备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点29 阅读理解之说明文 （教师版） 42页

考点 29 阅读理解之说明文 ＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事 物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文 那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐 明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特 点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔 人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、 自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性 的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构 特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即 who → what → when → where → how → why。 1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when 和 where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的 wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 A Have you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping（形成模式化观念）. A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not. One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing（i.e. thinking）we have to do when we meet a new person. Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true. When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls. Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that "Men are better drivers than women"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors. 30. The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________. A. boys and girls prefer different toys B. boys and girls are treated unfairly C. people sometimes mix children's likes D. people have fixed ideas on things 31. Which of the following stereotypes is useful? A. Making friends by his appearance. B. Boys do better in science than girls. C. Youth easily do unreasonable things. D. Red signs on the road warn us of danger. 32. The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________. A. fail to notice B. fail to trust C. fail to search D. fail to face 33. What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping? A. Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides. B. It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations. C. Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard. D. Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes. 【答案】30. D 31. D 32. A 33. A 【解析】模式化观念就是我们把人们放在某一个群体里，产生固有印象。模式化观念既有优点，也有缺点。 优点是它能使我们迅速处理各种情况，简化社会世界；缺点是它会让我们忽视每个个体之间的差异。 【30 题详解】 推理判断题。根据短文第一段的内容可知，作者先从生活中的事例出发，目的是给读者引出模式化观念这 一概念，然后对它进行具体的介绍。D 选项符合文意，故选 D。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，模式化观念的一个优点是使我们根据以前的相似 经历，快速处理各种情况。结合生活常识可知，红色会起到警告的作用，D 选项符合文意，故选 D。A、B 和 C 三项都是模式化观念产生的不好的影响。 【32 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据语境“It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.”“它使我们……每个个体之间的差异，认为一 个群体里所有人都是一样的”，由此可猜测 ignore 意为“忽视”，即“没能注意到……”，故选 A。 【33 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，这里介绍了模式化观念的优点；再根据第 四段“Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes.”可知，模式化观念也有缺点。A 选项“每 个硬币都有两面”符合文意，故选 A。B 和 C 两个选项太片面；D 选项不符合文意。 B South China Mall Shopping Coupons(优惠券） Six Hours free parking If you spend ￥100 or more in our stores, you will receive six hours of free parking. Take this coupon to the service desk on the fourth floor to stamp(盖章)! Buy one, get one free Buy one shirt or tie at Daniel's Menswear, and get another shirt or tie of the same value free. Hurry! Offer ends November 14.Offer limited to one per customer. Win a ￥1,000 CD Collection Win your choice of ￥1,000 worth of CDs from DJ Music Store. Just buy any two CDs and your name will go into the competition. Choose your own prize from our many kinds of rock, pop, jazz, and classical music. 10% Off Show this coupon at the Book Store to get a 10% off on any books you buy. We have lots of books to choose from, including children's books, novels and travel guides. You're sure to find something that you will enjoy. Free soft drink Buy any meal for at least ￥50 at Mike's Cafe, and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best hamburgers and snacks in the mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. You won't be disappointed! Half-price movie tickets Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesday or Wednesday, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only a half price. The latest movies are all here. 21. If you spend ￥100 or more in the store, you can get ______. A. a free shirt B. a free stamp C. a free book D. a coupon of free parking 22. If you go to the Book Store, you can choose ______. A. shirts B. meals C. Children's books D. movie tickets 23. Linda wants to have a free soft drink, she can go to ______. A. Mike's Cafe B. Daniel's Menswear C. the Books Store D. DJ Music Store 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了华南购物广场优惠券的一些信息和情况。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 1 大段“If you spend ￥100 or more in our stores, you will receive six hours of free parking.”如果你消费 100 元以上在我们商店，你能享受 6 个小时的免费停车。可知，故选 D。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 4 大段“We have lots of books to choose from, including children's books, novels and travel guides.”我们有很多书籍可以选择，包括儿童书，小说和旅游指南。可知，故选 C。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 5 大段“Buy any meal for at least ￥50 at Mike's Cafe, and receive a free soft drink.”在 Mike's Café可以享受免费的不含酒精的饮料。可知，故选 A。 