2019届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（25页word版） 30页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit 4Global warming单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　 vi.扫视;看一下 ‎ ‎ n.一瞥 ‎2.　　　　 vt.拥护;提倡;主张 ‎ ‎3.　　　　 n.数量;量 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 n.种类;范围 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.后果;结果;影响 ‎ ‎6.　　　　 n.现象 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.教育家;教育工作者 ‎ ‎8.　　　　 n.资料;数据 ‎ ‎9.　　　　 n.图表;坐标图;曲线图 ‎ ‎10.　　　　 adj.平稳的;持续的;稳固的 ‎ ‎11.　　　　 adj.平均的 ‎ ‎12.　　　　 adj.分布广的;普遍的 ‎ ‎13.　　　　vt.反对;反抗 ‎ ‎14.　　　　vt.陈述;说明 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.consume vt. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.refresh vt. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.subscribe v. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.circumstance n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.fuel n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.existence n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.commitment n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.tendency n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.catastrophe n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.electrical adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.random adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.casual adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎13.mild adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎14.renewable adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎15.measurement n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎16.trend n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎17.environmentalist n. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎18.economical adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎19.nuclear adj.　　　　　　  ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　 n.污染;弄脏→　　　　 vt.污染 ‎ ‎2.　　　　 n.增长;生长→　　　　 vt. & vi.种植;生长;增多 ‎ ‎3.　　　　 n.分歧;不一致→　　　　 vi.不同意→　　　　 n.同意;协议→　　　　 vi.同意 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 vt.陈述;说明→　　　　 n.陈述;声明 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.贡献→　　　　 v.贡献 ‎ ‎6.　　　　 vt.反对;反抗;与(某人)较量→　　　　 adj.反对的;对立的 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　　　　发生;造成 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　上升;增长;升起 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　即使 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　继续 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　忍受;容忍 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　大体上;基本上 ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　代表……一方;作为……的代言人 ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　 result in ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　be opposed to ‎ ‎10.　　　　　　subscribe to ‎ ‎11.　　　　　　quantities of ‎ ‎12.　　　　　　and so on ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on 　　　　　　 (只要你在使用) it—if not,turn it off! ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　　　　　　　(制作物品要花费大量的能源)from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials. ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　(毫无疑问)the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　(即使我们开始减少) the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to 　　　　　　(持续转暖) for decades or centuries. ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.Rain and storm are 　　　 (现象)of weather. ‎ ‎2.　　　 (对比)with that novel, this one is of great interest.  ‎ ‎3.You can　　　(订阅) to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. ‎ ‎4.All around the world, we can see the　　　(后果) of this throwaway lifestyle.  ‎ ‎5.The villagers　　　 　　　　　　 (反对)gaining money by cutting the trees on the hill. ‎ ‎6.Please call 110 as soon as the accident　　　 　　　(发生). ‎ ‎7.I wouldn't lose courage　　　 　　　(即使)I would fail ten times. ‎ ‎8.　　　 　　　(大量)drugs have been found under the bed in the hotel by the police. ‎ ‎9.I can　　　 　　　　　　(忍受) the house being untidy,but I hate it if it's not clean.  ‎ ‎10.Once, I took part in a national hostess speaking contest　　　 　　　 　　　 (代表) our school and won first place.  ‎ ‎11.You can write anything relevant　　　　　　 　　　(只要) it's interesting and informative. ‎ ‎12.With the price of cigarettes 　　　 　　　(上升),many people stop smoking. ‎ ‎13.Never 　　　 　　　(继续)exercising if you have even the slightest chest pain. ‎ ‎14.The authorities no longer 　　　 　　　(赞成)the view that disabled people are unsuitable for teaching. ‎ ‎15.　　　 　　　 　　　(大体上), I subscribe to the idea that we should be opposed to that plan.  ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.The river has been　　　and waste water from the factory is the main cause of the 　　　.(pollute) ‎ ‎2.I have made　　　progress in math after working day and night 　　　 for a few months. (steady) ‎ ‎3.They have　　　 a lot of food and clothing to the survivors and the 　　　 will certainly help them live through the winter. (contribute) ‎ ‎4.It was 　　　 that the president made a　　　 announcing new policies to deal with the drug abuse. (state) ‎ ‎5.It's reported that a storm　　　 to hit our city, and we will observe the　　　of it closely. (tend) ‎ ‎6.Many people do not believe the　　　 of ghosts. Some young children doubt whether there　　　 all kinds of ghosts in the world. (existence) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.虽然知道那是对的,但是我们还是忽视了这条忠告。(even if)‎ We ignored this good advice, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 . ‎ ‎2.只要我们不失去信心,我们一定能克服困难,实现目标。(so/as long as)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　, we are sure to get over difficulties and achieve our aims. ‎ ‎3.毫无疑问要完成这项艰巨的任务将花费很大的精力。(it takes...)‎ There is no doubt that it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the tough task. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.glance　2.advocate　3.quantity　4.range　5.consequence ‎6.phenomenon　7.educator　8.data　9.graph　10.steady ‎11.average　12.widespread　13.oppose　14.state 阅读词汇 ‎1.消费;消耗;耗尽;吃完　2.使恢复;使振作　3.同意;捐赠;订阅;签署(文件);捐助　4.环境;情况　5.燃料　6.生存;存在　7.承诺;交托;信奉　8.倾向;趋势　9.大灾难;浩劫　10.电的;与电有关的　11.胡乱的;任意的　12.随便的;漫不经心的;偶然的　13.温和的;温柔的;淡的 ‎14.能再生的;可更新的　15.衡量;测量;尺寸　16.趋势;倾向;走向　17.环境保护论者　18.节约的;经济的　19.核的;核能的;原子核的 拓展词汇 ‎1.pollution;pollute　2.growth;grow ‎3.disagreement;disagree;agreement;agree　4.state;statement ‎5.contribution;contribute　6.oppose;opposed 二、高频短语 ‎1.come about　2.go up　3.even if　4.keep on　5.put up with　6.on the whole　7.on behalf of　8.导致　9.反对……　10.同意;赞成;订购 ‎11.大量的　12.等等 三、经典句型 ‎1.so long as you are using　2.It takes a lot of energy to make things ‎3.There is no doubt that　4.Even if we start reducing;keep on warming 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.phenomena　2.Compared　3.subscribe　4.consequences　5.are opposed to　6.comes about　7.even if　8.Quantities of　9.put up with　10.on behalf of　11.so/as long as　12.going up　13.keep on/go on ‎14.subscribe to/approve of　15.On the whole ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.polluted;pollution　2.steady;steadily　3.contributed;contributions ‎4.stated;statement　5.tends;tendency　6.existence;exist 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.even if we know it is right　2.So/As long as we don't lose heart　3.will take a lot of energy to accomplish 单元综合知识运用测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018山西运城模拟)‎ You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you’re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?‎ If the decision were up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She’s a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.‎ ‎“The trophy has to stand for something,” Dweck told TFK. “If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work. ‎ Others say that there’s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.‎ ‎“I think we should encourage kids’ participation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids’ efforts.”‎ Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. “Winning is only part of the equation (等式),” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids something about teamwork and the importance of exercise.” ‎ There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone. ‎ ‎1.According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?‎ A.Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.‎ B.David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.‎ C.Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.‎ D.Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.‎ ‎2.Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?‎ A.There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.‎ B.Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.‎ C.Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.‎ D.It is necessary to encourage kids’ participation in sports.‎ ‎3.The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “　　　”. ‎ A.honour B.choose C.value D.stress ‎4.Which shows the correct structure of the text?‎ B ‎(2017四川成都经济技术开发区实验中学月考)‎ ‎　　Parents can do anything for their children. Whether it should be their food, clothes or the places they live in,parents will always make sure their children have the best. One of the biggest concerns that parents currently have is educating their children. They are faced with lots of difficulties when it comes to education for their children. Choices include private schools, charter schools, public schools and home schooling.