2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries 41页

‎2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module2Developing and Developed Countries单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．human n．　　(与动物等对比的)人　 2．index n．　 　指数 ‎3．household n. 一家人；家庭 4．charity n. 慈善团体 ‎5．freeway n. 高速公路 6．inhabitant n. 居民 ‎7．smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的 8．vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．income n. 收入 2．measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 ‎3．goal n. 目标 4．position n. 位置 ‎5．figure n. 数字 6．homeless adj. 无家可归的 ‎7．transport n. 交通工具 8．exchange n. 交换 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎　1.hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的 ‎　2.crowded adj.拥挤的→crowd n．人群 v．聚拢 ‎　3.poverty n．贫穷→poor adj.贫穷的 ‎*4.similarity n．类似；相似→similar adj.相似的→similarly adv.相似地；类似地 ‎*5.unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→(反义词)fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财富 ‎　6.entertainment n．娱乐→entertain vt.使娱乐；款待 ‎*7.development n．发展→develop v．(使)发展；(使)成长→developing adj.发展中的→developed adj.发达的 ‎*8.educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育 ‎　9.industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业 ‎*10.polluted adj.受到污染的→pollute v．污染→pollution n．污染 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．The future belongs to people who are well educated,_so education is of great significance to us. (educate)‎ ‎2．Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)．‎ ‎3．The two pictures are similar and it's easy to find many similarities between them. Similarly,_you can also find some differences.(similar)‎ ‎4．It's unfortunate to be stuck in the rain. Even unfortunately,_we couldn't find anyone to help us. At last we tried our fortune to find a shortcut. Fortunately,_we arrived home before dark. So we were also fortunate.(fortune)‎ ‎5．With the development of economy, people's lives are becoming better and better. However, China, as a developing country, is different from America, which is a developed one.(develop)‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．economy /I'kɒnəmI/ n．　　　经济 ‎2．commerce /'kɒmɜːs/ n. 商业 ‎3．corporation /kɔːpə'reIʃ(ə)n/ n. (大)公司 ‎4．firm /fɜːm/ n. 公司，企业 ‎　　　　 adj. 坚固的；坚定的 ‎5．enterprise /'entəpraIz/ n. 公司；企/事业单位 ‎6．company/'kʌmp(ə)nI/ n. 公司 ‎7．negotiation /nIɡəʊʃI'eIʃ(ə)n/ n. 协商；谈判 ‎8．business /'bIznIs/ n. 生意；交易；事业 ‎9．deal /diːl/ n. 量；数额；交易 ‎10．trade /treId/ n. 贸易 ‎11．profit /'prɒfIt/ n. 利润 ‎12．loss /lɒs/ n. 损失 ‎13．account/ə'kaʊnt/ n. 账目；描述 ‎14．bill /bIl/ n. 账单；(美)钞票；票据 ‎15．debt /det/ n. 债务；欠款 ‎16．finance /faI'næns/ n. 资金，财政，财务，金融 ‎17．interest /'Int(ə)rIst/ n. 利息 ‎18．budget /'bʌdʒIt/ n. 预算 ‎19．capital /'kæpIt(ə)l/ n. 资本 ‎20．currency /'kʌr(ə)nsI/ n. 货币；流通 ‎21．invest /In'vest/ v. 投资 ‎22．export /'ekspɔːt/ n．& vt. 出口 ‎23．import /Im'pɔːt/ n．& v. 进口 ‎24．manage /'mænIdʒ/ vt. 管理；经营 ‎25．boom /buːm/ n．& vi. (生意)繁荣；激增 ‎26．decline /dI'klaIn/ n．& v. 减少；下降；衰退 ‎27．decrease /dI'kriːs/ n．& v. 减少；减小；降低 ‎28．poverty /'pɒvəti/ n. 贫穷 ‎29．expectancy /Ik'spektənsi/ n. 预期数额 ‎30．statistics /stə'tIstIks/ n. 统计数字 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.up_to　　　　　　　　　　　　直到；到……时候为止 ‎*2.at_the_top/bottom_of 在……顶端/底部 ‎*3.make_efforts 努力 ‎　4.take_measures 采取措施 ‎*5.in_particular 尤其；特别 ‎　6.be_connected_with 与……有联系；与……有关 ‎*7.be/get_close_to 接近；靠近 ‎　8.make_progress 取得进步 ‎　9.increase_..._by (以……幅度)增加 ‎　10.collect/raise_money_for 为……筹集资金/募捐 ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．Last term he was at_the_top_of the exam list, which made his parents very glad.‎ ‎2．The hotel is_close_to Xiamen University, so we can go there on foot after supper.‎ ‎3．New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up_to ￡15,000 in debt.‎ ‎4．I made_efforts to get the car out of the mud, but it remained stuck there.‎ ‎5．The company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in_particular appeals to the young.