北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第五篇语法突破语法专题03代词课件 36页

语法专题（三） 代 词 第五篇　语法突破 考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一览表 词类 　　　数 人称　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours myself ourselv es 第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours yourself yoursel ves 词类 　　　数 人称　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 第三人称 she her they them her hers their theirs herself themsel veshe him his his himself it it its its itself 2. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法 (1)人称代词 ①人称代词的用法 ②几个人称代词并列时的顺序 【巧学妙记】 人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见; 单数二三一,复数一二三; 若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。 ③it的用法 (2)物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,只能用于名词前作定语,起形容词的作用。 ②名词性物主代词可单独使用,起名词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主 代词+名词。 (3)反身代词 ①用法:反身代词在句中作宾语或表语(不能单独作主语),表示和主语是同一(或 一些)人或事物;反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。 ②固定搭配 learn by oneself 自学 teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 dress oneself 自己穿衣 help oneself to 随便用/吃…… by oneself 独自 say to oneself 自言自语 考点二　指示代词 指示代词包括this, these, that和those 单数 复数 用法1 用法2 this (这个) these (这些) 指近处,如： This is my pen. 指代下文将要提到的事,如： Please remember this: time and tide wait for no man. that (那个) those (那些) 指远处,如： That's his book. 指代前面刚刚提过的事,如： Alice was ill. That was why she didn't come here. [注意] (1)打电话时,this指自己,that指对方。 This is Jim speaking. Who's that? 我是吉姆。您是哪位? (2)that可以代替物,但不能代替人。它既可代替单数可数名词,也可代替不可数 名词,其复数形式为those。 These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 这些箱子比桌上的那些重。 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本的多。 考点三　不定代词 1. 初中阶段常见的不定代词： some, any, many, much, each, every, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, both, all, no one, none, other, another, the other 不定代词 用法辨析 some 用于肯定句中;在表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问 句中,多用some any 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中;表示“任何”的意义,起强 调作用时,可用在肯定句中 2. 常用不定代词用法辨析 (1)some与any Some of the students can speak French, but any of them can speak Chinese. 一些学生会说法语,但他们中的任何一个人都会说汉语。 —Would you like some tea? 你想喝茶吗? —Yes, please. 好的。 (2)(a) few与(a) little 不定代词 用法辨析 (a) few 　修饰可数名词复数,few几乎没有, a few有一点儿 (a) little 　修饰不可数名词,little几乎没有, a little有一点儿 (3)many与much 不定代词 用法辨析 相同点 many 　修饰可数名词复数 many, much都可以和表示程度的副词so, too, how等连用,其构成的短语用法和 many, much的用法相同much 　修饰不可数名词 I have much work to do, and I don't have many friends here. 我有许多工作要做。在这里我没有很多朋友。 There are too many people in the places of interest on May Day, and as a result, there's too much waste. 五一劳动节,景区有很多人。结果,出现了很多垃圾。 (4)each与every 不定代词 用法辨析 相同点 each 强调个体,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;each可 构成“each of+名词/代词”结构 都表示“每个; 各个” every 强调整体,只能用作定语修饰单数可数名词;every 可以和not构成部分否定;表示“每隔;每一”用 “every+基数词+复数可数名词” Each/Every student is playing sports on the playground. Each of them does his best. 学生们正在操场上做运动。每个人都很努力。 Not every movie is interesting.= Every movie is not interesting. 不是每一部电影都有趣。 We go swimming every three days. 我们每隔三天游泳一次。 (5)both, all, either, neither与none 不定代词 用法辨析 相同点 both 表示“两者都”,常见搭配 both…and…,表示 “……和……都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 either, neither, both, all, none均 可加“of+名词/代词复数”; “either/neither +of+名词/代词 复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数 形式或复数形式均可; “both/all+of+名词/代词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; “none+of+名词/代词复数”作主 语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数 形式均可 all 表示“三者及三者以上都” either 表示“两者中任一”,either…or…表示“或 者……或者……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就 近一致”原则 neither 表示“两者都不”;neither…nor…表示“既 不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵 循“就近一致”原则 none 表示“三者及三者以上都不” (6)other, the other, others, the others与another 不定代词 意义 用法辨析 other 其他的 作定语,常与可数名词复数连用;但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your等时, 则可与可数名词单数连用 the other (两者中) 另一个 ①与one连用,常用结构为“one…, and the other…” ②作定语修饰可数名词复数时,表示 “其余全部的” others 其他的 人或物 ①others是other的复数形式,不能作定语,常用结构为 “some…others…” ②others=other+可数名词复数 不定代词 意义 用法辨析 the others 其余所有 的人或物 the others是the other的复数形式,相当于“the other +可数名词复数” another 另一个 指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,一般和可数 名词单数连用,用作形容词或代词 He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比他班上其他任何一个男孩都高。 I have two T-shirts. One is old, and the other is new. 我有两件T恤衫。一件是旧的,另一件是新的。 Where are the other boys? 其余的男孩们在哪里? Some have come. Others haven't arrived yet. 一些人来了。另一些人还没到。 There are twenty girls in the park. Some are playing volleyball. The others are playing games. 公园里有20个女孩。一些在打排球,其他的在做游戏。 I'm still hungry. I'd like another piece of cake. 我还饿。我想再吃一块蛋糕。 [注意] it, one, that作代词时的区别： (1)it指同类同物,即用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况。it可代替可数 名词单数或不可数名词。 She enjoys the story because it is very interesting. 她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。 (2)one 指同类异物,即用来避免重复可数名词单数。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物 中的一个,也可以代替人,其复数形式为ones, 其所有格形式为one's。 My sweater is very old. I'll buy a new one. 我的毛衣很旧了。我要买一件新的。 (3)that代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复,复数形式是those。 The weather in Shenyang is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天沈阳的天气比广州冷。 3. 复合不定代词 (1)构成：复合不定代词由some-, any-, every-, no-与-one, -body, -thing构 成。 (2)初中阶段常见的复合不定代词： some- any- no- every- -body somebody (某人) anybody (任何人) nobody (没有人) everybody (每人) -one someone (某人) anyone (任何人) no one (没有人) everyone (每人) -thing something (某事;某物) anything (任何事) nothing (没有什么) everything (每件事; 一切) (3)复合不定代词的用法: ①复合不定代词作主语时,都看作单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。 Someone is reading in the classroom. 有人正在教室里读书。 ②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要置于不定代词之后。 I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。 Is there anyone else in the room? 屋里还有其他人吗? ③由some-, any-所构成的复合不定代词之间的区别同some, any。 ④在表示请求、邀请、建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到肯定答复的疑 问句中,常用something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词;any-类复合 不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何……”之意。 —Would you like something to eat? 你要吃些东西吗? —Anything is OK. 什么都行。 ⑤当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anyone等时, 其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如 everything, anything, something, nothing等时,其反意疑问句的主语通常 用代词it。 考点四　疑问代词 1. 常见疑问代词及用法 疑问代词 用法 who “谁(主格)”,用于询问人,在句中作主语、宾语或表语 whom “谁(宾格)”,用于询问人,在句中作宾语 whose “谁的”,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语 what “什么”,用于询问事件、东西、职业等,在句中作主语、表语、宾语 或定语 which “哪一个”,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语、定语或宾语 2. what的习惯用法 what的习惯用法 意义 What's the population of+地点? ……的人口是多少? What's the price of+物品? ……的价格是多少? What's the size/height/weight/ length/ width/depth of…? ……的尺码/高度/重量/长度/宽度/深 度是多少? What's your address? 你的地址是哪里? What for? 用于询问原因或目的,相当于why 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 1. [2019·燕山期末]My father is a doctor. 　　　　