‎ Fortunately for parents,there are a variety of strategies that they can adopt in order to increase their children’s overall intelligence. According to Ross A. Thompson, PhD at the University of California, a child’s brain will actually reach 90% of its full size by the time he/she starts kindergarten.‎ Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago concluded that playing a musical instrument directly affected the brainstem, the central part of the brain. Moreover, children who learn an instrument at an early age tend to continue to play it ‎ when they are older. And numerous studies show that a well-balanced meal is essential for a child’s mental as well as physical health. Some researchers recommend that a second language should be taught when children are in preschool. They state that three or four years of age is the perfect time and that any age under four will be good for a child’s brain development.‎ The average child will learn how to read between kindergarten and the second grade. Many parents can give their children a jump start by teaching them to read before they start school. Children can have an adequate background of the alphabet and pronunciations of words before attending school. This can be done by simply reading to them whenever you want. ‎ ‎5.From the first paragraph, we can infer that　　　. ‎ A.parents find it hard to satisfy their kids’ various demands B.parents meet a new challenge when raising their kids C.parents have more choices when offering education to their kids D.parents get actively involved in the process of their kids’ growth ‎6.What suggestion may the researchers in the passage make?‎ A.To train kids as early as possible.‎ B.To try as many means as possible.‎ C.To help kids develop as fully as possible.‎ D.To use as many available resources as possible.‎ ‎7.What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?‎ A.The proper time to teach children to learn languages.‎ B.The effective ways to help develop children’s brains.‎ C.The vital factors in having a great effect on children’s health.‎ D.The practical steps to arouse children’s interest in study.‎ ‎8.We can replace the words “jump start” in the last paragraph with　　　. ‎ A.inspiration B.introduction C.suggestion D.promotion C For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.‎ One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces ‎ like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect. ‎ Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.‎ Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the muchneeded land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。‎ ‎9.The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．carries away　　　　　 B．takes up C．gives out D．breathes in 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide”可知，一英亩的树吸收的二氧化碳的量和一辆普通的汽车行驶11 000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit与give out的意思相同，表示“释放”。‎ ‎10．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?‎ A．More building materials.‎ B．More trees and grass.‎ C．More parking lots.‎ D．More rooftop gardens.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat ... usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.”可知，诸如金属和混凝土之类的建筑材料是城市热岛效应的始作俑者，故选A。‎ ‎11．When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．They make people much happier.‎ B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.‎ C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.‎ D．They have become very popular in recent years.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills” “leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整体内容可推知，屋顶花园能够降低冬季取暖或夏季降温的费用支出。同时，它还可以为蔬菜种植提供场地，为人们提供新鲜的蔬菜，从而使人们的饮食更健康，故选C。‎ D Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city's cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong.‎ Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.‎ ‎“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics，” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutongs should be protected from human damage.‎ The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritage worked. The head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368). “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”‎ ‎“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially Hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”‎ No one knows for sure how many Hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.