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．be short of　　　　短缺的；缺乏的；不足的 ‎2．bring down prices 降低价格 ‎3．meet/satisfy one's needs 满足某人的需求 ‎4．set aside 拨出；留出；不理会 ‎5．make a profit 盈利；赚钱 ‎6．be beneficial to 对……有益 ‎7．lay a solid foundation to ‎ 为……打下坚实基础 ‎8．from another perspective　从另一个角度 ‎9．be devoted to 投身于 ‎10．in all aspects of human life ‎ 在人类生活的各个方面 ‎11．give rise to 引起；使发生 ‎12．take ... into account/consideration ‎ 把……考虑在内 ‎13．make contributions to 为……做贡献 ‎14．out of debt 不欠债 ‎15．in hopes of 希望；怀着……的希望 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．while用作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况 ‎[例句]　Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. ‎ ‎[仿写]　正如上面图表所示，80%的被采访者都对医疗和交通表示满意，而仅有40%的人对物价表示满意。‎ As is apparently shown on the chart above, 80% of the people surveyed express the satisfaction with the medical insurance and public transportation, while_only_40%_are_satisfied_with_the_prices.‎ ‎2．although引导让步状语从句 ‎[例句]　Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.‎ ‎[仿写]　因此，尽管钱对于幸福的生活是必要的，但它不能买来幸福。‎ Therefore, although_money_is_necessary_for_a_happy_life,_it can't buy happiness.‎ ‎3．主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式 ‎[例句]　However, in other regions of the world, e．g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.‎ ‎[仿写]　这个问题不容易回答。‎ This question is_not_easy_to_answer.‎ ‎4．“of＋抽象名词”用来描述人或事物的特征 ‎[例句]　It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age ...‎ ‎[仿写]　我确实希望这本书对他的学习将会非常有价值。 ‎ I do hope this book will be_of_great_value to him in his studies.‎ ‎5．This is because ...这是因为……‎ ‎[例句]　This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.‎ ‎[仿写]　这是因为我们最终认识到它实际上是一种非常环保的生活方式。‎ This_is_because_ we finally realized that it is actually a very ecofriendly way to live.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．China's economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 未来几年，中国经济预计中速增长；因此，在电影行业的投资和高质量电影的数量上，增长是可能的。‎ ‎2．Beijing and Shanghai are the two biggest and most important cities in China. Now let's have a quick look at the similarities and differences between them.　　‎ 北京和上海是中国的两个最大、最重要的城市。现在让我们快速看一下它们之间的异同。‎ ‎3．When seeking the increase of economy, some areas care little about the environment.‎ 当追求经济增长的时候，一些地区不关心环境问题。‎ ‎4．It is estimated that the economic losses were more than 9.7 billion yuan.‎ 估计造成经济损失97亿多元。‎ ‎5．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn't develop economy at the expense of the environment.‎ 现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ With little or no income, up to 10% of the people in this city now live below poverty line. They have a strong desire for a better life. Li Hua holds the position of mayor in the city. He figures that the real poverty is not money but ignorance, so they need to take measures to develop education to make sure that all the children are educated. By making efforts they will promote the development of this city soon.‎ 由于收入很少或没有收入，现在这个城市高达10%的人生活在贫困线以下。他们强烈渴望过上更好的生活。李华在这个城市担任市长职务。他认为真正的贫困是无知，而不是缺乏钱，因此他们需要采取措施发展教育，确保所有的孩子都能接受教育。通过努力不久他们就会推动这个城市的发展。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．measure v．测定；测量；衡量；评估；有……长(或宽、高等) n．尺寸；措施 ‎[教材原句]　What does the Human Development Index measure?‎ 人类发展指数测定的是什么？‎ be measured by/in　　　　 用……来衡量 make ... to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……‎ take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)‎ ‎①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be_measured (measure) only by examination results.‎ 普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。‎ ‎②The number of them is less than 1,000, so I hope you can take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.(2013·重庆高考写作)‎ 它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效的措施来保护它们。‎ ‎③The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.‎ 在建设中的新大桥，经测量桥长是原来老桥的两倍，预计在下个月完工。