2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习必修3学案：Module4SandstormsinAsia 19页

Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．sandstorm n．　　沙尘暴 ‎2．inland adj. 内地的；内陆的 ‎3．campaign n. 战役；活动 ‎4．dune n. 沙丘 ‎5．citizen n. 公民；市民 ‎6．dust n. 沙尘；灰尘 ‎7．cycle vi. 骑自行车 ‎8．mask n. 面罩 ‎9．carbon n. 碳 ‎10．dioxide n. 二氧化物 ‎11．melt vi. 融化 ‎12．coastal adj. 沿海的 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．mass adj.　　大量的；大规模的 ‎ ‎2．process n. 进程；过程 ‎ ‎3．forecast vt. 预报；预告 ‎ ‎4．atmosphere n. 大气；大气层；气氛 ‎ ‎5．chemical n. 化学药品 ‎ ‎6．environment n. 环境 ‎ ‎7．garbage n. 废料；垃圾 ‎ ‎8．recycle v. 重新利用；再循环 ‎ ‎9．scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的 ‎ ‎10．absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→fright n．害怕；恐惧 ‎ ‎2．strength n．力量；力气→strengthen vt.加强→strong adj.强壮的；坚强的 ‎ ‎3．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的→concern n．&vt. 关心；担心；与……相关→concerning prep.关于；就……而言 ‎4．evidence n．根据；证明→evident adj.明显的 ‎ ‎5．major adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→majority n．大多数 ‎ ‎6．urgent adj.紧急的→urge vt.催促；极力主张 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．The frightening scene frightened the boy. He felt frightened but he tried to hide his fright.(fright)‎ ‎2．Knowing our strength is very important. But the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.(strength)‎ ‎3．Lacking proper protection against cold, we try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)‎ ‎4．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.(urgent)‎ ‎5．The public have shown great concern about the food safety, because it concerns the ‎→urgency n．紧急情况 ‎7．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染 ‎ ‎8．complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨 ‎ ‎9．protection n．保护→protect vt.保护 ‎ people's health. It is hoped that the authorities concerned can really do something about the issue concerning the public health. (concern)‎ ‎6．The majority of us agreed to take the major road to go to Beijing.(major)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.as_a_result_of　　　由于；因为 ‎2．cut_down 砍倒；减少；削减 ‎3．have_a_bad_effect_on 对……有坏影响 ‎4．take_in 吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎5．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(风暴 等)；被困住 ‎6．one_after_another 一个接一个地 ‎7．look_through 浏览；仔细检查 ‎ ‎8．in_a_nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 ‎ ‎9．put_..._into_... 把……放进……‎ ‎1.Even though the computer games had_a_bad_effect_on him, he still went his own way. ‎ ‎2．I will extremely appreciate it if my advice gets approved. In_a_nutshell,_what I want to tell you is that the Chinese are very easy to get on with. ‎ ‎3．Having adjusted themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one_after_another. ‎ ‎4．I have looked_through all my papers but I still can't find my notes. ‎ ‎5．It's said that nonsmokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. ‎ ‎6．I was_caught_in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. ‎ ‎7．Deserts are also created because people cut_down trees and dig up grass. ‎ ‎8．Millions of people are suffering from starvation as_a_result_of_ drought and poor harvests.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.‎ 沙尘常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。‎ so ... that ...引导结果状语从句。‎ 我们做得如此好，以至于被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。‎ We did so_well_that we were invited to share our ideas and ‎ experience with all the students in our school.‎ ‎2.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.‎ 暴风有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。‎ ‎“make it＋adj./n.＋to do ...”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。‎ 他们应该讲清楚使我们知道怎样操作这台机器。‎ They should make_it_clear_for_us_to_know how to operate the machine.‎ ‎3.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. ‎ 然后垃圾会被运走，如果可能的话，予以回收利用。‎ if possible“如果可能的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。‎ 如果可能的话，我出差去上海时会探望我叔叔。‎ If_possible,_I will visit my uncle when I go to Shanghai on business.‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．strength n．力量；力气；长处；优势；强度 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Great determination and ambition are his great strengths (strength)．‎ ‎②(2017·北京高考) One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strength) new memories.‎ ‎③Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength.‎ ‎④The patient was too weak to have the strength_to_stand (stand) up.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)strengths and weaknesses　　 优势和劣势 build up one's strength 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 ‎(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固 ‎ strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤Knowing your strength and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.‎ strength→strengths_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2015·广东高考写作)‎ 尽管DNA测试将有助于增强人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。‎ While DNA test will help_strengthen_people's_health_consciousness,_it is more probable that it will lead to overanxiety.‎ ‎2．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Nowadays people are more concerned about/for the environment where they live. ‎ ‎②As far as I'm concerned (concern), it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. ‎ ‎③The theory of relativity is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)be concerned about/for　　　 关心；挂念 be concerned with/in ... 