2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：必修1Unit3Celebration 22页

(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1．the Mid­Autumn Festival　　　　 中秋节 2．Halloween n. 万圣节前夕 3．the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 4．the Lantern Festival 元宵节 5．lunar month 太阴月，阴历一个月 6．sweet dumpling 元宵 7．smartly adv. 潇洒地；漂亮地 8．bride n. 新娘 9．bridegroom n. 新郎 10．ribbon n. 缎带，丝带 11．breast n. (鸟的)胸脯肉；胸部 12．alcohol n. 酒；酒精 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1．scholarship n．[纵联 1] 奖学金 2．wedding n. 婚礼 3．nowadays adv. 现今，现在 4．darkness n. 黑暗，漆黑 5．destroy vt. 破坏，毁坏 6．include vt. 包括，包含 7．reception_n. 接待；招待会 8．salary_n. 薪水 9．opportunity n. 机会 10．teenager_n．　[纵联 2] (13－19 岁之间的) 青少年 11．ceremony_n. 典礼，仪式 12．attend vt.　　[纵联 3] 出席，参加 13．ought_aux. 应当，应该 14．link_vt. 连接 15．seriously adv. 认真地；真诚地 16．swallow_vt. 吞下，咽下 17．adult n. 成年人 18．envelope_n. 信封 19．merry_adj. 高兴的，愉快的 20．invitation_n. 请柬；邀请 21．mess n. 混乱，脏乱 22．power n．　　[纵联 4] 控制力；权力；影响力 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1．graduation n．毕业→graduate v．毕业 n．毕业生 2．occasion n．时刻，时机；场合→occasional adj.偶然的→occasionally adv.偶然地 3．production n．生产，制造→produce vt.生产，制造→product n．产品 4．celebration n．庆祝，庆典→celebrate v．庆祝，祝贺 5．decorate vt.装饰，布置→decoration n．装饰；装饰品 6．serve vt.提供(食物)，端上(饭菜)；服务→service n．服务→servant n．仆人；职员； 公务员 7．tradition n．传统，惯例→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地 8．retire vi.退休→retirement n．退休→retired adj.已退休的 9．apply vi.申请 vt.应用→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请；应用 10．congratulation n．祝贺→congratulate v．祝贺 11．entrance n．入口→enter v．进入→entry n．进入 12．unfortunately adv.不幸地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortune n．幸运 13．contribute vt.捐献，贡献→contribution n．贡献→contributor n．捐助者；贡献者 纵联 1.同在一条“船”上 ①scholarship 奖学金　　　　 ②friendship 友谊 ③leadership 领导地位 ④relationship 关系 ⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥membership 成员资格 ⑦championship 冠军头衔 纵联 2.走进“不同年龄段的人” ①婴儿 baby/infant ②小孩 kid/child ③青少年 youth/teenager/adolescent/youngster/juvenile ④成人 adult ⑤中年人 a middle­aged person ⑥老年人 senior citizen/the elderly/the aged 纵联 3.“学习过程”相关词 ①concentrate v．集中(注意力) ②attend vt.上(学) ③review vt.复习 ④acquire vt.获得；习得 ⑤master vt.精通；掌握 纵联 4.表示“能力；力量”助成功 ①power n．能力；力量；权力 ②ability n．能力 ③competence n．能力；胜任 ④energy n．精力；能源 ⑤force n．武力 ⑥strength n．力量 单元话题——节日活动 子话题 1　各种节日 ①New Year's Day 元旦 ②National Day 国庆节 ③Christmas 圣诞节 ④Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 ⑤Valentine's Day 情人节 ⑥Easter 复活节 ⑦Tomb­sweeping Day 清明节 ⑧Double Ninth Festival 重阳节 子话题 2　节日活动 ①feast n．盛宴，宴会 ②get­together n．聚会 ③treat v．& n．款待 ④cater vt.& vi.承办酒席 ⑤a display of fireworks 烟火表演 ⑥family reunion 家人团圆 ⑦an anniversary 周年纪念 ⑧in memory of/in honor of 为纪念…… 子话题 3　节日用品 ①balloon n．气球 ②firework n．焰火；(pl.)烟火 ③firecracker n．鞭炮 ④flame n．火焰，光辉 ⑤candle n．蜡烛 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 1．(2018·浙江高考阅读 C)Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance❶ to keep American strength.“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing❷ clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of 　 ❸　(force/power/strength) in the new century.” ①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：opportunity，加黑词所在短语 a chance to keep American strength 意为保持美国实力的一个机会 ②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：production ③选词填空：power，其形容词是 powerful 2．(2015·安徽高考阅读 E)Sharing bread, whether during a special 　❶　 (occasional) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate ❷ birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition❸ has its roots in the custom of sharing bread. ①用所给词的适当形式填空：occasion，在此处的意为场合 ②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：celebration ③写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：传统，其形容词形式是 traditional 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，根据我们的传统，你应该带些礼物，早点到达。 (tradition, ought) To_begin_with,_according_to_our_tradition,_you_ought_to_bring_some_gifts_and_arrive_e arly. 2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我是李华，现在我写信申请成为英语协会的志愿者。(apply) I'm_Li_Hua,_and_now_I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_of_the_En glish_Association. (二)课堂重点释疑 1．occasion n．时刻，时机；场合 [记牢] (1)on occasion(s)　　　　　　　　 有时，间或，偶尔 on this/that occasion 在此时/彼时 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的 occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①Nobody is perfect, and everyone acts thoughtlessly on occasion. ②The weather was good except for an occasional (occasion) shower. ③I know he has usually worked well but I must punish him on this occasion. ④I've been writing this report occasionally (occasion) for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow. [用准]　occasion 表示“时机，时刻”时，后面常用 when 引导定语从句；occasion 表示 “场合”时，后面常用 where 引导定语从句。 ⑤In hard times, the Spring Festival was the only occasion where a family threw off the old attire and put on new clothes. 在困难时期，春节是唯一的场合，一个家庭脱下旧衣服，穿上新衣服。 ⑥I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。 [写美] ⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)就餐这种场合不适合大笑，你必须保持镇静。 While_at_table,_it_is_not_an_occasion_for_bursting_into_laughter,_where_you_must_keep _calm. 2．power n．控制力；权力；影响力 [记牢] (1)in power　　　　　　　　　 当权的，在执政 in/within one's power 在某人力所能及的范围 beyond/out of one's power 力所不及，不能胜任 have the power to do sth./of doing sth. 具有做某事的能力 come to/into power 开始掌权；上台；执政 (2)powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education. ②It is quite beyond my power. I'm determined to give it up. ③I will do everything in/within my power to help you. ④When the new ruler came to/into power, he made peace with all his former enemies. ⑤We believe that we do have the power to_change (change) things and help our planet. ⑥She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future. ⑦Never before has our country been so powerful (power) as it is today. [写美] ⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我参加过几次类似的活动，所以我有能力把工作做好。 I_have_participated_in_similar_activities_several_times,_so_I_have_the_power_to_do_the_j ob_well._ 3．serve vt.招待，侍候；提供，端上；服务 vi.服役 [记牢] (1)serve as　　　　　　　　　 充当，担任 serve sb. sth.＝serve sth.to sb.＝serve sb. with sth. 　　　　　 给某人端上某物；用某物招待某人 serve in the army 在部队服役 (2)service n. 服务 at one's service 愿为某人服务/效劳； 听候某人吩咐 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①This photo album serves as a reminder of the most important moments in my life. ②Health care must be at the service of all the people who need it. 句型转换 ③The students served some apples to the invited experts. →The students served the invited experts with some apples. 完成句子 ④He serves_the_public_heart_and_soul,_regardless of his personal gain or loss. 他全心全意为公众服务，从不计较个人得失。 ⑤It's said that he has_served_in_the_army for five years. 据说他已在部队服役 5 年了。 [写美] ⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)我已经把一份详细的训练计划发到你的邮箱。你要是还需要 什么，请尽管吩咐。 I_have_sent_a_detailed_training_schedule_to_your_email._If_you_need_anything_else,_I_a m_at_your_service. 4．apply vi.申请 vt.应用，使用；涂抹，敷 [辨清]　写出下列句中 apply 的词性和含义 ①He is now applying the same techniques to white blood cells. vt.应用，使用 ②Interested in this international network, I am writing to apply for its membership. vi.申请 ③The nurse applied the ointment to the wound. vt.涂抹，敷 [记牢] (1)apply ... to ...　　　 把……运用到……中； 把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply oneself to 集中精力于 (2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 [练通] 单句语法填空 ④Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation. ⑤You will pass your exams if you really apply yourself to working (work)． ⑥You should attach a recent photograph to your application (apply) form. ⑦In my estimation, the job applicant (apply) is well qualified for the job. 根据提示完成小片段 When an idea occurred to him, he first ⑧applied_it_to (把它应用于) his work. He also ⑨ applied_for_a_patent_(申请了一项专利) about it. Then he ⑩applied_himself_to (专心于) it and made necessary changes. [写美] ⑪(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)暑假期间我在本市一家外贸公司申请了一份兼职工作。 