‎ ‎[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高等”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态，若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2．position n．位置；姿势；地位；职位；处境；立场；态度 ‎[教材原句]　The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.‎ 英国排在第13位，然而中国排在名单的中游。‎ in a(n) ... position　　　 处于……地位/位置 in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置 be in a position to do sth. (因有能力、金钱或权力等而)能做某事 take up a position 就位；担任职位；采取某种立场(态度)‎ hold the position of ... 担任……的职务 ‎①One of the cups is out_of_position. Put it back in_position.‎ 有一只杯子位置不对，把它放回适当的位置。‎ ‎②When I know all the facts, I'll be in a position to_advise (advise) you.‎ 当我了解所有的事实之后，我就能给你提出建议了。‎ ‎③At present she holds the position of sales manager in a large company.‎ 现在她在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务。‎ ‎④Sales manager is a position where communication is just as important as sales skills.‎ 销售经理是一个交流能力和销售技巧同等重要的职位。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当position后跟定语从句且其在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　写出加黑单词在语境中的含义 ‎⑤His remarks showed that he misunderstood my position on the question.态度；立场 ‎3．figure n．数字；图形；雕像；人物；身材；人影 v．计算；认为；描绘 ‎[教材原句]　Complete the chart with figures from the passage.‎ 用课文中的数字完成表格。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中figure的含义 ‎①It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.数字 ‎②After a certain age, you have to work hard to keep your figure.身材 ‎③She was frightened to see a figure in the dark.人影 ‎④Mi Yue, a real historical figure, lived during the Warring States Period.人物 ‎⑤I figure that different people like different things.认为 keep one's figure　　　　 保持身材 figure out 想出；理解；弄明白；计算出 figure on 期待；指望；计算 figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围 ‎⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure_it_out.(2017·北京高考单选)‎ 如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。‎ ‎⑦We figured on your coming early to help us.‎ 我们期待你们会早些来帮助我们。‎ ‎[语境串记]　Being a popular social figure, she always manages to keep her figure and figures out ways to attract the attention of the majority. ‎ 作为一位受欢迎的公众人物， 她总能保持身材并且想出办法来吸引公众的注意力。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We are in a difficult position in that we have nobody properly qualified for this work.‎ ‎2．After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, measuring (measure) more than 10 meters, lying on the ground.‎ ‎3．All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.‎ ‎4．Exchange your idea with your partner and then write it ‎ down.‎ ‎5．He had an income of 2,000 yuan a month, so it was difficult for him to pay off the debts.‎ ‎6．My father warned me against going to the West Coast because it was crowded (crowd) with tourists.‎ ‎7．What are the main differences and similarities (similar) between them?‎ ‎8．In South Africa, English is the language in which black parents wish their children to_be_educated (educate)．‎ ‎9．The river had_been_polluted (pollute) by waste products from the factory, so the police warned people not to bathe in it.‎ ‎10．In order to remove poverty (poor), the World Bank has switched its focus to providing assistance to developing countries.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The government has taken measure to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.measure→measures ‎2．I figured the train tickets but forgot the taxi fares.figured后加in ‎3．Overseas Chinese are particularly sought after for positions which a high degree or leadership is required.which→where ‎4．Many people in the village fell ill because of drinking the polluting water. polluting→polluted ‎5．It was not until Jake came to China as an exchanged student this summer that he began to realize the importance of learning Chinese.exchanged→exchange Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子)‎ ‎1．史密斯先生要求裁缝按照他的尺寸做些新衣服。