牵扯进/参与……‎ as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言 ‎(2)concern n．& vt. 关心；担心；与……相关 ‎ show/express one's concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；就……而言 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④People are very concerned about the problems concerned the environment.第二个concerned→concerning_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长它。‎ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_the more you practise papercutting, the better at it you will become.‎ ‎3．urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①In case of urgency (urge), call the police.‎ ‎②The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.‎ ‎③(2016·江苏高考) Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)in urgent need of　　　　 急需 ‎(2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张；强烈要求 n． 冲动；强烈的欲望；迫切的要求 urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 力劝/敦促某人做某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth. 强烈要求/极力主张某人做某事 ‎(3)urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况 urgently adv. 急需地；迫切地 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④They urged that the library was kept open during the vacation.was→be_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤第三，我速度快，可以当场处理各种紧急情况。‎ Third, I'm fast and can_deal_with_all_kinds_of_urgent_cases_on_the_spot.‎ ‎4．complain v．抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I am now writing to make a complaint about the service of your hotel. ‎ ‎②She often complains about/of not feeling appreciated at work. ‎ ‎③The police received several complaints (complain) about the noise from our party. ‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚 ‎ complain (to sb.) that ...　 　 (向某人)抱怨…… ‎ ‎(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告 ‎ make a complaint about sth. 抱怨/投诉某事 ‎ make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④The husband couldn't tolerate the wife's endless complaint, so he decided to divorce her.complaint→complaints_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤一些高中学生抱怨他们没有时间阅读，因为他们有太多的家庭作业要做。‎ Some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read_because they had too much homework to do.‎ ‎1．take in吸收；收留；包括；理解；领会；欺骗 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎ ‎①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留 ‎②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收 ‎③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗 ‎⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解_‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ take away　　　　 拿走；夺走 ‎ take down 写下，记下；拆卸 ‎ take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 ‎ take on 接纳；雇用；呈现；承担 ‎ take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎ ‎⑥No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job. ‎ ‎⑦I know how busy you must be and naturally I won't want to take up too much of your time. ‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑧你必须学着记下关键点，尽管你不能理解它们。‎ You have to learn to take_down_the_key_points even though you don't take_them_in.‎ ‎2．cut down削减；删减；减少；砍倒；降低；夺去……的生命 ‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中cut down的含义 ‎①My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.减少_‎ ‎②This article is too long, and you have to cut it down to 1,000 words.删减_‎ ‎③Immediate action should be taken, like stopping cutting down to better the environment.砍倒_‎ ‎④Hunger, cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.夺去……的生命_‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ cut in　　　　　　 插话；让某人分享利润 ‎ cut up 切碎；齐根切掉 ‎ cut out 删除 ‎ cut through 开辟 ‎ cut off 切断；中止；隔绝；剥夺继承权 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎ ‎⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power.‎ ‎⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.‎ ‎⑦Please do me a favor — cut_up the carrots and put them in the pot.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑧只有当我们减少交通事故，我们才能过上更幸福的生活。 ‎ Only when we cut_down_the_traffic_accidents can we live a happier life.‎ ‎3．look through浏览；仔细检查 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ look into　　　　　　　　 调查；了解 ‎ look up 仰视；查阅 ‎ look up to sb. 尊敬某人 ‎ look forward to 盼望(to为介词) ‎ look down upon/on 瞧不起 ‎ look back on/at 回顾 ‎ look ahead (to sth.) 展望未来；为将来设想 ‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎ ‎①He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray's Anatomy at the time.‎ ‎②In order to look_into the matter further，we searched some useful information at the accident site.‎ ‎③The children are looking forward to receiving (receive) lucky money, playing happily with each other, and setting off fireworks excitedly.‎ 易错对对碰(look up/look up to)‎ ‎④I always look_up_to those who never look down on others, even though they have achieved great achievements.‎ ‎⑤Think after you read which words you need to look_up.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥当新年到来时，该是我们回顾过去、展望未来的时候了。‎ It is time for us to look_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_future when the new ‎ year comes.‎ ‎4．so ... that ...引导结果状语从句 ‎　[教材原句]　They are often so_thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①Keeping a learning diary every day is so_important_that I would like to introduce it to you.每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，以至于我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。