八年级下英语课件《What＇s the matter》 (5)_人教新课标 67页

• 情态动词有一定的意义 • 无人称和数的变化 • 通常不带to • 表示说话人的语气或情绪 1.Ability (能力): Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds. can/could: 1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或 者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请 求和允许 。 Learning English _____ be difficult.can Man can not live without air. _______ I use your bike?Can can/could: 2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请 求，语气较委婉。 — ____I have the television on? — Yes, you _____. / No, you _____ Could He asks if he ____ smoke here.could can/may can’t/I’m afraid not can/could: 3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主 要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） He’s such a nice person that he ______ commit the crime. can’t 你怎么会如此地粗心！ How can you be so careless! Can this be true? can/could: 4. can never/can’t……too表示 “无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越 好” 。 你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。 You can’t be too careful while crossing the road. can/be able to区别: Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able to. Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换) ? If not, why? Sum up 1. can 和 be able to 1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于 现在时和过去时。 2) be able to可以用于各种时态。 只用be able to的情况： a. 位于助动词后。 　b. 情态动词后。 　c. 表示过去成功地做了某事时,只能用 was/ were able to,不能用could。 can/be able to区别: 1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone __________ run out of the building. was able to 2. She _____ speak both English and French. can 1. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to 2. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to D A 3.(2007福建) My MP4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ___I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would A 4. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will B 5. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may A 6. Mike ___ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may B 7. — I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. — It ____ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be C I’m so tired! I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day! 2.Obligation (义务): …yet he must work hard to win the gold medal. Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle race… advisability necessity ought to/should have to must Your mother brings you up and takes good care of you, so when she is old, you ___ look after her in return. A. can B. may C. have to D. must Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games. Although the chance of winning a medal is small, I’ll try my best! 3.Certainty (可能性) : very uncertain almost certain might should mustmay could ought to will 1.He _____ be at home. 2.He _____ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago. A.may B.might C.must A.may B.might C.must (can) 1. must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”， 不能用于否定句或疑问句。 This must be your pen. He must be doing his homework now. He must have arrived already. must 2. 表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事） 如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。 If you must leave, do it quietly. 4.Permission (允许): May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal? may/might: 1. 表示许可。表示请求、允许时， might比may的语气更委婉一些。 — Might/May I use your computer? — Yes, you can. /No, you can’t/mustn’t. may/might: 2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句， 疑问句则要用can或could）。 祝你成功！ May you succeed. He may be very busy now. May you be happy all your life. 2) 成语:may/might as well,后面接 不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。 e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try. 5.Making requests (提出要求): Can you help me with my training? I don’t know how to use this equipment! will can could would informal formal 6.Making suggestions (提出建议): Shall we do the training in the morning? It’s too hot to take exercise in the afternoon. shall: 1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问 句中，表示说话人征求对方的意 见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you? shall: 2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示 说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺 或威胁。 You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。 He shall have the book when I finish it. 警告 威胁 允诺 7.Making offers (提供帮助): Don’t worry, dear, I will wash them right away. Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I don’t have time…… will/would: 1. 表示请求、建议等，would比 will委婉客气。 sentence pattern Would you please… Would you mind… Would rather… Would you like… will/would: 2.表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、 总是”。 1).The old man _____have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. would 2).门就是打不开 ! The door won’t open. will/would: I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch. Question: Is this sentence correct? Why? 情态动词 表示 “意愿” 8.Giving advice (提出意见): You should not/ought not to eat so much before running. How deliciou s!!! should: 1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令， 其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中， 通常用should代替ought…to。 Should I open the window? 