‎ Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to_his_own_measure.‎ ‎2．他偶尔也和邻居交流几句。‎ He occasionally exchanged_a_few_words_with his neighbours.‎ ‎3．在经过数月努力找一份服务员的工作未果之后，迪娜最终在当地广告事务所谋得了一个职位。‎ Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took_up_a_position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎4．在那些完全控制不了的事情上用最少的时间，并且弄清楚你能做些什么以带来改变。‎ Spend the least time on those things that are completely out of control, and figure_out_what_you_can_do to make a difference. ‎ ‎5．那条路上挤满了看热闹的人。‎ That road has been_crowded_with_people watching the excitement.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．up to直到；达到；到……为止；忙于；胜任；由……决定 ‎[经典例句]　She continued to care for her father up to the time of his death.‎ 她一直照顾父亲，直到他去世。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中up to的含义 ‎①If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan. 达到 ‎②A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.(2015·湖南高考)直到 ‎③Don't worry. He is up to the job that you offered him.胜任 ‎④—Shall we have red wine or white?‎ ‎—It's up to you！由……决定 be up to ...　　　　　　　　 胜任/忙于……‎ It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事 It is up to you. 随你的便/由你来决定。‎ ‎⑤Life is like a cup, but it's up to you to_decide (decide) whether it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.‎ 生活就像一个杯子，但是它是“杯具”还是“洗具”，由你自己决定。‎ ‎2．make efforts努力 ‎[高考佳句]　Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 因此，电影业应该更加努力吸引更多的观众。‎ ‎(1)make to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 ‎(2)with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地；容易地 ‎①More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.(2016·江苏高考单选)‎ 据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。‎ ‎②No pains no gains. I am sure that with_your_great_efforts,_you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.(2014·江西高考书面表达)‎ 不劳无获。我相信只要你们付出巨大努力，你们就会在这里享有一种丰富多彩、硕果累累的生活。‎ ‎③Food safety is very important, so the government spares no effort to_prevent (prevent) food pollution.‎ 食品安全非常重要，因此政府不遗余力地防止食品污染。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“尽一切努力做某事”的表达法还有： ‎ ‎①try/do one's best to do sth.‎ ‎②do all that sb.can to do sth.‎ ‎③do what sb.can to do sth.‎ ‎3．be/get close to 靠近，接近；即将发生 ‎[教材原句]　Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.‎ 对于两个城市来说，旅游业都很重要，而且这两个城市与该地区最美丽的一些乡村近在咫尺。‎ ‎(1)close down　　 (广播电台、电视台)停止播音，停播；(工 ‎ 厂等的)关闭，歇业 close in 包围；封闭；逼近 close up 关闭，停歇；靠拢，靠近，靠紧 ‎(2)close v. 关闭 ‎　 　 adj. 实力接近的；严密的；亲密的 ‎　 　 adv. 靠近(指距离上)‎ closely adv. 密切地，仔细地(指程度或关系的紧密)‎ closed adj. 关着的，闭着的，停业的 ‎①I love getting close to nature to relax after the exam.‎ 我喜欢在考试后去接近大自然来放松一下。‎ ‎②I can't believe that the restaurant, where I have eaten such wonderful meals, is going to close down.‎ 我不相信那家饭店要停业了，我曾在那儿吃过很可口的饭。‎ ‎③I think it was Charlie Chaplin who said that close up,_human life is tragic, but from a distance, it's funny.‎ 我想应该是查理·卓别林说的这句话吧：靠近看，人生就是个悲剧，但从远处看，又很有趣。‎ ‎4．Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.‎ 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。‎ 本句中while作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”；while还可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”；引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然；只要”。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中while的含义 ‎①Some people waste food while others haven't enough.然而；可是 ‎②While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.(2016·浙江高考单选)‎ 尽管；虽然 ‎③Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 当……时候 ‎④While there is a life, there is hope.只要 ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选用所给短语完成下面语段 Li Ming who lived in a poor family went to school 1.up_to the age of eight. He was not good at his studies in the beginning. 2.To_make_sure he could catch up with other students, his teachers decided to help him after class. With the teachers' help, he 3.made_great_progress in his studies. Last term he was 4.at_the_top_of the exam list. He believed that he was sure to go to an ideal university by 5.making_efforts.