‎ ‎②He was so_responsible_a_teacher_that we were all deeply moved. ‎ 他是一位如此负责的老师，以至于我们都被深深地感动了。‎ ‎③There were so_many_books_in_the_shop_that he didn't know which to buy.‎ 书店里那么多书，以至于他不知道该买哪些。‎ ‎④Dalian is such_an_attractive_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year. ‎ 大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。‎ ‎⑤He has made such_great_progress_that the teachers are pleased with him.他进步很快，老师们对他感到很满意。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ 用法规则 so/such ...that ...句型的基本结构：‎ ‎(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that ... ‎ ‎(2)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that ... ‎ ‎(3)so＋many/few/much/little(少)＋n.＋that ...‎ ‎(4)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that ...‎ ‎(5)such＋adj.＋n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)＋that ... ‎ 注意事项 当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such ...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。例如：‎ So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.‎ 我非常兴奋，迫不及待地想尝试骑自行车。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2018·浙江高考写作)My father telephoned the police station, but it couldn't get through. It was so far away that there was no signal.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)This passage tells us that Monty Roberts, who had such strong belief that he didn't give up his dream all the time, eventually succeeded in owning a horse ranch.‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“人与环境”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 话题词汇记一记 子话题(一)　天气 温故浅易词汇 ‎①freeze　②cool　③cold ‎④frost ⑤icy ⑥snowy ‎⑦melt ⑧heat ⑨hot ‎⑩warm ⑪sunny ⑫dry 识记生疏词汇 ‎①windy adj.多风的，有风的　②breeze n．微风 ‎③thunderstorm n．暴风雨 ④downpour n．倾盆大雨 ‎⑤damp adj.潮湿的 ⑥mist n．薄雾 ‎⑦smog n．烟雾 ⑧haze n．雾霾 子话题(二)　自然灾害的救援及灾后重建 温故浅易词汇 ‎①provide　②supply　　③predict ‎ ‎④shelter ⑤rescue ⑥donate 识记生疏词汇 ‎①survival n．幸存　　②survivor n．幸存者 ‎③confirm vt.确认；确定；证实 ④relief n．救济品 ‎⑤recover v．恢复 ⑥rebuild v．重建 ‎⑦participate v．参与；参加 ⑧estimate v．估计 常用词块忆一忆 ‎①environmental protection　　　 环境保护 ‎②stay put 留在原处不动 ‎③be stuck in 困住；陷于 ‎④search for 寻找；搜索 ‎⑤let off waste water 排放废水 ‎⑥prevent/protect ... from 阻止/保护……‎ ‎⑦keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡 ‎⑧attach great importance to 十分重视 ‎⑨use up/run out of 用光，耗尽 ‎⑩live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活 ‎⑪play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 ‎⑫throw away 丢弃 ‎⑬arouse people's awareness of 提高人们的……意识 ‎⑭fight against 与……作斗争 ‎⑮in danger of 处于……危险中 写作佳句背一背 ‎①Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way. ‎ ‎②Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted. ‎ ‎③Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 二、话题书面表达亮一点 ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．主题：环境保护；‎ ‎2．展览时间；‎ ‎3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ [写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 be welcome to, environmental protection, participate, send ...to ..., start, surely, theme　　‎ ‎1．我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。‎ Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold__an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.‎ ‎2．展览的主题是环境保护。‎ The_theme_of_the_show__is_environmental_protection.‎ ‎3．它将从6月15日开始。‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th.‎ ‎4．欢迎任何对它感兴趣的人来参加。‎ Anyone_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to__participate._‎ ‎5．我记得你曾经给我展示了一些关于这个主题的照片。‎ I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos__on_the_theme._‎ ‎6．这确实是个好机会。‎ This_is_surely_a_good_chance.‎ ‎7．你可以把照片发送到邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。‎ You_can_send_your_photos_to__intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎8．在第3句中加入并列成分“持续三个周”。‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.‎ ‎9．用the last time引导的状语从句“上次你参观我们学校时”扩充第5句。‎ I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.‎ ‎10．在第6句中加入定语“让更多的人看到它们”，具体说明chance的内容。‎ This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.‎ ‎11．在第7句中加入条件状语从句“如果你想加入”。‎ If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎1．用whose引导的非限制性定语从句合并第1句和第2句。‎ Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.‎ ‎2．用whoever引导的主语从句改写第4句。‎ Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 第一段中使用点题句型I am writing to tell you that ...引出展览及主题；第二段中用therefore总结参加展览的好处；第三段使用常用句型“希望早日收到你的来信”结束全文。‎ Dear_Peter，‎ I_am_writing_to_tell_you_that_our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection._‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks._Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate._I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school._Therefore,_this_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them._If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Universities call all the students to learn to recycle (重新利用) all the waste paper.‎ ‎2．The weatherman has forecast (预报) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.‎ ‎3．Economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment ‎ (环境)．‎ ‎4．Cycling is an absolutely (绝对地) energysaving means of transportation.‎ ‎5．By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process (进程)．‎ ‎6．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere (气氛) or soften statements.‎ ‎7．There is convincing evidence (根据) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.‎ ‎8．