【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案设计（19页word版） 25页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit 2The Olympic Games单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1．athlete n．运动员 ‎2．champion n．冠军 ‎3．cheer v．欢呼；喝彩 ‎4．judge n．裁判；v.判断 ‎5．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛 ‎6．track n．轨道；田径 ‎7．a close game势均力敌的比赛 ‎8．break the record打破纪录 ‎9．compete in在……方面竞争 ‎10．record holder纪录保持者 话题佳作 假如你是张华，你的外国朋友Tom给你写了一封信，谈了他观看残奥会(the Paralympic Games)的感想。请你结合以下要点用英语给他写一封回信，和他交流一下你观看残奥会后的感受。要点如下：‎ ‎1．残奥运动员乐观向上的生活态度值得我们学习；‎ ‎2．残奥运动员顽强拼搏的精神值得我们钦佩；‎ ‎3．作为健康人，我们更应该珍惜这种幸运，热爱生活。‎ 佳作欣赏 Dear Tom，‎ I’m very glad to receive your letter.You said you were deeply touched by those players’ excellent performance while watching the Paralympic Games.So was I.‎ At first，I was moved by the disabled players’ optimistic attitude towards life.Although they are not as healthy as normal people，they still love life wholeheartedly.They try to realize their dreams by doing sports.In order to win the games，they have to work much harder than healthy people.However，they never give up.That is what we should learn from them.‎ Being healthy people，we are so lucky and we should cherish what we own and try our best to live a meaningful life.Don’t you think so?‎ Yours，‎ Zhang Hua 名师点睛 本篇习作结构比较清晰，使用词汇恰当准确，全文有整体性也比较连贯。作者使用了比较丰富的词汇，如touch，excellent performance，optimistic attitude，wholeheartedly等；同时还成功地使用了一些较高级的句式，如倒装句、让步状语从句和表语从句等。这些都体现了作者对词汇和句式有较好的运用能力。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．compete vi.比赛；竞争 competitor n．竞争者 competition n．比赛；竞争 ‎2．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳 admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费 ‎3．host vt.做东；主办；招待；n.主人 ‎4．replace vt.取代；替换；代替 ‎5．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；n.费用；主管 ‎6．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告 advertisement n．广告 ‎7．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件；n.便宜货 ‎8．foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的 ‎9．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎10．ancient adj.古代的；古老的 ‎11．medal n．奖章；勋章；纪念章 ‎12．magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的 ‎13．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵；adj.志愿的；义务的；vt.& vi.自愿 voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 ‎14．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的 ‎15．basis n．基础；根据 ‎16．nowadays adv.现今；现在 ‎17．responsibility n．责任；职责 responsible adj.有责任心的 ‎18．swift adj.快的；迅速的 ‎19．physical adj.物理的；身体的 physics n．物理；物理学 physician n．医生，医师；内科医生 ‎20．fine vt.罚款 ‎21．glory n．光荣；荣誉 ‎22．hopeless adj.绝望的；没有希望的 ‎23．pain n．疼痛；痛苦 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly(regular)．(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎2．On a daily basis(basic)，she reminded me that life goes on.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎3．Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility(responsible)，independence，confidence and competence.(2016·天津)‎ ‎4．Online voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions(compete) get people involved in it.(2016·江苏) ‎ ‎5．Many older people don’t begin to experience physical(physics) and mental decline until after age 75.(2015·广东)‎ ‎6．For kids，happiness has a magical(magic) quality.‎ ‎1．take part in参加；参与 ‎2．stand for代表；象征；表示 ‎3．every four years每四年 ‎4．be admitted as...被接纳为……‎ ‎5．play an important role in扮演重要角色；起重要作用 ‎6．as well又；也；还 ‎7．in charge主管；看管 ‎8．make a bargain成交；达成协议 ‎9．pick up拾起；搭载；接收 ‎10．one after another陆续地；一个接一个地 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ The five rings in the Olympic flag 1.stand for(代表) the five continents on the earth，which means any country can 2.take part in(参加) the Olympic Games 3.every four years(每四年)．But only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their events will 4.be admitted into/to(被接纳进入) the Games.There are some volunteers 5.as well(也) who 6.are playing an important role(起着重要作用) in the Olympic Games，for example，7.picking up(搭载) the athletes at the end of the day.‎ ‎1．介词后的宾语从句 I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.‎ 我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方，我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。‎ 仿写　根据以上所述，我最喜欢的季节当然是冬天。