2020人教版英语八年级上册第一次月考知识点梳理 27页

英语八年级月考知识点清单 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 一、单词 anyone ['eniwʌn] pron.任何人 anywhere ['eniweə(r)] adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方 wonderful ['wʌndəfl] adj.精彩的；极好的 few [fjuː] adj.很少的；n.少量 most [məʊst] adj.最多的；大多数的； something ['sʌmθɪŋ] pron.某事物； nothing(=not…anything) ['nʌθɪŋ] pron.没有什么 n.没有 myself [maɪ'self] pron.我自己 everyone ['evriwʌn] pron.每人；人人 yourself [jɔː'self] pron.你自己；你亲自 hen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽 bored [bɔːd] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 pig n.猪 diary ['daɪəri] n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary) seem [siːm] vi.似乎；好像 someone ['sʌmwʌn] pron.某人；有人 quite a few 相当多；不少(后接可数名词) of course [əvkɔːs] 当然 activity [æk'tɪvəti] n.活动；活跃 decide [dɪ'saɪd] v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.) try [traɪ] v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.) bird [bɜːd] n.鸟；禽 paragliding ['pærəɡlaɪdɪŋ] n.空中滑翔跳伞 bicycle ['baɪsɪkl] n.自行车 building ['bɪldɪŋ] n.建筑物 trader ['treɪdə(r)] n.商人；商船 wonder ['wʌndə(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑 difference ['dɪfrəns] n.差异；不同 top [tɒp] n.顶部；顶 wait [weɪt] v.等；等待(wait for) umbrella [ʌm'brelə] n.伞；雨伞 wet [wet] adj.湿的；雨天的 below [bɪ'ləʊ] prep.低于；在...下面 adv.在下面 as [əz] conj.如同；像...一样 enough [ɪ'nʌf] adj.足够的 adv.足够地；充分地 duck [dʌk] n.鸭肉；鸭 hungry(反 full) ['hʌŋɡri] adj.饥饿的；渴望的 feel like(doing sth.)想要 dislike [dɪs'laɪk] v.不喜欢；厌恶 n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感 二、重点短语 1. go on vacation 去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬山 4. go to the beach 去海滩 5. visit museums 参观博物馆 6. go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 7.quite a few 相当多 8.study for 为……而学习 9.go out 出去 10.most of the time 大部分时间 11. taste good 尝起来很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得高兴 13. of course 当然 14.feel like 给……的感觉；感受到 15.go shopping 去购物 16.in the past 在过去 17. walk around 四处走走 18. because of 因为 19. one bowl of… 一碗…… 20. the next day 第二天 21. drink tea 喝茶 22. find out 找出； 查明 23. go on 继续 24.take photos 照相 25. something important 重要的事 26. up and down 上上下下 27. come up 出来 28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 29. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 30. look+adj. 看起来…… 31.nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 32.seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… 33. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 34.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 35. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / 36. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 37. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事/ 38. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 39. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 40. want to do sth. 想去做某事 41. start doing sth. 开始做某事 42. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 43. dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 44. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 45. Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做……呢？ 46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于…… 47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛 快 三、重点句子： 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 2. Long time no see. 好久不见。 3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗？ 4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。 5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。 6. I bought something for my father. 我给我爸爸买了些东西。 7. How did you like it？ 你觉得它怎么样？ 8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。 9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午饭我们吃了很 特别的东西。 10. …but many of the old buildings are still there. ……但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。 11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. 今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。 12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn’t see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。 四、语法： 复合不定代词或副的构成及用法 构成：由 some, any, no, every 分别加上-body, -thing, -one 构成 的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上-where 构成副词。 用法： （1）合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat. （2）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading. （3）some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中； any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。 但 some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑 问句中。 Someone is calling me. There isn’t anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? （4）形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。 There is something delicious on the table. （5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere 用作副词。 Flowers come out everywhere. 注：① 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything special ② 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数. Unit2 How often do you exercise? 一、单词 housework ['haʊswɜːk] n.家务劳动 hardly ['hɑːdli] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚 ever ['evə(r)] adv.曾经；在任何时候 once [wʌns] adv.一次；曾经 twice [twaɪs] adv.两倍；两次 Internet ['ɪntənet] n.因特网 program ['prəʊɡræm] n.节目；程序；课程；节目单 full [fʊl] adj.满的；充满的；完全的 swing [swɪŋ] n.摇摆；秋千 v.摇摆；旋转 maybe ['meɪbi] adv.或许；也许；可能 swing dance 摇摆舞 least [liːst] adj.最小的；最少的 at least 至少 hardly ever 很少；几乎从不；难得 junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物 coffee ['kɒfi] n.咖啡；咖啡色 health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态 result [rɪ'zʌlt] .结果；后果 percent [pə'sent] adj.百分之...的 online [ˌɒn'laɪn] adj.在线的 adv.在线地 television ['telɪvɪʒn] n.电视机；电视节目 although [ɔːl'ðəʊ] conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是 through [θruː] prep.穿过；凭借；一直到 body ['bɒdi] n.身体 mind [maɪnd] .头脑；想法；意见；心思 such [sʌtʃ] adj.这样的；如此的 together [tə'ɡeðə(r)] adv.共同；一起 die [daɪ] v.死；枯竭；消失 writer ['raɪtə(r)] n.作者；作家 dentist ['dentɪst] n.