‎ 语篇解读：北京的胡同已不再是小小的街道，它传载着北京几百年的历史和文化。本文主要介绍了北京胡同的历史、现状及政府的保护措施。‎ ‎12．How many Hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing?‎ A．Fewer than 1,000. B．About 2,000.‎ C．More than 3,000. D．Over 4,000.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250.”可知，北京胡同的数量由60年前的3 250条减少至现在的不到1 000条，共减少了大约2 000条。故选B项。‎ ‎13．According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is the main reason for the damage to cultural relics?‎ A．People's activity. B．Residents' attitude.‎ C．Communities' behavior. D．The governments' policy.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics.”和“Hutongs should be protected from human damage”以及第四段中的“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the ‎ possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”可知，文化遗迹遭到破坏的主要因素是人们的活动。‎ ‎14．Which of the following is a useful way to protect Hutongs?‎ A．To attract more visitors.‎ B．To forbid everyone from getting close to it.‎ C．To increase the local population.‎ D．To punish anyone damaging it.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“any actions to damage the heritage will be punished”可知，加大对破坏北京胡同行为的惩罚是保护北京胡同比较有用的措施，故选D项。‎ ‎15．What is the author's attitude toward Hutongs?‎ A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“No one knows for sure how many Hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.”可知，作者对未来北京胡同的命运深感担忧，持悲观态度。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I retired from my family business four years ago. But I've never been __1__ of a challenge. I've sailed around the world before. And I've decided to fly east from Western Australia in a __2__.‎ For the last two years I had trained hard, spending 150 hours __3__ with my ground team. When the big day came, thousands of people gathered to __4__ the launch. It was a __5__ start, with a smooth and steady takeoff. I was __6__ but still had some doubts — I was flying into the __7__. I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.‎ The capsule where I stayed was designed to __8__ if I landed in water, but I was not sure whether I could __9__ the cruelty of the ocean. __10__， I kept watching the weather, communicating with my land team and __11__ the altitude to achieve the perfect speed and direction.‎ On my fifth day, I was terrified to notice I was losing oxygen. __12__， I managed to save my life by adjusting the pressure in the oxygen cylinder (氧气瓶) to stop the oxygen escaping.‎ I know it was vital to stay __13__ to control the flight, altitude and my oxygen flow, so I held a spoon between two fingers — If I __14__， it would fall and wake me up. I never questioned why I was doing this. It is such a unique __15__ to see our beautiful planet from high above.‎ Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day was a huge __16__. I knew my journey was nearly over. It was to be a new world record. I could see my team __17__ below as I flew over.‎ This __18__ really pushed me to my limits, but it hasn't __19__ me. Next year, I want to fly even higher to break another __20__ for the hotair balloon flight.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”退休四年后，从西澳大利亚州乘热气球向东旅行，十一天后平安着陆。“我”创造了世界纪录，准备明年继续挑战自己。‎ ‎1．A.shy　　　　　　　　　 B．skeptical C．fond D．confident 解析：选A　根据该句中“But”表达的语境并结合下句中“我”环球航行过并决定乘热气球从西澳大利亚州向东旅行的描述可知，“我”不害怕(shy)挑战自我。shy of/about (doing) sth.意为“害怕(做)，对(做)……心怀顾忌”。‎ ‎2．A.plane B．helicopter C．wingsuit D．hotair balloon 解析：选D　根据本文最后一句中的“the hotair balloon”可知，“我”是乘热气球旅行的，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．A.debating B．preparing C．carving D．traveling 解析：选B　根据该句中的“I have trained hard”可知，过去两年“我”艰苦训练，花了150个小时的时间和“我”的地面团队一起准备(preparing)。‎ ‎4．A.welcome B．inspect C．delay D．witness 解析：选D　根据该句中的“thousands of people gathered to”可知，在那一天，成千上万的人聚集在一起见证(witness)了起飞过程。‎ ‎5．A.perfect B．false C．poor D．fresh 解析：选A　根据该句中的“with a smooth and steady takeoff”可知，热气球起飞时很平稳；据此可以判断，这是一个完美的(perfect)开始。‎ ‎6．A.amused B．puzzled C．excited D．frightened 解析：选C　根据上句中的“with a smooth and steady takeoff”和下文but的转折可知，热气球起飞时平稳，“我”感到很兴奋(excited)。‎ ‎7．A.future B．unknown C．shelter D．reality 解析：选B　根据下句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.”可知，“我”无法保证能再次看到“我”的朋友和家人；据此可以判断，“我”向着未知的(unknown)地方旅行。‎ ‎8．A.digest B．recycle C．float D．fly 解析：选C　根据该句中的“if I landed in water.”可知，“我”乘坐的舱体是为漂浮(float)在水上而设计的。‎ ‎9．A.survive B．show C．evaluate D．comment 解析：选A　根据该句中的“cruelty of the ocean”并结合上段最后一句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.”可知，“我”不确定自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中生存(survive)下来。‎ ‎10．A.Finally B．However C．Therefore D．