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河北专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题07动词及动词短语课件人教新目标版

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专题(七) 动词及动词短语 第二篇   语法专题突破 考点一 行为动词  行为动词分为及物动词( vt . )和不及物动词( vi . )两类 , 能独立作句子的谓语。 1. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。 (正) Yesterday I bought a book. (误) Yesterday I bought. 2. 不及物动词后面不跟宾语 , 句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语 , 则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词 , 构成动词短语。 She cried yesterday. 她昨天哭了。 Please listen to the teacher carefully. 请认真听老师讲课。 3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词。 ( 1 )延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态 , 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 , 如“ for+ 一段时间”、“ since+ 从句”、“ since+ 表示时间点的名词”等。 I have lived in Beijing for 13 years. 我在北京已经住了 13 年了。 I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 ( 2 )非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的 , 不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。 (误) I have bought the bike for three years. (正) I have had the bike for three years. 这辆自行车我买了三年了。 ( 3 )常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 非延续性→延续性 非延续性→延续性 leave → be away borrow → keep buy → have begin/start → be on die → be dead finish → be over become → be marry → be married put on → wear go out → be out open → be open 考点 二   系动词 系动词有 be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, become, get, turn, grow 等。系动词不能单独作谓语 , 必须与表语一起使用 , 构成“系表结构” , 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态。 类别 例词 例句 表示 状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher . 我 的父亲是一位老师。 She is very kind . 她 非常善良。 表示 持续的系动词 keep, remain, lie, stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy . 我 的爷爷奶奶每天早上锻炼来保持健康。 感官 系动词 look, sound, feel , smell,taste The milk tastes a little sour . 牛奶 尝起来有点酸。 The flowers look very beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。 表示 状态变化的系动词 become, get, turn, go, grow In spring, trees begin to turn green. 春天 , 树开始变绿了。 In summer, food goes bad easily. 夏天 , 食物容易变质。 考点 三  助动词 助动词主要有 be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, would, shall, should 等。助动词本身没有意义 , 不能单独作谓语 , 只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。 We are working hard in the garden. 我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。( be 动词构成现在进行时) He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。( doesn't 构成否定句) Do you live in Shanghai? 你住在上海吗 ? ( do 构成一般疑问句) Have you finished the work? 你完成工作了吗 ? ( have 构成现在完成时) The house was painted purple. 房子被刷成了紫色。( be 动词构成被动语态) I will call you this evening. 今晚我会打电话给你。( will 构成一般将来时) 考点 四   情态 动词 初中阶段学过的情态动词有 can/could, may/might, must, need, will/would, shall/should 。情态动词有一定的含义 , 但不能单独使用 , 须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化 , 其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加 not, 其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前 。 分类 用法 例句 can 与 be able to ① 两者都表示能力 , 意为“能够 ; 可以”。 be able to 可用于任何时态 ,can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时 ②can 和 could ( can 的过去式)还可以表示请求或推测 ③can't 可表示否定推测 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他们很快就能告诉你消息了。 — Could I have the television on? 我可以开着电视吗 ? (请求) — Yes, you can./No, you can't. 是的 , 你可以。 / 不 , 你不可以。 That can't be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测) 分类 用法 例句 may 与 might ① 两者都表示“可能 ; 可以 ; 请求 ; 许可” ,might 的语气较为委婉 ②might ( may 的过去式)有三种用法 : 表示过去式 ; 使语气更加委婉、客气 ; 表示的可能性更小 — May I use your pen? 我能用你的钢笔吗 ? — Yes, you may./No, you mustn't/can't. 是的 , 你可以。 / 不 , 你不可以。 Might I borrow some money now? 现在我可以借点钱吗 ? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。 (续表) 分类 用法 例句 have to 与 must ① 两者都表示“必须”。 must 表示说话人的主观意愿 ;have to 表示客观需要 ②must 可以表示肯定推测 , 意为“一定 , 准是” , 其否定形式为 mustn't, 意为“禁止 ; 不准 ; 不许” ③ 对 must 构成的一般疑问句进行回答时 , 肯定回答用“ Yes, … must. ” , 否定回答用“ No, … needn't. ”或“ No, … don't/doesn't have to. ” My brother was badly ill. I had to call the doctor. 我 弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。 The man must be our teacher. 那个人一定是我们的老师。 (推测) You mustn't drive after drinking. 你酒后一定不要驾车。 — Must I go home now? 我必须现在回家吗 ? — No, you needn't/don't have to. 不 , 你不必。 (续表) 分类 用法 例句 shall 与 should shall 常用于第一人称 , 表示提建议或请求 ;should 意为“应该” , 可用于各种人称 , 强调义务或责任 , 也可表示劝告或建议 Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗 ? (提建议) You should study hard at school. 你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告) will 与 would will 用于第二人称疑问句时 , 表示征求意见或提建议 ;would 为 will 的过去式 , 可用于多种人称 , 表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。 Would you like to go shopping with me? 你愿意和我去购物吗 ? (续表) 分类 用法 例句 need ①need 作情态动词时 , 表示“需要 ; 有必要” , 主要用于否定句和疑问句中 , 其否定形式为 needn't, 表示“没有必要 ; 不必” ; 对 need 构成的一般疑问句进行回答时 , 肯定回答用“ Yes, … must. ” , 否定回答用“ No, … needn't. ” ②need 还可以用作实义动词 , 常用于以下两种结构 :need to do sth. 