牙科医生 magazine ['mæɡəziːn] n.杂志 however [haʊ'evə(r)] adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么 than [ðən] conj.比 almost ['ɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎；差不多 none [nʌn] pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无 less [les] adj.更少的；较少的 point [pɔɪnt] n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数 二、重点短语 such as 例如；诸如 junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品 more than 超过；多于；不仅仅；非常 less than 不到；少于 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月两次 every day 每天 be free 有空 go to the movies 去看电影 use the Internet 用互联网 swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis 打网球 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动 be good for 对……有好处 go camping 去野营 not…at all 一点儿也不…… in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间 the most popular 最受欢迎的 such as 比如；诸如 old habits die hard 积习难改 go to the dentist 去看牙医 morn than 多于；超过 less than 少于 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？ want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……? spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……? 你最喜爱的……是什么？ the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 三．重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies. (1) on weekends/on the weekend 在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看电影 (3) 第一个 do 助动词 第二个 do 实意动词 2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever 起强调作用。 hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不没有）”，相当于 almost not，本 身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。 E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和 hard hard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦 的，硬的”； hard 作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。 hardly 意为“几乎不” 3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week. (1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。 (2) twice a week 一周两次 拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词+ times three times four times 4. What's your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？ 5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有 点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词 why。但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it? 6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一 次电影。 maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park. 辨析：maybe 与 may be maybe 副词，作状语，意为“或 许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 may be 属于“情态动 词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”。 (1) The baby is crying she is hungry. (2) The woman a teacher . 7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事 8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我 们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是 90% 的学生每天都上网，而另外 10%的学生一周至少上网达三至 四次。 (1) other: adj. 其他的+名词 the other: adj. 其他的+名词(在特定的范围内) one„the other„ 一个„„另一个 E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. 它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是紫色的。 others: 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范 围内) E.g. One of the children likes reading，the others like singing. 后句可替换为 the other students like singing. (2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多 E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most. 9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。 10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。 the answers to our questions 问题的答案 dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞 key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙 11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。 12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通 过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的 放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。 (1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事„„的 E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well. (2) by doing sth. 通过做某事 (3) the best way to do sth. is 做某事的最好方式 13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。 stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。 (二)语法知识: 频度副词 1. 频度副词的含义 (1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。 常用的频度副词按高低依次为 always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用 once，两次用 twice， 三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置 (1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动 词之后 E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. (2)有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义 sometimes 常位于句首，和位于句中区别不大。 E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games. often 用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有 quite，very 修饰 E.g.Very often he goes online. Usually 也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。 E.g. Usually my father goes up early. Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。 E.g. Always remember this. 3. 对频度副词提问时，用 how often E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a month Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 一、单词 outgoing ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj.外向的 better ['betə(r)] adj.更好的；较好的 adv.更好地 loudly ['laʊdli] adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地 quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地 hard-working [hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ] adj.勤勉的；努力工作的 competition [ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn] n.竞争；比赛 fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk] adj.极好的；了不起的 which adj.哪一个；哪一些 pron.哪一个；哪些 clearly ['klɪəli] adv.清楚地；显然地 win [wɪn] v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得 n.胜利 though conj.虽然；尽管；adv.不过 care about 关心 talented ['tæləntɪd] adj.有才能的；有天赋的 truly ['truːli] adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地 care [keə(r)] v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎 serious ['sɪəriəs] adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的 mirror ['mɪrə(r)] n.