entries is Oct.15, 2018. ‎ For more information, you can refer to China Daily’s official website. ‎ ‎ Well, I have to go now, for I have tons of homework to do. If you are interested, I’m more than happy to be your photography companion.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一封书信。你写信建议你的美国朋友George 参加中国日报 （China Daily）专门为外国人举办的2018“最美中国”（Amazing China）手机摄影大赛。信的内容包括:作品内容要求；提交时间和方式；表示愿意提供帮助。写作时要认真阅读前面的提示，根据所给要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【亮点说明】‎ 本文是一封书信，格式正确，内容齐全，结构布局合理，文中使用高级句子。will hold a mobile ‎ photo contest named “Amazing China”,过去分词做后置定语；why not give it a try?‎ 句中使用why not do sth.的固定句式；And every photo should be accompanied with an explanation:句中使用含情态动词的被动语态；I have to go now, for I have tons of homework to do.此处for是并列连词，表示“原因”； If you are interested, I’m more than happy to be your photography companion.句中if引导条件状语从句。‎ 第二节（20 分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。你班同学张强即将去国外读书，下面四幅图描述了同学们为他送行的过程，请根据图片的先后顺序用英语写一篇日记。‎ 注意：1. 日记的开头已为你写好。‎ ‎2. 词数不少于60。‎ Monday, March 10 Fine ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Monday, March 10                                            Fine This afternoon, we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang, who was going to study abroad. In the beginning, he made a brief speech to express his true love for the class and his wish for an everlasting friendship with us. We were all moved to tears. Then came the moment to present him with the special gift, a heart-shaped board with some photos recording the unforgettable days we had spent together. Afterwards, we signed on his T-shirt expressing our best wishes and encouragement as a reminder. ‎ At last, we had a photo taken to memorize this precious moment. True friendship won't be weakened by distance. We'll surely miss him and wish him good luck in the future.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。同学张强要去国外学习，本篇要求考生根据图片所给的内容写一篇日记。‎ ‎【详解】体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应以一般过去时为主 结构：总分总 ‎ 要求：‎ 根据图片提示，该日记主要包括以下内容 张强发言，表达对友谊的看法 同学们给张强特别的礼物 张强让同学在T恤上签名 大家一起拍照留念 ‎ 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）‎ hold a meeting/ study abroad/ in the beginning/ everlasting/ move to tears/ present/ sign/ precious/ memorize/ hear-shaped 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. This afternoon, we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang, who was going to study abroad. ‎ ‎2. In the beginning, he made a brief speech to express his true love for the class and his wish for an everlasting friendship with us. ‎ ‎3. We were all moved to tears. ‎ ‎4. Then came the moment to present him with the special gift, a heart-shaped board with some photos recording the unforgettable days we had spent together.‎ ‎5. Afterwards, we signed on his T-shirt expressing our best wishes and encouragement as a reminder. ‎ ‎6. At last, we had a photo taken to memorize this precious moment. ‎ ‎7. True friendship won't be weakened by distance. ‎ ‎8. We'll surely miss him and wish him good luck in the future. ‎ 第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）‎ 表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…‎ 状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…‎ 定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…‎ 第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：This afternoon, we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang, who was going to study abroad.中who引导的非限制性定语从句。‎