- 208.50 KB
- 2021-10-12 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
辅导科目
英语
就读年级
初二
教师姓名
课 题
专题:不定代词
授课时间
备课时间
教学目标
了解不定代词做的句子成分;
掌握不定代词(如some, any, few等)的用法;
掌握复合不定代词(如someone, anybody等)的用法;
重、难点
介词by及动名词的用法
教学内容
走进“不定代词”
①什么是不定代词?
不定代词大部分可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
②不定代词能做什么成分?
◆作主语
Both of them are teachers.他们两人都是教师。
◆作宾语
I know nothing about this person.我对这个人一无所知。
◆作表语
This book is too much difficult for a child.这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。
◆作定语
There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。
◆作状语
I can't find my book anywhere. 我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。
some
【some用法归纳】
① some通常用于肯定句,表示“几个,一些”,既可以修饰可数[C],也可修饰不可数[U].既可指人,也可指物。
例:some books some water
Some like sports, others like music.
② some也可以用于疑问句中表示征求别人意见,而希望得到对方的肯定回答。
例:Would you like some coffee?
Could you give me some more apples?
③ some有时可修饰单数可数名词,表示“某个”。
例:This morning, some boy asked for you.
There must be some reason for what he’s done.
any
any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
例:If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.
图书馆如果来了新杂志,替我借几本。
Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗?
Is there any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗?
② any还可以用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。
例:You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。
You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。
(a)few; (a)little
用法
表示肯定
表示否定
修饰或代替复数可数名词
a few (虽然不多,但有几个)
few (几乎没有)
修饰或代替不可数名词
a little (虽然不多,但有一点)
little (几乎没有)
① few的意思是“没有几个”; a few的意思是“少数”, “几个”; 修饰可数名词; a few表示肯定意义, few表示否定意义。
例:The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it. 这个问题太难了,几乎没人能做出来。
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。
Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。
A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。
② little“没有多少”,a little“少量”,修饰不可数名词;
a little表示肯定意义,little表示否定意义。
例:There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。
Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
虽然整整一个月没下雨了,但池塘里还有一点水。
either, both, all
① either表示“两者中的任何一个”。
例:Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。
Either will do. 两个都行。
② both“两个都”,修饰可数名词,统指两者。
例:Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。
Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。
③ all“全部,所有的”,修饰可数名词和不可数名词,指两个以上的人或物。
例:All the students contributed to the fund. 所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。
All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。
We are all for you. 我们都支持你。
Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言,言无不尽。
no, neither, none
① no“不”,可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
例:Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。
I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。
② neither“两者中哪个都不”,其所指范围是两个人或物。
例:Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.
两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。
③ none“没有一个人或东西”,它既可指可数名词(其所指范围是两个以上的人或物),又可指不可数名词。
例:All of the trees were cut down, and none was were left. 所有的树都被砍了,一棵也不剩。
None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。
None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。
another,other,the other,
others,the others
① another指同类中多个东西中的“另一个” (即one more)。
例:This watch doesn't work, I must get another one. 这块表坏了,我该另买一块了。
He went back to work too soon,and was laid up for another three months.
他回去上班过早,结果又病倒三个月。
注意: other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。
如:Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。
Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger. 玛丽比我大,其余的都是我妹妹。
② other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。
例:There must be some other reason for him refusing to help. 他不予帮助一定另有原因。
I saw Tom with some other fellow students. 我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。
③ the other one/ones.指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。
例:I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.
我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了,我把那一把丢了。
Where are the other students? 其他学生去哪儿了?
One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.
一个凶手被抓住了,另一个却依然逍遥法外。
④ others是other的复数形式,指其他的、另外的人或物。
例:We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.
我们不应该只想到自己的孩子,还有别的孩子也需要照顾。
Others may object to this plan. 别人可能会反对这个计划。
⑤ the others表示同类中余下的全部。
例:The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left. 搜寻小组一分为二,一部分人向右,另一部分向左。
Jenny is cleverer than any of the others in her class.
珍妮比班上的其他(任何)人都聪明。
附表:
单数
单数
≥3
每一个
every
单数
单数
≥2
每一个
each
单数或复数
○
≥3
三者或三者以上都不
none
单数或复数
单数或复数
≥3
三者或三者以上都
all
单数
单数
=2
两者都不
neither
单数
单数
=2
两者中的任何一个
either
复数
复数
=2
两者都
both
作主语时动词的数
作定语时名词的数
数量关系
含义
不定代词
复合不定代词
①什么是复合不定代词?