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．This question is very important.‎ ‎→This question is of_great_importance.‎ ‎2．This pair of shoes is not the same in size.‎ ‎→This pair of shoes is not of_the_same_size.‎ ‎3．Some people like living in the city. Others prefer living in the ‎ countryside.‎ ‎→Some people like living in the city while_others_prefer_living_in_the_countryside.‎ ‎4．A temple stands on the top of the mountain.‎ ‎→On the top of the mountain stands_a_temple.‎ ‎5．Because he got up late, he didn't catch the early bus.‎ ‎→He didn't catch the early bus. That's_because he got up late.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 development， household， income， poverty， tourism， take measures， make efforts， fortunately， educate ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①随着经济的发展，大多数人的生活水平提高了。‎ With the development of economy, most people's living standard has risen.‎ ‎②在这个地区中一些家庭仍然收入低，生活在贫困中。‎ In this region some households still have a low income and live in poverty. ‎ ‎③幸运地是，政府正在采取措施以改变他们的生活。‎ Fortunately,_the government is taking_measures to change their life.‎ ‎④他们认为教育很重要并且所有的孩子都应该接受教育。‎ They think education is very important and all the children should be educated.‎ ‎⑤政府正在努力提高经济发展水平，例如，发展旅游业。‎ The government is making_efforts to improve the development of economy, for example, developing the tourism.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用while作并列连词合并句①和句②‎ With_the_development_of_economy,_most_people's_living_standard_has_risen,_while_in_this_region_some_households_still_have_a_low_income_and_live_in_poverty.‎ ‎(2)用“of＋n.”改写句④‎ They_think_education_is_of_great_importance_and_all_the_children_should_be_educated.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first, second)‎ With the development of economy, most people's living standard has risen, while in this region some households still have a low income and live in poverty. Fortunately, the government is taking measures to change their life. First, they think education is of great importance and all the children should be educated. Second, the government is making efforts to improve the development of economy, for example, developing the tourism. ‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——‎ 并列连词连接的宾语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.‎ 由连词but连接的两个that引导的宾语从句。‎ Axani在公告中写到，他并不寻求任何回报，使用这张额外机票的女士既可以选择和他一起旅行，也可以把票拿走独自去旅行。‎ 真题长难句 Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)‎ 由连词and连接的两个并列的宾语从句。‎ 众所周知，中国还是一个发展中国家，作为中学生，我们要了解发展中国家与发达国家之间的差异，然后思考怎样去缩小我们国家与发达国家的差异，从而努力学习、建设美丽祖国。此话题通常出现在阅读理解、完形填空等题型中，以说明文居多。‎ 话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2013·北京高考七选五)‎ Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. __1__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.‎ Britain was only the beginning. __2__ The process of urbanization — the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.‎ In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms. __3__‎ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities. __4__ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite (精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.‎ Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __5__ Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers.‎ A．That kept cities very small.‎ B．The rest live in small towns.‎ C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered.‎ D．Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.‎ E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.‎ F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.‎ G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 速读全文，可知文章体裁为说明文，主要讲述了城市化的形成与发展。其行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：继英国率先成为城市化社会后，许多国家纷纷效仿，掀起了轰轰烈烈的城市化运动。‎ ‎1．