Besides 解析：选C　空处上文陈述怀疑自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中生存下来，空处下文陈述“我”不断观察天气并与地面的团队保持联系；据此可以判断，空处前后之间为因果关系，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．A.losing B．ignoring C．proving D．adjusting 解析：选D　根据该句中的“to achieve the perfect speed and direction”可知，“我”调整(adjusting)高度，以达到最佳的速度和方向。‎ ‎12．A.Strangely B．Luckily C．Normally D．Conveniently 解析：选B　空前陈述“我”在第五天发现氧气泄漏；空后陈述“我”通过调整氧气瓶的气压挽救了生命；据此可以判断，该处表示“幸运地”，故B项正确。‎ ‎13．A.calm B．awake C．patient D．relaxed 解析：选B　根据下文中的“it would fall and wake me up”可知，“我”在两指之间夹了一把汤匙，以便掉落时把“我”叫醒；据此可以判断，“我”知道在飞行时保持清醒(awake)是至关重要的。‎ ‎14．A.looked around B．carried on C．dropped off D．turned up 解析：选C　根据语境可知，“我”在两指之间夹了一把汤匙，以便“我”打盹(儿)(dropped off)时把“我”叫醒。A项意为“环顾”；B项意为“继续”；D项意为“出现，调大声音”。‎ ‎15．A.experience B．excuse C．dream D．tradition 解析：选A　根据该句语境可知，在高空看我们的星球是一种独特的体验(experience)。‎ ‎16．A.loss B．disaster C．burden D．relief 解析：选D　根据该句中的“Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day”可知，在第十一天再次看到澳大利亚的海岸线对“我”来说是一种欣慰(relief)。‎ ‎17．A.exercising B．celebrating C．escaping D．quarreling 解析：选B　根据语境可知，在第十一天“我”终于再次看到了澳大利亚的海岸线，据此可知，“我”的冒险旅行成功结束并且创造了新的世界纪录；据此可以判断，“我”的地面团队祝贺(celebrating)“我”的成功。‎ ‎18．A.challenge B．accident C．race D．failure 解析：选A　根据第一段第二句中的“challenge”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限。‎ ‎19．A.interested B．confused C．annoyed D．discouraged 解析：选D　根据该句中的“pushed me to my limits”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限；结合下文可知，“我”将在明年再次挑战自己，飞得更高，挑战另一个纪录；据此可以判断，这次的挑战并没有使“我”灰心(discouraged)。‎ ‎20．A.promise B．balance C．record D．barrier 解析：选C　根据上一段倒数第二句中的“a new world record”可知，“我”想要飞得更高，打破另一个纪录(record)。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　Both the British and Americans like playing football. However, they play it quite 　1　(different). For most Americans, British football, also 　2　(know) as soccer is a bit dull and boring. ‎ American football is not like soccer. The ball is not round. It is like a big egg. Each team 　3　(make) up of eleven players. All the players can touch the ball with both 　4　(foot) and hands. Players sometimes kick the ball 　5　 they often throw the ball and run with it. If they can move it across the opposing team’s goal line, they can get six points, 　6　 is called a touchdown. ‎ ‎　7　 is not easy to move the ball. Eleven men in the opposing team do all they can 　8　(stop) the man with the ball. If he 　9　(fail) to move the ball ten yards, his team will have to kick the ball to the opposing team. ‎ In almost every big university in the USA, football is a popular sport. Whenever an important game is played, thousands of people come to watch it, 　10　(cheer) for their favorite teams. ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 ‎ 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[语篇解读]　如果孩子参加体育比赛,那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢?文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。‎ ‎1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck认为,进步最大的、对团队精神和表现最佳的运动员贡献最多的应获奖。故C项正确。‎ ‎2.D　细节理解题。根据第五段可知,Kenneth Barish认为,应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动。颁发奖杯就是一种激励方式。‎ ‎3.B　词义猜测题。根据第六段可知,Barish认为,当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候,我们给孩子们传递了一个错误的信号:获胜就是一切。因此画线的短语“single out”意为“挑出”。‎ ‎4.B　篇章结构题。本文的第一段为导语,导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck的主要观点。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是Kenneth Barish的观点。因此B项清晰地展示了本文的结构。‎ B ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了促进孩子大脑发育的最佳时间的方法。‎ ‎5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest...their children.”可知选B。‎ ‎6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三段最后一句可知,孩子的大脑开发越早越好,故选A。‎ ‎7.B　主旨大意题。第三段从让孩子学习乐器和第二语言两个方面说明了如何开发孩子的大脑,故选B。‎ ‎8.D　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的teaching them to read before they start school可知,在孩子上学之前教他们阅读可以帮助他们提升,故选D。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会文化类。文章介绍了美式足球的规则及运动队的组成和比赛情况。‎ ‎1.differently　空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词play,需用different的副词形式。‎ ‎2.known　known as soccer是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰British football。‎ ‎3.is made　be made up of是固定短语,意思是“由……组成”,这里说的是一般性情况,用一般现在时。‎ ‎4.feet　这里指的是运动员的双脚,故用foot的复数形式。‎ ‎5.but　前后内容意义上存在转折关系,用but连接。‎ ‎6.which　关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容,引导非限制性定语从句,其中关系代词which在句中作主语。‎ ‎7.It　it在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。‎ ‎8.to stop　do all one can to do sth.意思是“尽某人所能做某事”。‎ ‎9.fails　主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。‎ ‎10.cheering　cheering for their favorite teams是现在分词短语作状语,分词动作与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系。‎