需要做某事 ; need doing sth. 某事需要被做 She needn't go there right now. 她 现在没必要去那里。 — Need I come? 我需要来吗 ? — Yes, you must. 是的 , 你必须来。 I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。 My hair needs cutting. 我的头发该剪了。 (续表) 【归纳】 情态动词表推测的用法 : 1. 在肯定句中一般用 must (一定) ,may/might (可能) ,could (也许 ; 或许) , 其中 must 表推测的语气最强 , 其余依次减弱。 2. 在否定句中一般用 can't (不可能)。 3. 在疑问句中用 can/could (可能)。 — Can the red sweater be Tom's? 这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗 ? — No, it can't.He can't stand red. 不 , 不可能。他忍受不了红色。 考点 五  动词短语 1. 动词 + 副词 : 常见的有 take off, write down, hand in, fix up 等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词 , 既可放在副词前边 , 又可放在副词后边 ; 宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词 , 则要放在副词前边。 Hand in your homework. 把你的作业交上来。 2. 动词 + 介词 : 常见的有 ask for, care about, look for, look after, laugh at, hear of, lead to, wait for 等。 Don't laugh at the people who are in trouble. 不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。 3. 动词 + 名词 : 常见的有 have fun, play sports, take place 等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。 This story took place three years ago. 这个故事发生在三年前。 4. 动词 + 副词 + 介词 : 常见的有 look down upon, go on with, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of 等。 Study hard, and you will catch up with your classmates. 努力学习 , 你就会赶上你的同学。 5. 动词 + 名词 + 介词 : 常见的有 take care of, pay attention to 等。 She often takes care of her younger sister. 她经常照顾她的妹妹。 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.[2019 ·河北 ]On the first day of Chinese New Year, we      new clothes and visit people.  A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away 2.[2018 ·河北 ]Can you help me      the pen? It's under your chair.  A.ask for B.look for C.pick up D.put up 对接中考专练 B 根据“ On the first day of Chinese New Year ”可推知此处是“我们穿上新衣服去拜访人们”。 pick up 捡起 ;put on 穿上 ;take off 脱下 ;( 飞机 ) 起飞 ;throw away 扔掉。故选 B 。 C 3.[2017 ·河北 ]Grandfather lives with us. We all      him.  A.look at B.look for C.look after D.look like 4.[2016 ·河北 ]We need to do some research to      the answer.  A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out 5.[2015 ·河北 ]This food is free. You don't have to      it.  A.look for B.pay for C.ask for D.wait for 对接中考专练 C A B 6.[2014 ·河北 ]Steven, we should      the bus at the next stop.  A.get up B.get off C.get to D.get in 7.[2019 ·唐山路北区三模 ] — Sandy, you'd better      your notes before you do your homework every evening.  — OK, I will, Mum. A.look through B.look out C.look after D.look around 8.[2019 ·唐山开平区二模 ]Don't      the exam results on the wall. It's not good for students.  A.put up B.put out C.put on D.put away 对接中考专练 B A A 9.[2019 ·唐山丰南区二模 ]It is said that many famous stars will      in the New Year Concert.  A.make up B.clear up C.show up D.end up 10.[2019 ·秦皇岛海港区一模 ] — Manager, all the machines      just now.  — What? Call the engineer at once. A.put down B.turned down C.broke down D.came down 11.[2019 ·唐山路南区一模 ] — Alice's room is tidy,isn't it? — Yes. She always      her toys after playing with them.  A.looks for B.puts away C.sweeps away D.pays for 对接中考专练 C C B 12.[2019 ·石家庄质检 ]Good manners can make people      each other.  A.get off B.get over C.get away D.get on well with 13.[2019 ·石家庄桥西区质检 ]They have to      the concert because the singer is ill.  A.put out B.fall off C.put off D.turn off 14.[2019 ·唐山路南区一模 ] — Must I go home now? — No, you      .  A.mustn't B.needn't C.shouldn't D.can't 对接中考专练 D C B 15.[2019 ·唐山丰南区二模 ]Be confident, everyone. We      finish the difficult task on time without others' help.  A.can B.need C.must D.should 16.[2019 ·唐山二模 ] — Listen! Lucy is singing in the classroom. — It      be her. She's gone to the library.  A.must B.can't C.mustn't D.should 17.[2019 ·邢台二模 ]You      cross the road when the traffic lights are red.  A.needn't B.don't have to C.mustn't D.may not 对接中考专练 A B C 18.[2019 ·邯郸二模 ]Another new book written by my favorite writer will      next month.  A.come out B.come up C.come on D.come over 19.[2019 ·邯郸一模 ]The girl didn't turn on the TV until her father      his head to agree.  A.kicked B.nodded C.bowed D.pulled 20.[2019 ·保定一模 ] — Does this photo      anything?  — Yes, it can help us find the right person. A.choose B.own C.show D.make 对接中考专练 A B C Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child's       ( develop ) .   2.Thomas Edison is one of the greatest      ( invent ) in the world.  3.Being tall gives him an advantage over the other basketball      ( play ) .  4.Mr. Green is so serious that he always thinks carefully before making a      ( decide ) .   5.Good       ( begin ) makes a good ending.  对接中考专练 development inventors players decision beginning