选E　根据上一句以及下一句的内容可知，此处是按时间顺序叙述城市化的进程的，且E项中的“only a few people could live in cities”与下一句中的“nearly everyone lived on farms”相呼应。‎ ‎2．选D　第一段的后半部分提到英国在20世纪成为第一个城市化社会，本段第一句提到英国仅仅是个开端，由此可知不久以后许多其他工业国家也成为城市化社会。‎ ‎3．选B　结合前两句中提到的82%和2%可知，此处应叙述其余的人居住在何处。‎ ‎4．选A　根据前两句的内容，尤其是“Large cities were impossible”可知，受农业社会的限制，当时的城市规模很小。本段后半部分提到的当时的城市规模受限于剩余食物的数量也是线索提示。‎ ‎5．选F　上一句中提到工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡，再结合下一句中的“one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers”可判断此项正确。‎ ‎[阅读七选五系列技法2]　“细节线索题”——关注关键词语 词汇是考生理解文章，做好阅读七选五的基础，只有考生正确地理解了词汇的含义，才能够把握好词汇在文章中的意义，进而做出正确的判断。首先考生需要关注空前后的名词和动词，这些词汇是文章中的关键词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的同义词、反义词或表示一类事物的词语等。其次是题目和选项中相呼应的代词、数词、时间的词等，这些词汇对于设空处语句的选择具有一定的指导和暗示作用，会帮助考生找到细节线索，从而做出正确的判断。‎ 下面我们以上文第5小题为例，空格前后的关键词有“the Industrial Revolution, farmers, feed”等，观察选项F.“Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.”，“Modernization”与文中关键词“the Industrial Revolution”近义，“farmers”与文中“farmers”是同词。再结合上下文文意，我们不难选择出答案应该为F项。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．relatively adv.　　　　　　　　相当地；相对地 ‎ ‎2．tiny adj. 微小的；很少的 ‎ ‎3．urban adj. 城市的；住在都市的 ‎ ‎4．majority n. 多数 ‎ ‎5．agriculture n. 农业 ‎ ‎6．no more than 仅仅 ‎ ‎7．the Industrial Revolution 工业革命 ‎ ‎8．instead of 代替 ‎ ‎9．more than 超过 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Like many young people around the world, Emmanuel dreamed of getting a university education in the United States. The 26yearold is an undocumented immigrant. This means he does not have the official permission needed to enter, live in, or work in the U．S. Emmanuel came to America from Mexico five years ago, when he discovered that he had to learn English and his dream was much more difficult to achieve. The major difficulty he realized was that there were very few opportunities for him to really receive a formal education.‎ Federal laws do not prevent immigrants from going to college. But laws do ban illegal immigrants from receiving government financial aid. The average cost of a fouryear degree at a public university is ＄9,410. By comparison, the average cost at a private university is ＄32,405.‎ Many immigrants come to the U．S. with little money, so they ‎ usually can't afford the expensive education. Emmanuel read about University of the People which has no tuition fee. The classes and teaching materials are all free online. All the teachers are volunteers. But students must be at least 18 years old and have completed high school. The university just requires students to pay a ＄50 application fee when they are admitted and a ＄100 test fee when they complete a class.‎ Shai Reshef is the president of University of the People. He was born in Israel. He decided to create a tuitionfree university after visiting several poor countries, where people had limited higher education opportunities. He notes that University of the People is a model to show universities and governments that the issue can be solved. Higher education can be affordable, can be highquality and shouldn't leave anyone behind.‎ Currently, there are more than 2,500 students studying with the University of the People. It only provides degrees in computer science and business administration. The university expects the student number to double next year. ‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。伊曼纽尔梦想着在美国接受大学教育，他从墨西哥非法移民来到了美国，却发现自己的梦想比想象的更加难以实现，幸运的是他找到了美国人民大学。‎ ‎1．What's the biggest problem for Emmanuel?‎ A．He didn't understand English at all.‎ B．It took him several years to find a job.‎ C．It was hard for him to receive education.‎ D．He missed his native country very much.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，最大的困难是像他这样的非法移民很难有机会在美国真正接受正规教育。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?‎ A．It's against the U．S. laws for immigrants to get a college education.‎ B．The cost of public universities is higher than that of private ones.‎ C．People pay ＄32,405 each year for learning at a private university.