He did nothing but complain (抱怨) to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.‎ Ⅱ.语境语法填空 ‎1．It's generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. They take ❶in carbon dioxide and give ❷out oxygen.However, if we keep on ❸cutting (cut) down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come one after ❹another. ‎ ‎2．Nowadays the number of electric cars is rising rapidly, which has a bad effect ❶on/upon the road safety. Often we ❷are_caught (catch) in the traffic jam ❸as a result of electric car drivers not obeying traffic rules. And if we look ❹through newspapers, we can often see accidents caused by electric cars.‎ ‎3．Now more and more people have realised that air pollution affected their health and complained ❶of/about it. However, it is no use complaining. As far as I'm ❷concerned (concern), it is urgent to ❸strengthen (strength) people's awareness of the environmental protection.‎ Ⅲ.语境改错 文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。‎ Li Hua is good student, who strength is maths. But his weakness is English. His English teacher advised him to look through English newspapers every day and did some reading comprehension if possibly. Li Hua followed the teacher's advice. He studied such hard that he caught up with others in no time. ‎ 答案：第一句：good前加a; who→whose 第三句：did→do; possibly→possible 第五句：such→so Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．作为一名学生，你应该把心思放到学习上。(put ... into ... )‎ As a student, you should put_your_heart_into_study. ‎ ‎2．朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。(urge)‎ My friends urged_that_I__(should)_apply_for_the_job.‎ ‎3．互联网使得人们可以更容易地获取他们所需要的信息。(make it＋adj.＋to do) ‎ The Internet makes_it_easier_for_people_to_get the information they want.‎ ‎4．如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。(if省略句)‎ If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ ‎5．He spoke so loudly that every people in the next room could hear him. ‎ ‎→So loudly_did_he_speak_that every people in the next room could hear him.‎ Ⅴ. 短文填空 ‎(Ⅰ)根据提示填空 ‎❶Due_to (由于) climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area ❷is_decreasing (decrease). This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.‎ Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets ❸floating (float) on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced ❹to_spend(spend) more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales ❺caught(catch) by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they ❻normally (normal) catch on ice sheets. The shrinking (减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of ❼drowned (drown) polar bears have been observed.Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day ❽disappear (appear)．‎ ‎(Ⅱ)片段选词填空 a better chance of， because of， die out， surprising， during the next 50 years， find out， frightening， in great danger of ‎ A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to ❶find_out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that ❷during_the_next_50_years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plants and animal species will ❸die_out by 2050.‎ The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were ❹frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals ❺because_of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.‎ The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had ❻a_better_chance_of survival because they could move ‎ uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are ❼in_great_danger_of dying out. The scientists found many ❽surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. ‎ ‎3．(2018·江苏高考)As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others' judgement on the product or service concerned (concern)．‎ ‎4．(2018·6月浙江高考) Meanwhile, my horse got frightened (frighten), jumped up, and ran around wildly.‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Besides, I advise you to go to the library to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better take in the poems to be learned.‎ ‎6．(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.‎ ‎7．(2016·江苏高考)In a nutshell, internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted.‎ ‎8．(2016·天津高考)The majority (major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 ‎(选用complain, cut down, take in填空)‎ ‎1．(2016·10月浙江高考完形填空)Then I asked him if he had __48__ the amount of feed he had given the chickens.cut_down ‎2．(2015·浙江高考完形填空)The thing is, a number of them have admitted that despite their success, they aren't happy.Some __27__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eighthour workweeks devoted to tasks they hate.complain ‎3．(2013·江苏高考完形填空)Four years later, I moved back into town.I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __53__ a handful of people.take_in 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：社会发展需要优质的环境，但同时社会发展也难以避免地会给环境造成一定的破坏。如何在推动社会发展的同时更加有效地保护环境是一个全球问题。随着人们环保意识的提高，“绿水青山就是金山银山”的观念正日益深入人心，有关环保和可持续性发展的文章正出现在高考的各种题型中。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎[1]A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m－15.24m.‎ ‎[2]It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.‎ ‎[3]If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.‎ ‎[4]Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such. Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit. ‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。