works in a hospital far from our home. A. I B. She C. He D. They 2. [2019·大兴一模]The saleswoman is very kind, and 　　　　always works hard. A. she B. he C. it D. you 3. [2019·延庆一模]My grandparents live in the countryside. We often go to see 　　　　. A. him B. them C. her D. you C A B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 4. [2019·西城二模]—Father's Day is coming. Have you prepared something for Dad? —Yes. I'll give 　　　　a beautiful pen. A. me B. you C. him D. her 5. [2019·西城一模]I like watching table tennis matches and favourite player is Fan Zhendong. A. my B. your C. his D. her 6. [2019·通州一模]That boy is from England. 　　　　name is Tom. A. Her B. Your C. His D. Its C A C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 7. [2019·石景山一模]Jim is a very kind boy. We all like 　　　　. A. me B. him C. her D. you 8. [2019·门头沟二模]Mike and Ted are twins. 　　　　are from Australia. A. We B. You C. They D. Them 9. [2019·海淀期末]I saw Aunt Sue in town last week. 　　　　looked very well. A. You B. They C. He D. She B C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 10. [2019·朝阳一模]—Hi, Mike. Is this 　　　　storybook? —Oh, yes. It's a birthday gift from my uncle. A. my B. your C. his D. her 11. [2019·东城一模]—Andy, is this bike 　　　　? —Yes, my parents bought it for me as a birthday gift. A. his B. mine C. yours D. ours 12. [2019·海淀二模]This is my little sister. 　　　　name is Tina. A. His B. Her C. My D. Your B C B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 13. [2019·怀柔一模]—Is the woman your mother? —Yes. She teaches 　　　　English. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 14. [2019·顺义一模]—Is that your dictionary, Tom? —No. It's not 　　　　. I think it's Sam's. A. I B. me C. mine D. my 15. [2019·房山一模]Alex and Tom are brothers. 　　　　often help their father wash the car. A. I B. You C. We D. They B C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 16. [2019·海淀一模]Mr. White is very kind to others. We all like very much. A. me B. him C. her D. us 17. [2019·房山期末]—Is this your father's car? —No. 　　　　car is black. A. My B. His C. Her D. Your 18. [2019·石景山期末]David is my brother. 　　　　hobby is drawing. A. His B. Her C. Your D. Its B B A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 19. [2019·门头沟一模]Miss Smith is my English teacher. 　　　　is nice to all of us. A. He B. Him C. She D. Her 20. [2019·门头沟期末]Good books are like wise friends. 　　　　help us understand the world. A. It B. Its C. They D. Them 21. [2019·丰台一模]My brother and I like table tennis. I play with 　　　　twice a week. A. me B. them C. him D. us C C C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 22. [2019·丰台二模]I have a little sister. 　　　　name is Kina. A. His B. Her C. Its D. My 23. [2019·昌平二模]Dad's birthday is coming. Mum and I will make 　　　　a cake. A. her B. him C. you D. them 24. [2019·顺义二模]Lily is a very kind girl. We all love 　　　　. A. you B. him C. them D. her 25. [2019·石景山二模]—Is this book yours, Lily? —No, it's not 　　　　. A. hers B. his C. mine D. yours B B D C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 26. [2019·房山二模]Mary is my best friend. 　　　　often helps me when I'm in trouble. A. I B. She C. He D. You 27. [2019·朝阳二模]Mr. Black is very nice. We all like 　　　　. A. him B. her C. it D. them 28. [2019·顺义期末]—Are these books 　　　　, Dad? —Yes. I'm looking for them. Thank you. A. yours B. his C. hers D. theirs B A A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 29. [2019·东城二模]My mother is a teacher. She loves 　　　　job very much. A. his B. her C. our D. your 30. [2019·怀柔期末]Lucy and Ann are my classmates, and 　　　　often help me. A. them B. they C. their D. theirs B B