(2016·四川)‎ Based on what I state above，the season I like best is winter certainly.‎ ‎2．nor＋情态动词/助动词/be动词＋主语 No other countries could join in，nor could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。‎ 仿写　我认为，如果我能参加这次摄影展，那么你也能。(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ I am convinced that if I can take part in the Photography Show，so can you.‎ ‎3．as...as...‎ There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.‎ 国与国之间争取奥运会举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ 仿写　我希望我的简历和要求的一样正规，因为它要被寄送到一家国际公司。(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ I hope my resume is as formal as required because it will be delivered to an international company.‎ ‎4．the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)‎ This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.‎ 这很重要，因为你说的英语越多，你的英语就会变得更好。‎ 仿写　我们拥有的朋友越多，我们相互学到的东西就越多， 同时我们分享的快乐就越多。(2014·大纲全国)‎ The more friends we have，the more we can learn from one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.‎ ‎ admit v．(常指勉强)承认；承认(过错、罪行)，招认，招供；准许……进入；容纳 ‎(1) The thing is，a number of them have admitted that despite their success，they aren’t happy.‎ 实际情况是，他们中的很多人承认尽管他们很成功，但并不快乐。(2015·浙江)‎ ‎(2) You must admit the task to be difficult.‎ 你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。‎ ‎(3)How many students have been admitted into/to the school this year?‎ 今年这所学校有多少学生入学？‎ ‎(1)admit sth./doing sth.承认某事/做某事 admit＋n./pron.＋to be...承认……是……‎ admit sb./sth.into/to...允许某人/物进入……；成为……中的一员 be admitted as...作为……被接受 ‎(2)admission n．进入；入场费；承认 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Joe is proud and stubborn，never admitting(admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.(2014·浙江)‎ ‎(2)He admitted cheating/having cheated(cheat) in the exam.‎ ‎(3)We all admit him to be(be) foolish.‎ ‎(4)Do they charge for admission(admit)?‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)He admitted us to enter the building.‎ ‎(6)He was admitted a member of the club.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(7)He had to admit that he had done wrong.(改为简单句)‎ He had to admit having done wrong.‎ ‎ charge n．要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管；负责 v．收(费)，要价；控告，起诉；指责；充电，使充满 ‎(1)I’m not going there again—they charged (me) ￡1 for a cup of coffee!‎ 我再也不到那儿去了——一杯咖啡就要了(我)1英镑！(牛津词典)‎ ‎(2)We can deliver goods to your door free of charge.‎ 我们可以免费送货上门。‎ ‎(3)A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.‎ 一个星期以后，我自愿负责班里的英语学习。‎ charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪 charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱 free of charge免费 in charge of掌管(表状态) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 take charge of掌管(表动作) 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)This kindergarten is in the charge of a young girl.‎ ‎(2)How much do they charge for advertising?‎ ‎(3)She is charged with murdering her husband.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.‎ Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.(用accuse改写)‎ ‎(5)Mr.Bell is in charge of the class.‎ ‎①The class is in the charge of Mr.Bell.(用the class作主语改写)‎ ‎②Mr.Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)‎ ‎ bargain vi.(与某人就某事)讨价还价；商讨条件 n．减价品，便宜货；协议，交易 ‎(1)You can get even better deals if you’re prepared to bargain.‎ 如果你准备好谈判，你会得到更好的交易结果。‎ ‎(2)Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee.‎ 商人与种植者就咖啡的价格进行商洽。‎ bargain with sb.about/over...(＝make a bargain with sb.about/over sth.)就……和某人讨价还价 a good/bad bargain买得(不)合算 It’s a real bargain.这可真是个便宜货。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)In my opinion，the car was a bargain at that price.‎ ‎(2)I bargained with the taxi driver about/over the price.‎ ‎(3)I’ll make a bargain with you.I’ll play hostess if you’ll include Matthew in your guest list.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)那辆汽车300英镑，真便宜。‎ That car is a real bargain at ￡300.‎ ‎(5)他和他们做了一笔满意的交易。‎ He made a satisfactory bargain with them.‎ ‎ as well也，又；而且(相当于too，also) ‎ ‎(1)She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.‎ 她能够把她的新智慧也传递到她生活中的其他部分。(2015·福建)‎ ‎(2)You may as well keep it a secret.‎ 你最好将这件事保密。‎ ‎(3)She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.‎ 她打算努力奋斗使它(牙买加)不但成为男人的世界，也成为女人的世界。