‎ ‎1．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better ________.‎ A．stop your car in the middle of the road B．continue to make your way C．stop and ask for help D．stop your car on the side of the road 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road ...”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D。‎ ‎2．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are ________.‎ A．useful　　　　　　　 B．useless C．harmful D．powerful 解析：选A　推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它并不是毫无益处的。“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the writer, a sandstorm ________.‎ A．is the result of human activities B．can be prevented C．can't completely disappear on the earth D．can't be forecast 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。故选C。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 推理判断技法(2)——利用正向思维推断 所谓正向思维，就是人们在创造性思维活动中，沿袭某些常规去分析问题，按事物发展的进程进行思考、推测，是一种从已知到未知的揭示事物本质的思维方法。做题时，我们可以根据文章的关键信息(事实)，沿着作者原来的思路从正面去分析问题，从而得出新的结论。如上文第3题，抓住本文关键信息“Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled.”，利用正向思维去分析、判断，我们可以得出结论：沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失。因此此题的正确答案为C项。‎ A Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.‎ Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.‎ Situated in the centralAsia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.‎ The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a ‎ year.‎ The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.‎ Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total. ‎ 语篇解读：近年来中国遭受严重的风沙袭击，而中国也被认为是风沙的来源之一，经过一番努力中国在治沙方面取得了显著的成效。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Going down.　　　　　 B．Going up.‎ C．Coming from. D．Taking up.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，故选A项。‎ ‎2．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from?‎ A．The northwestern Chinese regions.‎ B．The northern Chinese regions.‎ C．The western part of China.‎ D．Foreign countries.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，去年袭击中国的沙尘暴大部分来自外国，故选D项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia?‎ A．Mongolia. B．Africa.‎ C．China. D．Australia.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms ... sand source to northeast Asia”可知中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from this passage?‎ A．The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.‎ B．China has made achievements in its own desertification control.‎ C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.‎ D．Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段提到“The land suffering from ... falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.”遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方千米，沙地的区域每年减少1 284平方千米，可推知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。‎ B In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820. Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross. She was to become Harriet Tubman. She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.‎ From the age of five, Harriet Tubman's owners made her work very hard. First, she cared for the child of the farm owner. Then, she did hard work on large farms.‎ Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right. Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.‎ One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old. Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt. For the rest of her life, Tubman's head wound caused problems for her.‎ When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. But she was still a slave. Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape. She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North. Tubman became a free woman.‎ But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South. So she travelled back to help them escape as well. Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the US.‎ Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people — especially to those who fight for justice. She encouraged people to never give up.‎ ‎“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼的事迹。‎ ‎5．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?‎ A．She was born a slave.‎ B．She was born in Africa.‎ C．She was taken to the US by a slave trader.‎ D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a girl was born into slavery”可知，哈莉特·塔布曼出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。‎ ‎6．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________.‎ A．planned to run away B．helped a slave escape C．fought bravely against her owner D．was seriously wounded in her head 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when she was 13 years old”和“her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt”可知，塔布曼在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。‎ ‎7．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________.‎ A．honest and friendly B．strong and helpful C．lucky and careful D．clever and polite 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文中对塔布曼事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获得了自由。由此可知，B项正确。‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Africans' Fight for Freedom B．Harriet Tubman: From Slave to Hero C．The History of Slavery in the United States D．The American Civil War: The North Against the South 解析：选B　标题归纳题。哈莉特·塔布曼出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获得新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为一名英雄。故B项为最佳标题。‎