I'm_applying_for_a_part­time_job_at_a_foreign_company_in_my_city_during_the_summer _vacation. 5．attend vt.出席，参加(会议、演讲、婚礼等)；上(学) vi.专心，注意；照料 [辨清]　写出下列句中 attend 的含义 ①The children of poor peasants had no chance to attend school before liberation. 上(学) ②Some people attend the lecture regularly, others only occasionally. 参加 ③At least a dozen people attend on the bride of the wealthy prince. 照料 ④It's time for you to wake up and attend to your business. 专心，注意 [记牢] attend a meeting/ceremony/funeral 　　　　　　 　　　　 参加/出席会议/仪式/葬礼 attend school/class/church 上学/上课/做礼拜 attend on/upon sb. 照料/看护某人 attend to 照料，关怀；处理；注意，专心 [练通]　完成句子 ⑤They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend_the_opening_ceremony. 他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。 ⑥She was praised for having attended_on/upon_her_sick_mother­in­law for over thirty years. 她因照顾她生病的婆婆三十多年而受到赞扬。 ⑦I can't go out with you tonight because I have_an_urgent_thing_to_attend_to. 今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。 [用准]　attend to 作“处理”讲时，与 do/deal with 意思相近；作“照顾”讲时，与 take care of, look after 意思相近。 [写美] ⑧(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。 You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_inter national_meeting. 6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，贡献；投稿；有助于，促成 [辨清]　写出下列句中 contribute 的含义 ①This study may contribute to treating anxiety and stress better. 有助于，促成 ②I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.投稿 ③It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money. 捐献 [记牢] (1)contribute ... to ...　　 把……捐献给……； 为(报纸等)撰稿 contribute to 贡献；有助于；投稿给； 导致；捐款 (2)contribution n. 贡献 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事作出贡献 [练通] 单句语法填空 ④Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people. ⑤From this story, I am firmly convinced of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building (build) a warm and harmonious society. ⑥Failure can make a positive contribution (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it. 单句改错 ⑦Besides, consulting our teachers can contribute to solve the problems. solve→solving ⑧Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make contribution to the class. contribution→contributions 或 make 后加 a [用准]　contribute to 和 make a contribution/contributions to 中的 to 都是介词，后要接名 词、代词或动名词。 [写美] ⑨(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你想给我们报社投稿，请在截止日期前把你的文章发给 我。 If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_d eadline. [词汇过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of a similar large event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously (认真地)． 2．It is always an important occasion (时机) for setting out government policy. 3 ． Seeing his mother come into his bedroom, little Jack swallowed ( 吞 下 ) the pudding quickly. 4．You put the letter in the envelope (信封) and send it through the post office. 5．She appeared at the reception (招待会) wearing her finest jewellery. 6．After graduation (毕业) John stepped into his father's shoes to become a lawyer. 7．The merry (高兴的) faces of the children show us that they are living a happy life. 8．This tour offers an_opportunity (机会) to engage in a lively, in­depth exploration of one of our special exhibitions. 9．Not only adults (成年人) but the young may suffer from the teeth problem. 10．They will complete the decoration (装饰) of their new house on the weekend. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Whether you're declining an invitation (invite) to a party, you can say no while still being respectful. 2．Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers. 3 ． China Daily is more than a newspaper, for it can also serve_as_a useful textbook for English study. 4．Apart from an occasional (occasion) noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent. 5．