(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(1)may/might as well do...表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意思是“不妨……，还是……吧”。‎ ‎(2)as well as也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样。‎ ‎①用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于not only。当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。此外，类似的词还有together with，along with，with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等。‎ ‎②作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外(还有……)”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。‎ A as well as B＝not only B but also A，两者强调的都是A。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)My sister，as well as her classmates who were late for class，was criticized by Mr.Hunt.(be) ‎ ‎(2)Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make(make) full use of it.‎ ‎(3)Mr.Li works on newspapers as well as teaches(teach) us English.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.(用not only...but also...改写为倒装句)‎ Not only do the workers want to increase their pay，but they also want to reduce working hours.‎ ‎ compete v．竞争；比赛 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Banks and building societies are competing fiercely for business.‎ ‎(2)Her party is divided over whether to compete in the election.‎ ‎(3)They found themselves competing with/against foreign companies for a share of the market.‎ ‎(4)We are in competition with some very large companies.‎ ‎[用compete的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(5)The bank isn’t performing as well as some of its competitors.‎ ‎(6)Universities are very competitive for the best students.‎ ‎(7)There’s been some fierce competition for the title.‎ ‎ deserve vt.值得，应受，应得 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)They didn’t deserve to win(win)．‎ ‎(2)I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried(try)．‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)这个建议值得考虑。‎ ‎①This suggestion deserves consideration.‎ ‎②This suggestion deserves considering.‎ ‎③This suggestion deserves to be considered.‎ 当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动式。有相同用法的动词还有：need，want，require等。‎ ‎ stand for代表，象征；支持；主张 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The letters PLA stand for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.‎ ‎(2)How can you stand by and see such cruelty?‎ ‎(3)Her blue hair made her stand out in the crowd.‎ ‎(4)We stood up to see better.‎ ‎(5)I can’t stand working(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(6)Do you know the letters which stand for the World Health Organization？(用非谓语动词作定语改写)‎ Do you know the letters standing for the World Health Organization?‎ ‎ I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.‎ 我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方，我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。‎ ‎(1)Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.‎ 与逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的事情自豪。(2014·湖北)‎ ‎(2)You can rely on it that he will come on time.‎ 你要相信他会准时来的。‎ 教材原句中what引导的从句作介词in的宾语，并在从句中作call的宾语，Ancient Greece作宾补。‎ ‎(1)介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要用it作介词的形式宾语，再接that引导的宾语从句；但what，which，whom等连接词引导的宾语从句可放在介词后面。‎ ‎(2)介词后可接whether引导的宾语从句，但不接由if引导的宾语从句。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ ‎(2)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.‎ ‎(3)—Have you finished the book?‎ ‎—No.I’ve read up to where the children discover the secret cave.‎ ‎(4)Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please?‎ ‎(5)As a new diplomat，he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.‎ 写作能力提升——[翻译句子]‎ ‎(6)你要相信他会帮你的。‎ You can depend/rely on it that he will help you.‎ ‎ No other countries could join in，nor could slaves or women！‎ 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。‎ ‎(1)He didn’t know what that would be，and neither did I.‎ 他不知道那将会怎样，我也不知道。‎ ‎(2)Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So it was with Jane./It was the same with Jane.‎ 玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。‎ ‎(1)句型“nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/be动词＋主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“……‎ 也不”，相当于either用于否定句。