C You Are What You Eat Genetic (基因的) engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a living thing. It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from a living thing’s chromosomes(染色体), improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original living thing, or a completely different living things. Unlike traditional breeding (繁殖), where a desired quality would be bred within the same kind of living things, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into living things of different kinds. Wow did you catch that? Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture. For example, by genetically engineered (GE) foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased. Improved taste, shelf life, and better transport are all possible. Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance（抵抗力）, therefore, making the food safe for the consumers. But some argue that the possible negative effects outweigh the positives, and critics are starting to voice their worries. Unlike Europe, in the United States labeling（贴标签）is not required on genetically engineered foods or on foods that contain genetically engineered products. Most Americans do not realize that they are, in fact, eating GE foods. The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks. With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects. Because most genes introduced into GE plants come from sources not introduced into the human body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions. Moreover, due to the lack of labeling, if allergies（过敏）develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them. There is also a major moral question in many minds. For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary. We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving. So GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger. Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that produce it. Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk. 27. According to the passage, traditional breeding is different from genetic engineering because________. A. traditional breeding changes the genes in the same kind of living things B. traditional breeding takes place within the same kind of living things C. traditional breeding is more scientific D. traditional breeding changes the genes in different kinds of living things 28. According to Paragraph 5, GE food is unnecessary because ________. A. customers will benefit from GE food B. we’re now producing more food than before C. it won’t help solve the problem of hunger in the world D. there are obvious dangers in producing GE food 29. What is the writer’s writing purpose? A. To introduce genetic engineering’s positive contributions to agriculture. B. To welcome genetic engineering and GE food. C. To discuss the differences between GE food and other food. D. To tell people to keep GE food off before their influence on us is clear. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. D 【解析】本文主要介绍了基因工程技术。基因工程可以将所需的生物转化为不同物种的生物，它为农业做 出了巨大的贡献。而转基因食品是不必要的，因为它不会帮助解决世界上的饥饿问题，并且还可能存在一 些隐患。 【27 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 Unlike traditional breeding (繁殖), where a desired quality would be bred within the same kind of living things.与传统育种不同，在传统繁殖中，期望的品质将在同一种生物中培育。可知选项 B 叙述 的和原文一致，故选 B。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中的句子 We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving.可知 GE food 还不能解决世界饥饿问题。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的句子 I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk.作者说，GE food 好处是惊人的，但是在我们确定这些食物 会对我们产生什么影响之前，它们不值得冒这个险。可知作者是在告诉人们在转基因食品对我们的影响变 得明显之前不要食用。故选 D。 D Round eyes, round head, round ears, round body! What is this lovely little animal? He looks like a bear. But he is not a bear. He’s a KOALA. People in Australia love koalas and take care of them. They have set up places for them to live safely. No one can kill them for their pretty fur. When a koala is born, he has no fur. And he is not as big as your little toe！The mother koala has a pocket in the front of her body. The baby goes into this warm pocket. There he stays for six months. When the baby leaves the pocket, he has much fur. And he is about as big as your shoe. He climbs to his mother’s back. He rides there while she teaches him how to find food. Mrs. Koala is a loving mother. She takes good care of her baby. But when he is bad, she beats him! The baby cries just as a small child does. If he keeps on crying, his mother beats him again. When he stops crying, she takes him in her arms. And then they both go to sleep for a while. The koala could not live without a special kind of tree. The tree gives him both his home and his food. For most of the day, the koala sleeps in the tree. At night, the koala looks for food. He may go miles to find it. He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree. He eats nothing else. And he eats more than two pounds each night! It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia. We should protect the environment and care more about wildlife, and then we will see the smiling faces of lovely koalas again, 59. People in Australia_________. A. set up places for koalas to live safely B. put koalas in the tree C. raise baby koalas in their pockets D. keep koalas in their homes 60. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree because_________. A. they have to keep cool under the tree B. they eat the fruit on the tree C. they live in the tree and get food from it D. they stay in the tree all the time 61. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. Koalas only live in Australia and we should protect them. B. Australians look after koalas at home and give them enough food. C. Thousands of koalas hid themselves safely in the bush fires months ago. D. There are no differences between our food and koalas’ food. 【答案】59. A 60. C 61. A 【解析】本文主要介绍了考拉的一些生活习性。 【59 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 2 大段“They have set up places for them to live safely.”他们为它们搭建安全居住的地方。 可知，故选 A。 【60 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 4 大段“The tree gives him both his home and his food.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考拉 不仅能住在这种树上也能在树上得到食物。故选 C。 【61 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第 2 大段“They have set up places for them to live safely.”澳大利亚人为它们搭建安全居住 的地方,再根据第 6 大段“It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia. We should protect the environment and care more about wildlife,”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火 死了，我们应该保护自然和野生动物。根据常识可知，考拉只生活在澳大利亚，我们应该保护它们是正确 的，故 A 正确；根据第 4 大段“The tree gives him both his home and his food.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考 拉住在树上而不是家里，故 B 错误；根据第 6 大段“It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia.”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火死了，可知，不是藏起来了，故 C 错误；根据第 5 大段“He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree.”他只喜欢树皮和树叶，可知，考 拉的食物和我们的食物有很大的差别，故 D 错误。故选 A。 E Doctor Seuss was born in 1904. By the middle 1950s, he had become one of the best-loved and most successful children's book writers in the world. His books are very popular with young readers. They enjoy the invented words and the pictures of unusual funny animals and plants. In 1954, life magazine published a report about school children who could not read. The report said many children's books were not interesting. Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish. He did not receive training in art. Yet, he drew the pictures for most of his books. In 1957, Dr. Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat. He used less than 230 words to write the book and even a six-year-old should be able to read it. It was a fun story and easy to read. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today it is still one of the stories they like best. The success of The Cat in the Hat made him want to write more books for children. In 1960, he wrote a book using less than fifty words. The book is called Green Eggs and Ham. In 1984, Doctor Seuss won a Pulitzer Prize (普利策奖). He was honored for the education and enjoyment his books provided American children and their parents. He died at the age of 87, but his influence remains. Millions of his books have been sold worldwide. People say his books helped change the way American children learned to read. Yet, his books are loved by people of all ages. Doctor Seuss once said, "I do not write for children. I write for people." 65. Doctor Seuss learned from the magazine that _________. A. some school children could not read B. many children's books were interesting C. children wanted to learn to read D. a writer for children was wanted 66. Doctor Seuss_________ to make his book interesting and easy to read. A. sold his books in large outdoor theme parks B. used words with the same ending sound and drew pictures C. sold his books with some free toys to the children D. used as many simple words and sentences as possible 67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Doctor Seuss wrote books only for children in the United States. B. Doctor Seuss wrote Green Eggs and Ham with more than 230 words. C. The Cat in the Hat was written only for six-year-old children. D. His books provided education and enjoyment for children and parents. 68. From the text we know that Doctor Seuss_________. A. won a Pulitzer Prize soon after his death B. sold millions of his books himself worldwide C. changed American children's way of reading D. wrote the largest number of books in the world 【答案】65. A 66. B 67. D 68. C 【解析】本文介绍了苏斯博士的生平以及他的书。人们喜欢他的书，是因为他的书有趣而且浅显易读。他 之所以受到尊敬是因为他的书给美国的孩子们和他们的父母带来了教育和快乐。他的书在世界各地销售。 人们说他的书改变了孩子们读书的方法。 【65 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 In 1954, life magazine published a report about school children who could not read.可知 Doctor Seuss 从杂志得知孩子不能读这件事，故选 A。 【66 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish.可知，苏斯博士强烈希 望能帮助孩子们，并决定写一些有趣、易读的书。他用了同样结尾音的词，像鱼和愿望。故选 B。 【67 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 Millions of his books have been sold worldwide.可知，他的书在全世界都有销售，不仅 仅是为美国孩子而写的，A 选项错误；根据文中 In 1960, he wrote a book using less than fifty words. The book is called Green Eggs and Ham.可知《绿鸡蛋和火腿》这本书不到 50 词，B 选项错误；C 选项文中并未提到；根 据文中 Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish.他的书为美国儿童和他们的父母提供了教育 和享受，他为此而感到荣幸。D 选项正确，故选 D。 【68 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解及文中 People say his books helped change the way American children learned to read 可知 Doctor Seuss 改变了美国孩子学习阅读的方式，故选 C。 F Has anyone ever told you that eating carrots will help you see in the dark? This is just one of many incorrect beliefs you may have heard. Below, TEENS has picked out scientific explanations for three mistakes that people make about their eyes. Let's take a look. Can eating carrots improve your eyesight? Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which helps the eyes to turn light into information for your brain. This allows people to see in darker places. However, eating more carrots won't help you see better. A certain minimum amount will help, but a large number of carrots will not give you superhuman vision. If your parents have bad eyesight, will you have bad eyesight, too? Myopia( 近 视 ) can be passed from parents to children. A study by the American Optometric Association found that if both parents are myopic, there's a 33 to 60 percent chance that their child will be. For children who have one parent with myopia, the chance is 23 to 40 percent, and it's down to 6 to 15 percent for kids with non-myopic parents. So if your eyesight is bad, your children might still have good vision. Do color blind people see the world in black and white? Color blindness doesn't usually mean that people see the world like an old movie. They usually can't tell certain colors apart, especially green and red. Another commonly confused pair of colors is yellow and blue. Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light. If these cells don't work properly, color blindness occurs. There are different levels of color blindness. Some people are only color blind in low light. However, in the most serious form of color blindness, everything is shades of gray. 26. According to the article, eating carrots________. A. stops the brain from seeing B. doesn't help you see better at all C. will help you see clearly in the dark D. is good for your eyes to some degree 27. If both parents have myopia, their child's chance of having good eyesight is________. A. 40-67% B. 33-60% C. 23-40% D. 6-15% 28. The underline word“occurs”in this passage probably means________. A. 恶化 B. 发生 C. 改善 D. 加深 29. What is the cause of color blindness according to the text? A. Watching movies for too long . B. Getting too little exercise. C. Cone cells not working properly. D. Changes in the wavelength of light. 30. What is the purpose of the article? A. To offer some advice on protecting your eyes. B. To clear up some misunderstandings about our eyes. C. To provide help for improving your vision. D. To explain how bad eyesight and color blindness form. 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释， 消除一些关于人们眼睛的误解。 【26 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中第二段 Can eating carrots improve your eyesight? 里的内容“Carrots …which helps the eyes to turn light into information for your brain. This allows people to see in darker places. However, eating more carrots won't help you see better.”可知胡萝卜富能帮助眼睛将光线转化为大脑的信息。这使得人们可以 在黑暗的地方看到东西。然而，多吃胡萝卜并不能帮助你看得更好。也就是说吃胡萝卜在某种程度上对眼 睛有好处。故选 D。 【27 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中第三段 If your parents have bad eyesight, will you have bad eyesight, too? 里的内容 “…both parents are myopic, there's a 33 to 60 percent chance that their child will be.”可知如果父母都是近视 眼，他们的孩子有 33%到 60%的几率近视。那么他们的孩子有 40%到 67%的几率拥有好的视力。故选 A。 【28 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文中第四段 Do color blind people see the world in black and white?中“Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light.”可知我们的眼睛有锥形细胞，可以感知不同波长的 光。“ If these cells don't work properly…”如果这些细胞不能正常运转，那么色盲就会发生。所以“occurs” 是发生的含义。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light. If these cells don't work properly, color blindness occurs.”可知视锥细胞如果不能正常运转，就会导致产生色 盲。故选 C。 【30 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“TEENS has picked out scientific explanations for three mistakes that people make about their eyes. Let's take a look.”可知青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释。让我们看 看。故选 B。 G From video games and museums to medical training, VR（virtual reality, 虚拟现实）has been changing our lives for the better. However, this wonderful new technology has a so-far unsolvable problem: It may make people feel sick from the VR experience. The feeling of sickness, caused by VR, is called cybersickness. "With modern VR systems, the possibility of cybersickness after only 15 minutes' experience is from 40 to 70 percent," Thomas Stoffiregen, a researcher at the University of Minnesota, US said. This sickness is probably caused by sensory conflict （感觉冲突），explained Stoffregen. When you are wearing a VR headset, your body's motion sensors cannot match the information received by your eyes. For example, when we wear a VR headset and ride a virtual roller-coaster, we think we are going up and down, but our bodies stay still. It leads to the loss of balance. Sickness is from our bodies' natural reaction to the experience. Adding to this problem, women are more likely to feel sick from the VR experience than men. According to a study by Bas Rokers, a scientist at the University of Wiscons in-Madison, US, one reason could be the headsets. To work properly, VR headsets must match up with your PD （pupil distance, 瞳距）. Since they are designed larger PD, not everyone gets the best experience. Rokers found the larger PD distance is, the greater discomfort will cause. Based on his studies, about 90 percent of women have a shorter PD than the headset is made and that's the reason why women are more likely to have cybersickness. Cybersickness prevents the widespread use of VR technology. Once it becomes comfortable and easy to use, however, it could play a great role in our lives. 8. Which is Right about cybersickness? A. It's a common problem with VR technology. B. It is caused by one's poor sense of direction. C. It's more possible for young people to feel sick. D. It only happens to women and children. 