复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing所组成的不定代词。
②复合不定代词包括哪些?
someone(某人) somebody(某人) something(某事物) somewhere(某地)
anyone(任何人) anybody(任何人) anything(任何事物) anywhere(任何地方)
no one(没人) nobody(没人) nothing(没事物) nowhere(没有地方)
everyone(每个人)everybody(每个人) everything(一切事物) everywhere(一切地方),这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
※注意:
◆复合不定代词若作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数.
例:I am new here, so nobody knows me. (我是新来的,因此没人认识我。)
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. (有人在门口等你。)
◆形容词修饰不定代词时,该形容词必须后置。
Something strange happened in our neighborhood. (我们小区发生了一些奇怪的事情。)
There’s nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. (世上无难事,只怕有心人)
Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?
Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?
③ 含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything;someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
◆something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。
如:He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。
Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?
I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人。
◆在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。
如: Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?
Isn’t there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?
◆当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。
如:Anything is OK. 什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
④ 复合不定代词的否定
◆“not every-”表示的是部分否定,意为“并非都,不都”。
例:Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。
◆ “not any-”和no-均表示全否定。
例:He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到。
= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话,是吗?
= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?
夯实基础 稳步提高
Ⅰ.单项选择。
( )1.Today, _____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.
A.much too B.too much C.many too D.too many
( )2.There are lots of English books here, and _____ of them is easy to understand.
A.both B.all C.every D.each
( )3.Is the shirt on the bed ______ ?
A.yours B.your C.you
( )4.Mr. Green taught ______ English last year.
A.our B.we C.us
( )5.These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ______ one.
A.other B.others C.the others D.another
( )6.Mary can't go with us. ______ has to look after ______ mother at home.
A.She; his B.She; her C.He; her D.He; His
( )7.There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?
A.any; some B.any; any C.some; some D.some; any
( )8.I often help ____ .
A.he or she B.his and her C.him and her D.his and hers
( )9.There are some trees on ____ side of the street.
A.both B.all C.either D.every
( )10.---“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”
----“I like ____ , because they're not useful.”
A.both B.either C.all D.neither
( )11.They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A.any B.some C.none D.neither
( )12.There were ____ people and---- noise in the park last Sunday.
A.many; much B.much; much C.much; many D.many; many
( )13.____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.
A.Each; every B.Every; each C.Each; each D.Every; every
( )14.Please keep together. We want ____ of you to get lost.
A.none B.some C.many D.any
( )15.There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.
A.little; a few B.few; little C.few; a few D.little; a little
1.D.too much只能修饰不可数名词,too many只修饰可数名词;A项只修饰形容词或副词;C项本身就是错误的。
2.D.every和each都作“每一个”讲,但every只能作定语;each既可作定语,还可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分。both和all作主语(代替可数名词),谓语动词应用复数。
3.A
4.C.代词作宾语应用标本宾格,us是we的宾格。
5.D.other意为“别的、其它的”,可修饰单数名词,也可修饰复数名词。others表示“别人”或“
别的事物”,是泛指的复数概念。the other是特指的“其余的(人或物)”。another是泛指的“另一个(人或物)。”
6.B.She在句中作主语,故用主格,her作物主代词。
7.A.
8.C.代词作宾语应用宾格。
9.C.此处的either可换用each; both后修饰复数名词。
10.D.后一个分句说“没有用”,当然是“两个都不喜欢。”
11.C.前一句说“她们都累了”,后一句说“他们都不愿停下来休息”,故填none.
12.A.“人多(many)”故然“噪音大(much)”。
13.A.each可作主语,而every不能,故第一空填each。every 和each 都不可作定语,但every强调全体,而each强调“个体”,故第二空填every。
14.A.前一句说“让大家靠近些”。后一句是说希望大家谁也不要掉队,故用none。
15.A.前一空填little,表示“水很少”.第二空填a few,修饰可数名词 glasses,注意quite a few的意思是“好几个”。
二.选词填空
anything,everything, nothing everyone no one
Dear Bill,
How was your vacation? Did you do _______interesting? Did ________in the family go with you? I went to a friend’s farm in the countryside with my family.__________was great. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs. They were so cute! The only problem was that there was ____________much to do in the evening but read. Still __________seemed to be bored. Bye for now.
相关文档
- 人教新目标版英语八上Unit 1《Wher2021-10-127页
- 初二英语不规则动词表2021-10-124页
- 人教新目标版英语八上Unit 2《How 2021-10-124页
- 人教版八年级英语上册期末复习课件2021-10-12114页
- 八年级英语上册Unit6Imgoingtos件2021-10-127页
- 人教版新目标八年级英语上册期中测2021-10-1291页
- 新版人教新目标英语八年级上Unit12021-10-1235页
- 外研版英语八年级上册Module6 Uni2021-10-126页
- 人教版英语八年级上unit7单元全套2021-10-12222页
- 《同步课时卷》人教pep版八年级英2021-10-125页