‎ D．The U．S. government doesn't offer illegal immigrants money help.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，美国联邦法律未禁止移民上大学，但是法律禁止非法移民获得政府的财政援助。‎ ‎3．What does Shai Reshef think about higher education?‎ A．It is difficult in Israel.‎ B．The cost of it needs to be increased.‎ C．It should be accessible to everybody.‎ D．People in poor countries don't need to receive it.‎ 解析：‎ 选C　推理判断题。由第四段可知，校长沙伊·瑞希夫指出，美国人民大学是一个典范，向各个大学和政府表明高等教育问题是可以解决的。高等教育是可以负担得起、可以高质量的，而且不应该抛弃任何人。‎ ‎4．What do we know about the University of the People?‎ A．It is enjoying a good market.‎ B．There are a wide variety of courses.‎ C．Students need to pay nothing to study there.‎ D．Anybody over the age of 18 will be accepted.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The university expects the student number to double next year.”可知，美国人民大学预计明年的人数将翻番，即这个学校很有市场。根据第三段可知，C、D两项错误。‎ B When Adan Gonzalez was a high school student in a poor neighborhood in Dallas, TX, he had dreamed of going to college. But first he needed to get through high school. Then he needed to apply for college.‎ At one time, Adan shared one bedroom with six others while his father worked long hours as a custodian (看门人) and his mother held parttime jobs to help feed the family. Unlike many other students in America there was no Internet in his apartment, and too often no electricity. To complete homework requiring online access, he would walk late at night, after sports practices, to a McDonald's ‎ or Starbucks to catch enough of WiFi signals to finish his homework on a borrowed laptop. When he had to research and apply for college, he hit the streets in search of a signal that didn't have a password attached to it.‎ Fortunately, Adan was resourceful, hardworking and patient to jump over this_gap_in_technology which traps many other poor youths.‎ In today's digital world, students can't learn as well without the Internet. Going forward into tomorrow, there will only be a bigger gap (差距) between the Internet haves and the havenots. As the havenots continue to struggle to keep up, our entire educational system will also struggle to keep up globally and later our workforce will struggle, too. And that's an even bigger problem in the near future.‎ Recently, Adan has graduated from Georgetown University decorated with national awards, captain of the boxing team, and has engaged over 10,000 youths through his Si Se Puede Network. Yes, this is his story. And now we need to change it so others can have the same happy ending without as many struggles in the story.‎ 语篇解读：现在的高中生做家庭作业需要使用互联网，但是很多学生因贫穷无法使用互联网。‎ ‎5．From Paragraph 2 we can learn that Adan Gonzalez ________.‎ A．had to help feed his family ‎ B．had a poor family background C．didn't like living with his family ‎ D．used to turn off lights to save money 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Adan的爸爸是个看门人，妈妈做临时工补贴家用，家里7个孩子共用一个房间，家里没网且经常没电，他要上网的时候得去麦当劳或星巴克蹭网。由此可知，他的家庭比较贫困。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined part “this gap in technology” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?‎ A．Having no electricity.‎ B．Having no laptops to use.‎ C．Having no WiFi password.‎ D．Having no Internet for homework.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，Adan无法连接互联网来完成家庭作业，“this gap in technology”指的就是这事。‎ ‎7．Paragraph 4 mainly shows that ________.‎ A．today's educational system is struggling B．many students struggle in this digital world C．having Internet is important to today's students D．the whole country's workforce will suffer one day 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“In today's digital ‎ world, students can't learn as well without the Internet”以及“As the havenots continue to struggle to keep up, our entire educational system will also struggle ...”可知，这一段主要表明能够上网对于现在的学生来说很重要。‎ ‎8．The text is most probably written to ________.‎ A．