In my spare time, I enjoy reading, which contributes to my writing good articles. 6．Not until the river was seriously (serious) polluted did the local government realize the problem. 7．Tom began feeling upset and wondered why everything was in a mess. 8．Scientists have produced powerful (power) arguments against his ideas. 9．The old man is said to be attended on/upon by a number of servants. 10．I really want to accept it and seize this opportunity to introduce the traditional (tradition) Chinese paintings to foreign friends. Ⅲ.单句改错 1 ． Many people were dancing on the square when I passed by, included Helen. included→including 2．We first met in New York, if my memory serves for me well. 去掉 for 3 ． The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to learn English.learn→learning 4．He takes study serious and takes an active part in all kinds of activities.serious→seriously 5．People are supposed to shake hands in formal occasions where they meet for the first time. where→when 6 ． Everyone is asked to attend to the meeting as the chairman will announce something important.去掉第二个 to 7．Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's in my power.in→beyond 8．There were so many people at the entrance for the park waiting to buy tickets. for→to Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Your problems are beyond_my_power and you'll have to turn to some other one, I'm afraid. 你的问题超出了我的能力范围，恐怕你得向其他人求助。 2．He couldn't attend_her_wedding_ceremony though he was invited. 即便受到了邀请，他也无法参加她的婚礼仪式。 3 ． There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will contribute_to_the_development of this area. 毫无疑问，这条公路的建设将有助于本地区的发展。 4．The new bridge will link_the_island_to the mainland. 这座新的大桥将这座岛屿与大陆连接起来。 5．The room is_in_a_mess. It must have been broken into. 房间里一团糟，肯定有人闯入了。 (一)课前自主学习 1．burn_down 　[串记 1]　　　　 　 烧毁 2．take_part_in 参加，参与 3．apply_for 请求，申请 4．depend_on 　[串记 2] 根据，依据；依靠 5．even_if/though 即使 6．on_time 　　[串记 3] 准时 7．put_up 竖起；建造；举起 8．carry_on 继续，坚持 9．as_well 也 10．a_bit_of 一点儿 11．wash_away [串记 4] 洗掉；冲走 12．put_out 扑灭；生产；出版 13．stay_awake 保持清醒 14．dress_up 化妆；打扮 [同根短语串记] 串记 1.“动词＋down”短语万花筒 ①cut down 削减；砍倒 ②break down 垮掉；分解 ③settle down 安家 ④burn down 烧毁 ⑤pass down 传下来 串记 2.“v.＋on”短语聚焦 ①depend on 根据，依据 ②carry on 继续，坚持 ③put on 穿上；上演 ④try on 试穿 ⑤take on 承担 ⑥insist on 坚持 串记 3.“on＋n.”短语串联 ①on duty 值班，上班 ②on time 准时 ③on sale 在出售；在打折 ④on purpose 故意地 ⑤on board 在(船、飞机、火车)上 串记 4.“动词＋away”高频短语全扫描 ①fade away 逐渐消失 ②put away 把……放好 ③give away 捐赠；出卖 ④go away 离开，走开 ⑤get away 脱身，逃离 ⑥wash away 洗掉，冲走 1．a special occasion 特殊时刻 2．come in many shapes and sizes 以形状各异、大小不一的样 式出现 3．the wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 4．fall into a deep, happy sleep 进入甜美梦乡 5．at the entrance to the reception 在招待会门口 6．contribute a lot of money 捐许多钱 7．the bridegroom's best man 伴郎 8．put money on the bride's wedding dress 把钱别到新娘的婚纱上 9．open the new year calendar 翻开新年日历 10．at the bottom of 在……底部 1．On this day, the moon is_said_to_be its biggest and brightest. 据说在这一天月亮是最大最亮的。 2．My sister, Alison, and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling_him_about_all_the_presents_we_wanted. 姐姐艾莉森和我坐在火炉前，给圣诞老人写信，告诉他我们想要的所有礼物。 3．At_the_bottom_of_the_bed_was_the_stocking,_now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. 现在床尾的袜子里已经装满各种各样的小礼物和糖果。 4．I put so much food in my mouth sometimes that it_was_hard_to_swallow. 有时我把如此多的食物塞入口中以致很难咽下去。 5．It_was_believed_that any village that did not give food would have bad luck. 人们认为不给食物的村庄会有坏运气。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读 D)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语) depend_on 2．(2017·江苏高考阅读 C)When this takes place, especially when a new­born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.( 用 本 单 元 短 语 升 级 加 黑 词 汇)put_up 3．(2015·福建高考阅读 B)“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语) carried_on 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 (根据汉语及提示翻译句子) 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两队每天训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。