我们应当要相互学习。 We should learn from each other. ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定 句表示“不该做某事而做了”。 You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。) 注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 should: 2.情态动词should用于第一人称时 可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客 气、委婉的语气。 Rose—Sure. By the way, who is your idol? Jack—Liu Xiang, I should say. I should advise you not to do that again. 3. should表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “居然，竟然”。 I can’t believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人 如此无礼。 should: 4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻 辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想 必” should: • ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need 3. have to和must 1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表 示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上 的看法, 即主观上的必要。 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而 must 只有一种形式。但must 可用 于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 3) 在否定结构中：don’t have to 表示“不必”;mustn’t 表示”禁 止”。 You don’t have to tell him about it.　 You mustn’t tell him about it.　　needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to ) can’t 不能; 不可能 may not 可能不 shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to ) 8. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 9. Johnny, you _____play with the knife, you _____hurt yourself. A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t C B 10.（NMET 2006 浙江 19） --- Could I have a word with you, mum? --- Oh dear, if you _____. • A. can B. must • C. may D. should B used to / would used to表达存在于过去 但现在不再存在的一种习惯 或情况。 Jack used to live in Chicago. Used to表达过去存在的某 种情况时，would不能替 代它。 I used to live in California. They used to have a Ford. would可以用于表达过去定期 重复的一个动作。 表达这个概念时，would 和 used to 相同。 When I was a child, my father would / used to read me a story at night before bed. 9. need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情 态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能 用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式 必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to时常可以被省略。 1) 实义动词: need+ n. / to do sth. 2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加 do,否定形式为need not. e.g. ---- Need you go yet? ---- Yes, I must. / No, I needn't. 3) need, want, require, worth(形容词) 后面接doing也可以表示被动。 need doing = need to be done 四. 可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形) 行为动词 need dare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于： *否定句及疑问句中; *在if/whether之后; *或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t 的形式出现; 4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 1.fever 2.stomach 3.cough and sore throat 4.toothache 5.cut myself a.lie down and rest b.drink some hot tea with honey c.see a dentist and get an X-ray d.take your temperature e.put some medicine on it lie v.平躺 （lay,lain, lying ）lie down He is lying on the road. lie vi 撒谎；说谎（lied，lying） n. 谎言；假话 lay v.产卵；下蛋（laid，laid） X-ray n. X光 He hurt his leg just now, let him get a X-ray. ache 、sore和hurt 的区别： 1. ache 是一个名词后缀，如： toothache , headache ； 2 . sore形容词，修饰名词，指的是 身体某一部位的酸痛。如：sore back, sore throat 3. hurt动词，指“刺痛，使受伤 痛”。如：He hurts his leg.他伤了腿。 还可以说“His leg hurts.”他腿疼。 have a bad cold have a high fever 严重的感冒 发高烧 be in a fever 在发烧 一般情况下用have＋a＋n. 表示患了 某种疾病。 matter cn.毛病；麻烦事 What’s the matter （with sb.）? 用于询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了某种麻烦。 =What’s wrong with you? =What ‘s your trouble? matter vi. 要紧；有关系 主要用于否定句、疑问 句或条件句中。 eg: It doesn't matter. no matter 与who,what, where等连用，相当于 whoever，whatever，wherever等，可引导让步状语 从句。 eg：Don't speak loudly,no matter where you are. 1.too much相当于一个副词，修饰动词，放在 后面作状语，意为“太多”。 eg：Eating too much is bad for your health. 2.enough adj. 足够的；充足的。修饰名词时， 常放在前，有时也放在名词后。 eg：I have enough money. adv. 足够地；充足地，修饰adj./adv.或v.， 位置后置 eg:It is good enough for me. be+adj.+enough+to do不能足够。。。，不能做某 事 • I wonder if Jay will come to our school this weekend. • -----If he ______,we will be very excited. • if 是否，引导宾语从句 • if 如果，引导条件状语从句 主将从现 comes take breaks 休息 We take a break every forty-five minutes. without prep. =/= with 没有 I went to school with having breakfast. when 这时 I was taking a shower when the bell rang. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 When I came in , I saw some children playing in the garden. think twice 认真思考 You should think twice before you make this decision. to one’s surprise eg：To my surprise , the lazy boy helped his mother do the housework every day. agree with，agree to, agree on 的区分 agree with 接“人”或“意见” agree to 接“计划”或“建议” agree on 接“日期”或“条款” • He got off and asked the woman what happened. • get off 为“动词+副词”结构的短语，意为 “下车” • get on 登上（汽车、火车）+较大的交通工具 • get into 进入+较小的交通工具 • get out of 从。。。下来 • happen vi 发生 • 表示“某人或某物发生某事”时，用“Sth happens to sb./sth”来表达。 • 当happen作“碰巧”讲时，常用句型“Sb. happens to do sth.”和“It happens+that”从 句来表达 thanks to sb/sth 多亏 eg：Today ,thanks to the Internet , we can shop from home. thanks for 感谢 in time与on time in time 及时 on time 准时，指按计划做某事 She should cover the cut with the clean cloth. She shouldn’t eat candy any more. They should take some medicine. He should often exercise .