镜子；反映 necessary ['nesəsəri] adj.必要的；必然的 both [bəʊθ] adj.两者都 pron.两者 should [ʃəd] aux.应该；可能；应当；将要 touch [tʌtʃ] vt.触摸；感动 reach [riːtʃ] v.到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；(伸手)去 够 heart [hɑːt] n.心脏；内心 fact [fækt] n.事实；真相；实际 break [breɪk] v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 laugh [lɑːf] v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料 similar ['sɪmələ(r)] adj.类似的 share [ʃeə(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；共有 loud [laʊd] adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地 primary ['praɪməri] adj.最初的，最早的 be different from 和...不同 information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] n.信息；情报；资料；通知 as long as 只要 bring out 拿出；推出 the same as 与...同样的 in fact 事实上；实际上；确切地说 be similar to 类似于；与...相似 二、重点短语 more outgoing 更外向 as…as… 与……一样…… the singing competition 唱歌比赛 be similar to 与……相像的/类似的 the same as 和……相同；与……一致 be different from 与……不同 care about 关心；介意 be like a mirror 像一面镜子 the most important 最重要的 as long as 只要；既然 bring out 使显现；使表现出 get better grades 取得更好的成绩 reach for 伸手取 in fact 事实上；实际上 make friends 交朋友 the other 其他的 touch one’s heart 感动某人 be talented in music 有音乐天赋 be good at 擅长…… be good with 善于与……相处 have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。 三、重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打 得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“两者都”， both 用在含有 be 动词的句中，应放 在 be 动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动 词的前面， (2) both…and…表示“两者都”，both...and 在句中连接并列成 分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主 语) The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语) 拓展：all 表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思， every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)， each 指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。 as...as 意为“与……一样……”，as...as 中间接形容词或副词的 原级。 其否定结构 not as/so...as 意为“不如……”。 E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。 Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 注意：(1) 其否定式为 not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. (2) 若有修饰成分，如 twice, three times, half, a quarter 等，则 须置于第一个 as 之前。 E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。 3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。 win 此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”； win 还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在……中获胜”，此时其 后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ 辨析：win 与 beat win 表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项 目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. beat 表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。 E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race. (2) though 此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于 句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。 E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though. 拓展：though 作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于 although。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. 注意：although/though 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。 the most important 意为“最重要的”，是 important 的最高级形 式。 important 的比较级为 more important，形容词的最高级形式前 必须有定冠词 the。 E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects. The most important thing is to work hard. (2) have fun 意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”。 E.g. It’s a good place to have fun. 拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。 E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？ 5. ....truly cares about me... care about 关心，在意 take care 当心 take care of 照顾 6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我 发笑。 (1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o’clock. 7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too. talented 为形 容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”，其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in 为固定搭配，表示“在……方面有天赋”。 E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。 The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。 8. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩 子更文静更稳重。 (1) serious 为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”。 E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class. 9. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。 That’s why...意为“那就是……的原因”，why 引导的句子作表 语，是表语从句。 E.g. That’s why I don’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that’s why I missed the bus. 10. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。 “It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事对某 人来说是……的”。结构中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后 面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如 difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible 等。 E.g. It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day. It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone. 11. But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 但是我认为朋友就像书一样—— 你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。 as long as 意为“只要；既 然”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can 时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth. You will get good grades as long as you work hard. 12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。bring out 意为“使 显现；使表现出”。 E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下 这首诗的意义。 13. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。 if 作连词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于 ask，know， wonder，find out 等动词(短语)之后。E.g. I don’t know if he is at home. He asks me if I like music. 14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 (1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”，reach 此处作不及物动词， 意为“伸手”。 E.g. He reaches for the box, but he is too short. (2) touch 及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。 E.g. The sad story touched us. He touched his son’s head lightly.