(take part in) Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_take_part_in_competitions_regularly. 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。(be said to do ...) Some_famous_players_from_the_world_are_said_to_be_invited_to_give_lessons. 3. (2016·北京高考书面表达)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(完全倒装) Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are_many_old_people_and_children._ (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1．depend on 根据，依据；依靠，依赖 [记牢] (1)depend on sb.＝rely on sb.　　 相信/依靠某人 depend on sb.to do/doing sth. 依靠/相信某人做某事 depend on it that ... 指望……，相信…… That/It (all) depends. 视情况而定。 (2)dependence n. 依靠，依赖 dependent adj. 依 靠的，依赖的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①He depends on/upon his parents to_take (take) care of his children. ②You can't depend on the train arriving (arrive) on time. ③Children depend on/upon their parents for food and clothing. 完成句子 ④You can depend_on_it_that such things will never happen again. 放心好了，这种事绝不会再发生的。 [写美] ⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依照排名消费是不理智的。 There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend_completely_on_the_ratings_in_consumpti on. 2．put up 竖起；建造；张贴；举起；投宿 [辨清]　写出下列句中 put up 的含义 ①The names of the candidates will be put up on the college notice board. 张贴 ②They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer. 留宿 ③Those who know the answer to the question please put up your hands. 举起 ④A new supermarket will be put up in this neighborhood next year. 建造 [记牢] put off　　　　　　　　　 推迟，拖延 put in 加入，放入 put forward 提出，提前 put up with 容忍，忍受；受苦 put aside 储存；留出 [练通]　完成句子 ⑤When the children were at home, we had to put_up_with_a_lot_of_noise. 孩子们在家时，我们不得不容忍他们的吵闹。 ⑥He had_a_little_money_put_aside and intended to take a holiday. 他存了一点钱打算留作度假用。 ⑦A suggestion has been put_forward that we should recycle the textbooks. 有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。 ⑧It is likely that the sports meet will_be_put_off till next week. 运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。 [写美] ⑨(2016·北京高考书面表达)地球日前一周，校园里就张贴了海报，号召我们为更加绿色 的地球一起行动起来。 A_week_before_Earth_Day,_posters_were_put_up_around_our_school,_calling_upon_us_to _join_in_the_actions_for_a_greener_earth._ 3．carry on 继续，坚持 [记牢] carry on doing sth.　　　 继续做某事，坚持做某事 carry on with sth. 继续某事 carry out 履行；实施；开展；完成(任务) [练通]　完成句子 ①The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried_out_regularly,_can improve our health. 这项实验表明，如果有规律地进行，适当的运动能够改善我们的健康状况。 ②Her bravery has given him the will to carry_on_with_his_life_and_work. 她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。 ③Can the human race carry_on_expanding_and_growing the same way that it is now? 人类能继续像目前这样扩张和增长下去吗？ [写美] ④(2018·天津高考书面表达)这个比赛将会帮助你继续展示你的创造性技能。 _This_competition_will_help_you_to_carry_on_showing_your_creative_skills. [句式集释] 1．be said to be/do ...“据说是/做……” [教材原句]　On this day, the moon is_said_to_be its biggest and brightest. [悟拓展例句] (1)Green is said to be the most restful color. ＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color. 据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。 (2)It is reported that many a new house has been built in the disaster area. ＝Many a new house is_reported_to_have_been_built in the disaster area. 据报道，灾区已经建设了许多新房。 (3)It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. ＝Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. 据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 (1)Sb./Sth. be said to do ...意为“据说……”，其中，不定式根据情况可用一 般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)： Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋Error! (2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose 等。 (3)Sb./Sth. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth. ＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ... 