share Adan Gonzalez's life story B．inspire readers with Adan Gonzalez's story C．show today's world is unfair to poor students D．invite us to help poor students have access to the Internet 解析：选D　写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，本文旨在通过Adan的故事呼吁人们关注贫困学生使用互联网的情况。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Many years ago in a small Indian village, a farmer had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to a village moneylender. The moneylender, who was old and ugly, __1__ the farmer's beautiful daughter. So he proposed a(n) __2__. He said he would cancel the farmer's debt __3__ he could marry his daughter.‎ Both the farmer and his daughter were horrified by the __4__. So the cunning moneylender suggested that they let providence (天意) __5__ the matter. He told them that he would put a black stone and a white stone into a(n) __6__ moneybag. Then the girl would have to __7__ one stone from the bag. If she picked the black one, she would become his __8__ and her father's debt would be forgiven.‎ ‎ She need not marry him and her father's debt would still be __9__， if she picked the white one. If she __10__ to pick a stone, her father would be thrown into jail.‎ They were __11__ on a stone path in the farmer's field. As they talked, the moneylender bent over to pick up two stones. As he picked them up, the sharpeyed girl noticed that he had picked up two __12__ stones and put them into the bag. He then __13__ the girl to pick a stone from the bag. ‎ The girl put her __14__ into the moneybag and drew out a stone. Without __15__ it, she let it fall onto the stone path where it __16__ became lost among all the other stones.‎ ‎“Oh, how __17__ of me！” she said. “But never mind. If you look into the bag for the one that is __18__， you will be able to tell which stone I picked.”‎ The moneylender dared not admit his __19__. The girl changed what seemed a(n) __20__ situation into an extremely advantageous one.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。狡猾的放债者想要用计谋骗娶农夫的女儿，可是女孩的聪明和机智使局面转危为安。‎ ‎1．A.adopted B．hated C．worried D．liked 解析：选D　根据下文可知，放债者想要娶农夫的女儿，由此可推知，他喜欢(liked)她。‎ ‎2．A.apology B．show C．bargain D．competition 解析：选C　根据本空后的内容可知，放债者提出了一个协议(bargain)。‎ ‎3．A.if B．even though ‎ C．unless D．as if 解析：选A　如果(if)他能够娶到农夫的女儿，农夫的债务就可以被免除。‎ ‎4．A.suggestion B．call C．prize D．answer 解析：选A　农夫和女儿对放债者所提出的建议(suggestion)感到非常害怕。第2空前的proposed和本空后的suggested是提示。‎ ‎5．A.discover B．prove C．decide D．explain 解析：选C　下文叙述了放债者的具体方法，他的意思是想让天意决定(decide)这件事情。‎ ‎6．A.full B．empty ‎ C．heavy D．harmful 解析：选B　根据第18空前的“If you look into the bag for the one”等语境可知，此处指把石头放到空的(empty)钱袋子里。‎ ‎7．A.throw B．break ‎ C．control D．pick 解析：选D　女孩将从袋子里挑选(pick)一块石头。‎ ‎8．A.wife B．servant C．secretary D．friend 解析：选A　放债者的要求是：如果拿到黑色石头，她就要成为他的妻子(wife)。‎ ‎9．A.prepared B．hunted C．cancelled D．described 解析：选C　根据本空前的still可推知，如果拿到白色石头，农夫的债务也仍然会被免除(cancelled)。‎ ‎10．A.learned B．planned C．pretended D．refused 解析：选D　如果女孩拒绝(refused)选出石头，她的父亲将会被送进监狱。‎ ‎11．A.running B．standing C．lying D．sitting 解析：选B　根据下句的“bent over to pick up two stones”可知，他们是站在(standing)石头路上的。‎ ‎12．A.green B．white C．yellow D．black 解析：选D　女孩看到了他拾起的石头，同时根据女孩下面的做法可推知，狡猾的放债者放进袋子里的是两块黑色的(black)石头。‎ ‎13．A.begged B．asked C．forbade D．taught 解析：选B　放债者把石头放进袋子里，要求(asked)女孩去挑选。‎ ‎14．A.money B．stone C．hand D．gift 解析：选C　女孩把手(hand)伸进袋子里去挑选石头。‎ ‎15．A.looking at B．paying for C．depending on D．dreaming of 解析：选A　没有看(looking at)挑出来的石头，女孩就把石头丢到了地上。‎ ‎16．A.slowly B．hardly C．immediately D．secretly 解析：选C　被丢掉的石头立刻(immediately)与其他石头混在了一起。‎ ‎17．A.careless B．selfish C．helpful D．kind 解析：‎ 选A　女孩儿对放债者说自己粗心(careless)，竟然把石头掉到了地上。因此她要求放债者看看袋子里剩下的(left)是什么颜色的石头。‎ ‎18．A.changed B．missed C．hidden D．left 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.happiness B．dishonesty C．bravery D．courage 解析：选B　放债者并没有按着协议放两块不同颜色的石头，而是放了两块黑色的石头，因此他不敢承认自己的不诚实(dishonesty)。‎ ‎20．A.ordinary B．impossible C．perfect D．ideal 解析：选B　女孩儿把不可能的(impossible)情况变成了有利于自己的局面。‎