‎ ‎(2)“so＋情态动词/助动词/be动词＋主语”，是另一种倒装句型，意为“……也是如此”，表示上句所谈到的情况也适用于另一主语，so用来代替上句的内容。‎ ‎(3)如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定，则仅把so放于句首，其后用正常语序。‎ ‎(4)如果表示前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需要用So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)—He is a student and he studies hard.‎ ‎—So it is with me.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(2)—He works very hard.‎ ‎—So he does(他确实如此)，and so do I(我也一样)．‎ ‎(3)She doesn’t like them and nor does Jeff(Jeff也不喜欢他们)．‎ ‎ There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.‎ 国与国之间争取奥运会举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ ‎(1)Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.‎ 兴趣对于学习来说，如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。‎ ‎(2)The geography teacher tells us that China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six times as large as that of the USA.‎ 地理老师告诉我们，中国的面积与美国几乎一样大，但是人口却是美国的六倍。‎ as...as...像……一样；正如 ‎(1)结构特点：第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级。第二个as为连词，引导状语从句；也可是介词，其后加名词或代词。‎ ‎(2)否定式：not as/so...as...不如……。‎ ‎(3)表达倍数关系句型时则表达为：倍数＋as...as...。‎ ‎(4)当as...as...中间有名词时，应采用如下格式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...或as＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋as...。‎ ‎(5)as...as one can/could＝as...as possible尽可能……‎ 在as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...结构中形容词放在不定冠词a/an之前，同样的结构还有：so/too/how＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋...。‎ 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)——和那件连衣裙相比，我更喜欢这件。‎ ‎——我也是，但它贵一倍。‎ ‎—I like this dress better than that one.‎ ‎—So do I，but it costs almost twice as much as that one.‎ 写作能力提升——[按题后要求答题]‎ ‎(2)You must help him as much as possible.(改为复合句)‎ You must help him as much as you can.‎ ‎(3)她的声音像她妈妈的一样甜美。(用as...as...翻译句子)‎ She has as sweet a voice as her mother.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 Pausanias and Li Yan are talking about the similarities and 1.differences(differ) between the ancient and modern Olympics.The ancient Olympic Games were first held in Athens，in 2.which only men from the Greece had the honour to compete.The champions 3.were awarded(award) olive wreaths as prizes.4.The modern Olympics started in 1896.From then on，athletes from all over the world have come 5.to take(take) part in the games every four years.There are two main sets of Games—the Summer and the Winter Olympics.All countries can take part 6.if their athletes reach the standard to be admitted to the games.There are over 250 sports.To hold all the 7.competitors(compete)，a special village is usually built，with a stadium，a very large 8.swimming(swim) pool，a gymnasium as well as seats 9.for those who watch the games.The winners of the first three places are awarded gold，silver and bronze medals.The motto of the Olympic Games is—“Swifter，Higher and 10.Stronger(strong)．”‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 Atlanta was a Greek princess whom was very beautiful and could run fast than any man in Greece.So she was not allowed run in the Olympic Games.She was so angrily that she said to his father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.What’s more，if he couldn’t run as fast as her，he would be killed.‎ Heard of her rules，many of the kings and princes sadly went to home.The man called Hippomenes was determined to run the race with the Greek Goddess of Love helped him.‎ 答案 Atlanta was a Greek princess was very beautiful and could run than any man in Greece. she was not allowed run in the Olympic Games.She was so that she said to father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.What’s more，if he couldn’t run as fast as her，he would be killed.‎ of her rules，many of the kings and princes sadly went to home. man called ‎ Hippomenes was determined to run the race with the Greek Goddess of Love him.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于奥运会)‎ ‎1．对运动员来说能够参加奥运会是巨大的荣誉。‎ ‎2．运动员只有通过定期的比赛，得到认可才能被允许参加奥运会。‎ ‎3．他们为奖牌也为荣誉而战，因此他们值得表扬。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用only引导的倒装句。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ It’s a great honour for athletes to take part in the Olympic Games.Only when athletes have taken part in the regular competitions and get recognition can they be admitted into the Olympics.They compete for glory as well as for medals so they deserve to be praised. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful(pain) but undeadly electric shock.(2016·北京)‎ ‎2．Having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility(responsible)．‎ ‎3．For example，people volunteer to express(express) personal values related to unselfishness.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎4．It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎5．It wasn’t my birthday，nor/neither was it Easter or Christmas or any other giftgiving occasion.‎ ‎6．It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have(have) equal opportunities to men.‎ ‎7．She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.‎ ‎8．It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.‎ ‎9．As a longdistance swimmer，she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance，danger，cold，and exhaustion.‎ ‎10．It’s a great honor for me to tell you something about our English club which lasts for two months.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·河南南阳一中月考)‎ There are many people who could be Olympic Champions.I’d estimate(估计) five million people could have beaten me in the polevault(撑杆跳高) on the years when I won it，at least five million.Men were stronger，bigger，and faster than I could have done it，but they never picked up a pole，never made the efforts to vault their legs off the ground to try to get over the bar.‎ Greatness is all around us.It’s easy to be great because great people will help you.What was fantastic about all the conventions(大会)I went to was that the greatest in the business would come and share their ideas，their methods and their techniques with everyone else.I have seen the greatest salesmen showing young salesmen exactly how they did it.They didn’t hold back.I have also found it true in the world of sports.‎ I’ll never forget the time I was trying to break Dutch Warmer Dam’s record.I was about a foot below his record，so I called him on the phone.I said，“Dutch，can you help me？I seem to have leveled off.I can’t get any higher.”‎ He said，“Sure，Bob，come on up to visit me and I’ll give you all I got.” I spent three days with the master，the greatest polevaulter in the world.For three days，Dutch gave me everything he’d seen.There were things that I was doing wrong and he corrected them.To make a long story short，I went up eight inches.That great guy gave me the best that he had.‎ Great people will share.Great people will tell you their secrets.Look for them，call them on the phone or buy their books.Go where they are，get around them and talk to them.It is easy to be great when you get around great people.‎ 语篇解读　作者通过自己从身边伟大的人身上受益的亲身经历，号召人们要勇于向伟大人物学习，以提高自己。‎ ‎11．The author of this passage must be .‎ A．a world record holder in pole vault B．a Dutch polevaulter C．an Olympic Champion D．a student of Warmer Dam’s 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“There are many people who could be Olympic Champions.I’d estimate(估计)five million people could have beaten me in the polevault(撑杆跳高)on the years when I won it，at least five million.”可知，作者是撑杆跳高世界冠军，故选C。‎ ‎12．The underlined phrase “leveled off” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”．‎ A．gone down in level B．stayed in a certain level C．gone up in level D．progressed on 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。此处指作者给打破世界纪录的运动员打电话询问为什么自己处于停滞状态没有提高。level off平稳状态，停滞不前，故选B。‎ ‎13．Why does the author think well of the conventions he attended?‎ A．Because many great people also attended them.‎ B．Because they were supported by many great businessmen.‎ C．Because he learned to share his greatness with others.‎ D．Because great people were willing to share.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“I have seen the greatest salesmen showing young salesmen exactly how they did it.They didn’t hold back.I have also found it true in the world of sports.”可知选D。‎ B ‎(2016·河南洛阳模拟)‎ If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.‎ Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and nonjoggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉)．Over time，this can cause serious injuries.‎ Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.Anything more is just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.”