据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推 测…… [背写作佳句] (1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China. ＝It is believed that arriving at your friend's home early is polite in China.(要点句) (2)(2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ 满 分 作 文 )It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. ＝Our country is reported to hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday.(要点句) 2．全部倒装句 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 At_the_bottom_of_the_bed_was_the_stocking,_now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. [悟拓展例句] (1)Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。 (2)Present_at_the_party_were Mr.Green and many other guests. 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。 (3)Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed. 从床底下跑出一只猫。 (4)Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year. 年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。 (5)Once upon a time there_lived_a_doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo. 从前有个名医叫华佗。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 本句为全部倒装句。全部倒装主要分以下三种情况： (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时， 为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。句型结构 为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。 (2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush 等不及物动词时，句子用全部倒装。 (3)there be 句型也属于一种全部倒装句。该句型中的 be 可以替换成表示“存在” 的动词，如 live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等。句型结构 为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster, teachers, students and some of the students' parents.(要点句) (2)(2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ 满 分 作 文 )And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance.(要点句) [词块、句式过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.选词填空 take part in， even if/though， burn down， put up， on time， dress up， apply for， as well， depend on， carry on 1．Her parents were anxious when she didn't return home on_time. 2．It's quite an informal gathering you needn't dress_up for. 3．It's wise of you to receive some professional training before you apply_for the job. 4．Not only do I like this movie, but my mother likes it as_well. 5．People from other cultures have also taken_part_in the dragon boat races and enjoyed the fun. 6．My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even_if/though he is in his nineties. 7．Two hundred houses were burned_down in the fire which broke out yesterday. 8．We put_up the decorations and the tree and started to feel Christmassy at last. 9．All living things depend_on the sun for their growth. 10．Though I was tired after working for a long time, I just tried to carry_on as usual. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Then came_the_moment we had been looking forward to. 我们一直盼望的时刻到来了。 2．Tolerance seems very simple, but it_is_very_difficult_to_do. 宽容看似很简单，但是做起来却十分困难。 3．Love is_said_to_be_a_good_medicine for emotional harm. 据说爱是治愈心灵创伤的良药。 4．Even_if_it_doesn't_rain_tomorrow,_I won't go with you. 即使明天不下雨， 我也不和你去。 5 ． You_can_depend_on_it_that our country will play a more and more active role in international affairs. 你可以相信我们国家将在国际事务中发挥越来越积极的作用。 6．Hanging_on_the_wall_are a group of pictures by Van Gogh. 挂在墙上的是一组梵·高的画。 Ⅲ.分步写作 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友 Mike 将在 8 月份来中国，并在中国度过中秋节。他来信 向你询问有关中秋节的习俗，请你根据以下要点写一封电子邮件，介绍该节日。内容包括： 1．节日时间； 2．节日内涵：庆祝丰收、家人团聚等； 3．节日庆祝活动：吃月饼、赏月等； 4．对节日作总结并表达祝愿。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：农历的 lunar Dear Mike， I'm Li Hua. Knowing that you are coming to China and spend the Mid­Autumn Festival here, I'm writing to give you some information about it. Yours, Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作是一篇说明文，向美国笔友 Mike 介绍中秋节的习俗，故时态使用一般现在时， 人称为第一人称。要点主要把握以下四个方面：一是明确节日时间；二是描述节日内涵；三 是介绍节日庆祝活动；四是表达祝愿。 要点 1：中秋节在农历八月十五日。 The_Mid­Autumn_Festival_falls_on_the_15th__(day)_of_the_eighth_lunar_month. 要点 2：中秋节是家庭团聚和庆祝丰收的节日。 