9. The example of riding a virtual roller-coaster is used to _________. A. tell what it is like to have cybersickness B. explain how cybersickness is caused C. tell people how to avoid cybersickness D. show how cybersickness influences people 10. Why are women more likely to have cybersickness? A. They have a poor sense of direction. B. VR headsets are only made for men. C. VR headsets are too large for their PDs. D. They are easy to lose balance. 11. What does the writer think of the VR technology? A. The VR technology has already played a great role in our lives. B. There is still something to do before VR technology plays a great role. C. The VR technology is comfortable and easy to use for everyone. D. It's impossible for VR technology to be popular in the future. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述虚拟现实技术在发挥重要作用之前有问题需要解决，那就是网络 病，并介绍了网络病产生的原因。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“this wonderful new technology has a so-far unsolvable problem: It may make people feel sick from the VR experience. The feeling of sickness, caused by VR, is called cybersickness”这个新技术有难 以解决的问题就是网络病，可知 A 选项表述正确。根据第二段“is probably caused by sensory conflict ”可知 B 选项表述错误。根据第三段“women are more likely to have cybersickness”可知 C 选项表述错误。根据第二段 “ women are more likely to feel sick from the VR experience than men”可知 D 选项表述错误。故选 A。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When you are wearing a VR headset, your body's motion sensors cannot match the information received by your eyes. For example, when we wear a VR headset and ride a virtual roller-coaster, we think we are going up and down, but our bodies stay still. It leads to the loss of balance. Sickness is from our bodies' natural reaction to the experience. ”可知举例在解释网络病是怎样引起的。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“To work properly, VR headsets must match up with your PD （pupil distance, 瞳距）. Since they are designed larger PD, not everyone gets the best experience. Rokers found the larger PD distance is, the greater discomfort will cause. Based on his studies, about 90 percent of women have a shorter PD than the headset is made and that's the reason why women are more likely to have cybersickness.”可知女性更有可能有电 脑病是因为 VR 眼镜对她们的 瞳距来说太大。故选 C。 【11 题详解】 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Cybersickness prevents the widespread use of VR technology. Once it becomes comfortable and easy to use, however, it could play a great role in our lives.络病阻碍了 VR 技术的扩散，一旦它 变得舒服和容易使用，它将在我们生活中发挥重要作用。可知作者觉得在 VR 技术发挥重要作用之前仍然有 问题急需解决。故选 B。 A 【2020 •广东省】 Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred. Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans. To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland. However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP. Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world. 26. MEP was started to ________. A. raise more elephants in Mali B. stop the main lake from drying up C. discover water source for elephants D. protect the elephants’ living environment 27. What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A. 公平的 B. 亏损的 C. 非法的 D. 合理的 28. Eighty-three elephants were lost ________. A. in 2012 B. in 2015 C. in 2016 D. in 2020 29. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________. A. the number of organizations has dropped B. there is much less elephant poaching now C. the local people keep the elephants at home D. the whole world live peacefully with elephants 30. This passage is mainly about ________. A. the rules of using land and water B. the education of the local people C. the work of Mali Elephant Project D. the situation of Gourma Desert elephants 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了马里大象项目(MEP)保护大象的举措和努力。 26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007”可知是为了保护大象的居住环境，成立了马里大象项目，故选 D。 27,.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016”可知 illegal 表达的是贬义，既然是偷猎，那就是违法的，此处指的是“非法的，违法的”。 故选 C。 28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone”可知 2015 年失去 83 头 大象，故选 B。 29.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world”可知 A 选项“has dropped”表述错误；B 选项表述正确，大象偷猎减少了很多；C 选项“keep the elephants at home”表述错误；D 选项“the whole world”表述错误。故选 B。 30.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马里大象 Gourma elephants 的现状以及保护措施等等，主旨 大意可概括为 the situation of Gourma Desert elephants。故选 D。 B【2020 •黔南州】 Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies. Be Kind Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy. Ask for help When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to achieve your dream. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 31. Why are our parents important persons for us? A. They teach us first in class. B. They love us sometimes. C. They always give us a hand. D. They are happy all the time. 32. How many suggestions does the writer give us in the text? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 33. How do you have fun with your parents? A. Read a book together. B. Help with housework. C. Tell them funny things. D. Go outside together. 34. What should you do if you have a problem? A. Listen to your teachers. B. Ask your parents for help. C. Turn to your friends around. D. Try to be the best of yourself. 35. The best title for this ad is __________. A. How to Love and Teach Kids B. How to Talk with Your Parents C. How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D. How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子应如何与父母和睦相处的一些方法。 31.C【解析】题意：为什么我们的父母对我们来说很重要？细节理解题。根据原文 They love us and help us all the time 可知，他们会一直帮助我们。C 选项 They always give us a hand“他们总是会帮助我们”符合题意，故 选 C。 