‎ The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and longdistance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study，“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.”‎ ‎14．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “ ”．‎ A．hard B．regular C．practical D．flexible 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。此处指像马拉松一样的锻炼，所以strenuous应与hard意思相近，表示“艰苦的，费力的”。regular定时的；practical实用的；flexible灵活的。下文第二段第四句中的“people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers”与句相对应，由此可猜出strenuous与hard意思相近。‎ ‎15．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to .‎ A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process 答案　C 解析　写作目的题。作者在第二段中采用了列数字的方法，是为了提供支持的证据，能更有力地说明第一段的研究结论。‎ ‎16．According to the scientists，why is too much exercise harmful?‎ A．It may injure the heart and arteries.‎ B．It can make the body tired out.‎ C．It will bring much pressure.‎ D．It consumes too much energy.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，过度运动会导致心脏和动脉结构发生变化，从而有损健康。‎ ‎17．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．Jogging is the best exercise.‎ B．More exercise means a healthier life.‎ C．Marathons runners are least likely to die.‎ D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，过度锻炼不仅没有必要，而且还可能有害，适当的锻炼会有助于健康。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 We may be very 18. (please)with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study，but we have almost done nothing 19. (improve)our present examination systems which focus 20. testing the students’ memory instead of their ability.As soon as a child begins school，he enters a world of examination 21. will decide his future of job.In fact，a good examination system should encourage students to think for 22. (they)．But the examination system now forces the students to remember 23. is taught to get high marks.Thus the students who come out first in the examination are often the 24. (good)in memorizing.What’s worse，such an examination system often 25. (drive)teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 26. (come)examination.‎ There must be 27. better way to test a student’s true ability as well as their knowledge.‎ ‎18．答案　pleased 解析　作be动词的表语用形容词，修饰人用过去分词形式的形容词。故填pleased。‎ ‎19．答案　to improve 解析　动词不定式作后置定语，故填to improve。‎ ‎20．答案　on 解析　固定搭配：focus on把……集中于……上，故填on。‎ ‎21．答案　that/which 解析　a world of examination作先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故填that/which。‎ ‎22．答案　themselves 解析　鼓励学生为自己考虑。用反身代词，故填themselves。‎ ‎23．答案　what 解析　remember后的宾语从句没有引导词，缺少主语，根据句意可知填what。‎ ‎24．答案　best 解析　根据句意和the可知此处用最高级，故填best。‎ ‎25．答案　drives 解析　句意为：更糟糕的是，这样的考试系统常使老师进行填鸭式教学。and连接的两个并列成分在时态上要一致，由and后的动词force用了一般现在时可知，此处也用一般现在时，又an examination system与drive为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填drives。‎ ‎26．答案　coming 解析　句意为：……训练学生如何应对即将到来的考试。可知此处用现在分词，故填coming。‎ ‎27．答案　a 解析　句意为：一定有一个更好的测试学生能力的方法。故填a。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·河南部分重点中学联考)‎ I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.I was happy when the toys worked，but when things did wrong，I got angry and broke it.For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys to you.”My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.‎ 答案　‎ I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my .I was happy when the toys worked，but when things 或 wrong，I got angry and broke .For a while parents bought me new ‎ toys.But before long they began to see was happening.When I apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys you.” My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.‎ ‎28．答案　little→less 解析　考查形容词。由and前的more可知，此处应用little后的比较级less。‎ ‎29．答案　toy→toys 解析　考查名词。each of 表示……中的每一个，后面用名词复数。故toy改为toys。‎ ‎30．答案　did→went或did后加go 解析　考查固定短语。go wrong意为“出错”。‎ ‎31．答案　it→them 解析　考查代词。them指代上文提到的toys。‎ ‎32．答案　parents前加my 解析　考查代词。此处指我的父母。‎ ‎33．答案　which→what 解析　考查名词性从句。what引导的从句，作see的宾语。what在从句中作主语。句意为：不久之后，他们开始明白所发生的一切。‎ ‎34．答案　tear→tore 解析　考查动词的时态。文章讲述的是过去的事情，故该处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎35．答案　to→for 解析　考查介词。toys for sb.意为“给某人的玩具”。‎ ‎36．答案　must→could/might 解析　考查情态动词。句意为：拥有更多的耐心，我就能使玩具玩的更久。由句意可知，该处应用情态动词could或might。‎ ‎37．答案　删除to 解析　考查固定句式。“make＋宾语＋宾补“结构，make意为“使，让”解，其后接不带to的不定式作宾补。‎