The_Mid­Autumn_Festival_is_a_time_for_family_reunion_and_harvest_celebration. 要点 3：在这一天也有许多庆祝活动。 There_are_also_many_celebration_activities_on_this_day. 要点 4：中秋节对中国人来说是一个非常美好而重要的节日，祝你在中国旅行愉快。 The_Mid­Autumn_Festival_is_a_very_nice_and_important_festival_for_Chinese_people._I_ wish_you_a_pleasant_journey_in_China. 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使文章更加充实，需要对要点进行添枝加叶。例如要点 1 可结合中秋节情景描述月亮 是“最大、最明亮的”，并使用 sth. is said to do ...句型使表达更高级；要点 2 对家庭团聚的 场景具体化描述，体现人们团聚和庆祝丰收的快乐，可使用 It is believed that ..., 让步状语从 句等对句式进行升级；要点 3 介绍节日庆祝活动可使用 with 复合结构，现在分词作状语使 表达更充实；要点 4 对中秋节作总结并祝 Mike 在中国旅行愉快，可使用 and 并列句以及 be sure (that)从句。 拓展 1：据说，在这一天，月亮是最大、最明亮的。(sth. is said to do ... ) On_this_day,_the_moon_is_said_to_be_its_biggest_and_brightest._ 拓展 2－①：人们认为中秋节是家庭团聚和庆祝丰收的节日. (It is believed that ...) It_is_believed_that_the_Mid­Autumn_Festival_is_a_time_for_family_reunion_and_harvest_ celebration. 拓展 2－②：无论他们身在何处，只要有机会，他们都会回家。(让步状语从句) No_matter_where_they_are,_they_will_come_back_home_if_there_is_a_chance. 拓展 3：一轮美丽的月亮高高悬挂在天空，家人坐在一起分享月饼，谈笑风生。他们感 谢大丰收和和谐的生活。(with 复合结构， 现在分词作状语) With_the_beautiful_moon_up_in_the_sky,_family_members_sit_together_and_share_moon_ cakes,_talking_and_laughing._They_give_thanks_for_successful_harvests_and_harmonious_life. _ 拓展 4：我相信你会喜欢我们传统的中秋节，祝你在中国旅行愉快。[and 并列句， be sure (that) ...] I'm_sure_you_will_like_our_traditional_Mid­Autumn_Festival_and_I_wish_you_a_pleasan t_journey_in_China. 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本篇整体上采用了“总—分—总”结构。文章开头开门见山，直接引入要介绍的主题； 中间列举要点，详细介绍了中秋节的具体情况；结尾用 in a word 对中秋节作总结并祝 Mike 在中国旅行愉快。 Dear_Mike， I'm_Li_Hua._Knowing_that_you_are_coming_to_China_and_spend_the_Mid­Autumn_Fest ival_here,_I'm_writing_to_give_you_some_information_about_it. The_Mid­Autumn_Festival_falls_on_the_15th_(day)_of_the_eighth_lunar_month._On_this_ day,_the_moon_is_said_to_be_its_biggest_and_brightest._It_is_believed_that_the_Mid­Autumn_ Festival_is_a_time_for_family_reunion_and_harvest_celebration._No_matter_where_they_are,_t hey_will_come_back_home_if_there_is_a_chance._There_are_also_many_celebration_activities_ on_this_day._With_the_beautiful_moon_up_in_the_sky,_family_members_sit_together_and_shar e_moon_cakes,_talking_and_laughing._They_give_thanks_for_successful_harvests_and_harmoni ous_life. In_a_word,_the_Mid­Autumn_Festival_is_a_very_nice_and_important_festival_for_Chinese _people._I'm_sure_you_will_like_our_traditional_Mid­Autumn_Festival_and_I_wish_you_a_ple asant_journey_in_China. Yours， Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(三)　应用文之人物介绍——抓主题析人物特征，比对定答案 不同的几个人物，依靠某一个特定的主题放置在一起，考查考生读文的各种技巧，这是 高考语篇中人物介绍类应用文的命题特点。此类文章的破解关键在于：首先要抓住把几位人 物链接在一起的纽带，即文章主题；其次要抓住每个人物自身的特点；然后迅速浏览题干， 依据题干中的关键词到文中寻找与之相关的“信息区间”，比对即可得出答案。 [高考典例]　2016·全国卷Ⅰ·A 篇 [抓文章主题，析不 同人物特征] [读文解题技法] 首段点明主题 　人物 1　◄ 职业 　 　 　 　 　　成就 人物 2　◄ 成就　　 　 　 　 人物 3　◄ 　 事件 成就 人物 4　◄ 事件 成就 　 　 　 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years？ Jane Addams (1860­1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907­1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor (1930­present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913­2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil­rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks. 1.读首段，明主题 通读第一段，可知本 文主题应是介绍几 位优秀女性。 2. 关注不同人物特 征 从下面 4 位人物介 绍中知晓发生在她 们身上的事及她们 取得的成就。 3. 题文比对得出答 案 抓住题干中的关键 词，然后到文中寻找 相应人物的特征，比 对即可得出答案。 [由不同人物特征，定位比对归纳出答案] 21．What is noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 22．What was the reason for being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 23．Who made a great contribution to in the U．S.? A．Jane Addams.　　　　　　 B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 24．What can we infer about in the text? A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace­lovers. [答案]　21.A　22.C　23.D　24.C 21．题中人物 ― ― →定位比对 文中人物 1 的“职业”及“成就”，得出答案 22．题中人物 ― ― →定位比对 文中人物 3 的“事件”，得出答案 23．题中事件 ― ― →定位比对 文中人物 4 的“成就”，得出答案 24．总结特征 ― ― →抓文章主题 得出 4 位人物的共性