32.B【解析】题意：作者在文中给了我们多少条建议？细节理解题。根据原文 Have fun together、Be Kind、 Ask for help、Have a try 可知，文中给出了 4 条建议，故选 B。 33.D【解析】题意：和父母在一起时，怎样玩得开心？细节理解题。根据原文 Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies 可知，和父母在一起时，可以一起出去玩。D 选项 Go outside together“一起出去”符合题意，故选 D。 34.B【解析】题意：如果你有问题该怎么办？细节理解题。根据原文 When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice 可知，如果遇到了问题，可以去找父母求助。B 选项 Ask your parents for help“向你的父母求助”符合题意，故选 B。 35.C【解析】题意：这个广告最好的标题是________。最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了孩子应如何与 父母和睦相处的一些方法。C 选项 How to Keep Happy with Your Parents“如何与父母愉快相处”符合题意，故 选 C。 C【2020 •遵义市】 ①Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life. Sometimes it's easy to see. At other times, it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals (化学物质) in it. ②Chemistry helps to make products for use. Something as simple as toothpaste has at least three chemicals that keep your teeth clean. Other things in your daily life are created by chemistry, such as hair products and soap. Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes. ③Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can't be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas. ④Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. Cooking food causes it to go through a chemical change. That is the reason why cooked food often tastes different from uncooked food. Too much or too little of any chemical material makes a difference to the result of baking (烘焙). For example, the cake can be too soft or too hard. ⑤Chemistry isn't something that just lives in a laboratory; it's something that you meet hundreds of times in life. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life. 31. What can the chemistry in soap help us? A. To clean the teeth. B. To make the teeth strong. C. To clean the oil off clothes. D. To make the clothes new. 32. From the third paragraph, we know that ________. A. we can mix bleach with vinegar B. the mixture can produce useful gas C. we can't mix bleach with vinegar D. chemistry can't help us make products 33. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A. cooked food is much better than uncooked food B. chemistry plays a big role in food preparation C. there are no chemical changes while we are cooking D. the cake can't be too soft or too hard with chemistry 34. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1) A. B. C. D. 35. What's the main idea of the passage? A. Chemistry and food. B. Chemistry around the world. C. Chemistry and products. D. Chemistry in everyday life. 这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述化学物质无处不在；讲述化学物质的用途；知道化学的原理能够更好地理 解生活。 31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes.”可知肥皂里的化学物质可以帮助我们清洗衣服上的油渍。故选 C。 32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can't be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas”可知漂白剂和醋不能混合，因为会产生有害的气体。故选 C。 33.B【解析】段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation”可知这一段主要 讲述化学物质在食物准备上的重要作用。故选 B。 34.A【解析】文章结构题。文章的第一段主要讲述化学物质无处不在。第二段到第四段讲述化学物质的用 途，第五段总结化学物质是生活中常见的东西，知道化学的原理能够更好地理解生活。故选 A。 35.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述化学物质在日常生活中的用途和作用。可概括为 Chemistry in everyday life。故选 D。 D【2020 •海南省】 The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural（农业的）production. But solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives through cultural activities and special foods that go with each term. Great Heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6. During Great Heat, most parts of China enter the hottest season of the year. Here is something you should know about Great Heat. Great Heat is a season of harvesting（收割）. During this time, the sunshine, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall are good for the plants. But many natural disasters also happen. So, it's important to harvest and plant in time. Sending the Great Heat ship is a tradition in Taizhou. The ship is full of all kinds of meat. More than 50 fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they walk through the streets. The ship will finally be pulled out of the port and burned at sea. People believe that is a symbol of good harvests and health. Great Heat is a season with most crickets（蟋蟀）in the countryside. Cricket fighting is popular game for some people in China during this period. The custom dates back over 1,000 years ago. People in different places enjoy different food. For example, in southern Shandong, people would like to drink mutton soup. Grass jelly is very popular in Guangdong because there is a saying “Eating grass jelly in Great Heat will make you stay young.” 41. Ancient Chinese people created 24 solar terms to ________. A. keep a healthy life B. serve different food C. help farming 42. Great Heat lasts for ________days this year. A. 6 B. 16 C. 22 43. In Taizhou, people send the great Heat ship________. A. just for fun B. to get exercise C. with good wishes 44. According to the passage, ________. A. Great Heat is an important time to harvest and plant B. cricket fighting games are getting popular in China now C. people in Guangdong enjoy mutton soup during Great Heat 45. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A. B. C. 本文介绍了大暑是一年中重要的一个节气，是收获和种植的重要时间。不同地方在大暑期间有不同的活动。 41.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural（农业的）production.”可知，中国古人创造 24 节气是为了帮助农业。故选 C。 42.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“Great Heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6.”可知，今年大暑从 7 月 22 日开始，到 8 月 6 日结束，一共持续 16 天，故选 B。 43.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Sending the Great Heat ship is a tradition in Taizhou. People believe that is a symbol of good harvests and health.”可知，在台州，人们带着美好的祝愿送走大暑船。故选 C。 44.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Great Heat is a season of harvesting（收割） it's important to harvest and plant in time.”可知，大暑是收获和种植的重要时间，故选 A。 45.A【解析】篇章结构题。根据第 1 段介绍中国传统历法将一年分为 24 个节气。第 2 段介绍大暑是一年中 的第 12 个节气以及大暑的时间。第 3-6 段介绍人们在大暑期间的活动。因此本文分为三部分：第 1 段，第 2 段，第 3-6 段。故选 A。 E【2020 •吉林省】 China is famous for tea. Drinking tea is very popular in China and even around the world. It's said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, "the saint of tea", mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea. They are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea and scented (有香味的) tea. without fermentation (发酵), green tea keeps the original color of the tea. If the green tea is fermented before baking, it will be black tea. Oolong tea is partially (部分的) fermented. And if fragrant flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing the scented tea will be made. Tea is produced in many different areas in China. For example, Xi'an and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent for many different countries and places around China. It's believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Tea is good for people's health and plays an important role in Chinese social life. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 41. Who discovered tea as a drink first according to the passage? A. Shen Nong. B. Lu Yu. C. Hou Yi. D. Yu Gong. 42. How many kinds of Chinese tea are there according to different processing ways in general? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 43. What does the underlined word "fragrant" mean? A. 悦耳的 B. 难闻的 C. 难看的 D. 芳香的 44. Which is the right order to produce tea? ①Later, the tea is packed. ②When the leaves are ready they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. ③Then it is sent for many different countries and places around China. ④Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ④③①② D. ②④①③ 45. When did the tea trade from China to Western countries take place? A. During the 6th and 7th centuries. B. Around 1660. C. In the 19th century. D. In the 1990s. 这是一篇说明文，文章讲述中国茶叶的发现，茶叶的种类，茶叶的制作过程以及中国和其他国家的茶叶贸 易往来。 41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink”可知神农发现了茶。 故选 A。 42.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea”可知根据处理的过程的不同主要有四种茶。故选 C。 43.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing the scented tea will be made” 可知 fragrant 表示“有香味的”。故选 D。 44.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent for many different countries and places around China”可知顺序是 Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains .茶树种植在山上。 When the leaves are ready they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. 当茶叶成熟，人们用手摘茶 叶将其送去处理。Later, the tea is packed.然后茶叶被包装起来。Then it is sent for many different countries and places around China.然后送到很多不同的国家和地区。顺序为④②①③。故选 B。 45.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century”中国和西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在 19 世纪。故选 C。 F【2020 •江苏省淮安市】 Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning. Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep. Researchers from a charity say that using internet-connected devices(装置)in the evening can prevent children getting more rest. Moreover, they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time. ① . The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night. ② . The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys, and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. One girl aged 12 said, "I have been told that I am addicted(上瘾的)to the Internet, and prefer being online to being with other people." ③ . A girl of 13 told researchers, "I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away. I walk around the house with it even though its' not turned on. I just like being with it." Another girl added, "Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night." ④ . The charity, which was set up to promote(推动)iPads in the classroom, has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic(电子的)devices. 41. To get a good night's sleep, school pupils are asked to buy ________. A. iPads B. alarm clocks C. mobile phones D. electronic devices 42. The underlined words "invest in" in Paragraph(段落)2 mean ________. A. hand out B. hand in C. spend time on D. spend money on 43. It is better to put "A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices" in ________. A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 44. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. most pupils turn off their mobile phones in the evening B. using mobile phones can make children get more rest C. one-third of pupils get used to sleeping with mobile phones D. girls are more interested in using mobile phones than boys 45. What will be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Examples of boys. B. More information about the charity. C. The tips given to children. D. Instructions about electronic devices 这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述慈善机构的机构发现电子设备让孩子们睡眠更少，建议孩子们为了足够的 睡觉关掉手机或平板，买传统的闹钟来代替手机在早上叫醒他们。 41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning”可知学校的学生被要求买传统的闹钟。故选 B。 42.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“buy traditional alarm clocks”可知 invest in 表示花钱，相当于 spend money on。 故选 D。 43.A【解析】推理判断题。“A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices”大约 3000 的小学生的研究显示几乎一半感觉被电子设备控制。根据第三段“The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night”40%的小学生没有这些设备几乎不能友好相处，大约三分之二的 小学生晚上有用手机的习惯。可知此段讲述研究显示出的小学生使用手机的问题。故选 A。 44.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys”可知女孩比男 孩更有可能被手机吸引，故选 D。 45.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic devices”机构给了五条建议保护孩子们免受电子设备的影响。可推断下一段将讲述这些建议。故 选 C。 G【2020 •南通市】 Do you like Physics or Chemistry? Matter (物质) is always changing, either physically or chemically. If a material goes through a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, one kind of matter changes into another completely different kind of matter. For example, when we burn wood or cook fish, materials change. People use chemistry every day in the kitchen. The food we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many of the chemicals in food are necessary parts of a healthy diet. Much of the food we eat has been changed in some way from its original form. The changes that food undergoes may be chemical or physical. If a change does not affect the food’s chemical composition, we call it a physical change. For example, melted (溶解的) cheese has gone through a physical change. It gets softer when it is heated but it is still the same type of material. Any change that changes the chemicals in the food is a chemical change. Bread contains carbohydrates, which are chemicals made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When bread is baked (烘焙), the carbohydrates break down into black carbon and water. The carbon gives the bread a dark color and a crunchy texture (质地). The water goes into the air. To get a closer look at the chemistry of baking, let’s watch how a carrot cake is made. The main steps of baking any cake are mixing the ingredients (材料) and baking them together. In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Flour gives the cake structure. Sugar helps to make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter. Baking powder and baking soda make the cake rise. Next, the carrots may be added to the cake. These help give the carrot cake its flavor, texture, and color. The other ingredients in the carrot cake are oil and eggs. The oil makes the cake tender and moist. Eggs serve two purposes—the whites help the cake to rise, while the yolks (蛋黄) give it a creamy texture. All of these ingredients form a mixture. This mixture can be separated into its different components (成分) although it is very difficult. Once the cake mixture is formed, it’s poured into a cake pan and baked in an oven. The heat from the oven has caused chemical changes to take place. The cake is finished and the ingredients cannot be separated. 38. The material doesn’t change when we _______. A. melt ice cream B. burn paper C. bake apple pies D. cook beef 39. What’s the correct order of baking a carrot cake in the passage? a. Carrots, oil and eggs are added. b. The dry ingredients are mixed. c. The mixture is baked in an oven. d. Baking powder and soda make the cake rise. e. Preparing some dry ingredients. f. The heat from the oven causes chemical changes. g. The ingredients cannot be separated. h. The mixture is poured into a pan A. b-a-h-f-g B. b-h-c-d-f C. e-d-c-a-g D. e-c-a-g-d 40. After reading the passage, we know that ________. A. water and carbon can give the cake a dark color and a crunchy texture B. people can separate the mixture of eggs and oil into different components C. chemicals in different kinds of food that people eat are bad for their health D. sugar and salt can’t be put into the mixture to make a cake at the same time 41. The passage mainly helps us to _______. A. look at the steps of baking cakes closely B. learn how to make carrot cakes at home C. have a healthy diet with natural chemicals D. understand physical and chemical changes 这是一篇说明文，文章通过举例来告诉读者理解物理变化和化学变化。 38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“If a material goes through a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, one kind of matter changes into another completely different kind of matter. For example, when we burn wood or cook fish, materials change”及第二段“For example, melted cheese has gone through a physical change. It gets softer when it is heated but it is still the same type of material”可知溶解的冰淇 淋仍是相同的材料，没有发生变化。燃烧的纸、烹饪苹果派和烹饪牛排发生了物质的变化，故选 A。 39.A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first”， 最后一段 “Next, the carrots may be added to the cake” ，“The other ingredients in the carrot cake are oil and eggs” ，“Once the cake mixture is formed, it’s poured into a cake pan and baked in an oven” ，“The heat from the oven has caused chemical changes to take place” 及“The cake is finished and the ingredients cannot be separated” 可知顺序是 The dry ingredients are mixed 干的材料被混合； Carrots, oil and eggs are added 添加胡萝卜、油 和鸡蛋；The mixture is poured into a pan 混合物倒入平底锅；The heat from the oven causes chemical changes 烤炉的热量引起化学变化； The ingredients cannot be separated 材料不能被分开，正确的顺序是 b-a-h-f-g， 故选 A。 40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“The carbon gives the bread a dark color and a crunchy texture (质地). The water goes into the air” 可知只有碳让面包颜色变深，变得松脆。A 选项表述错误。根据最后一段“This mixture can be separated into its different components” 可知 B 选项表述正确。 根据第一段“The food we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many of the chemicals in food are necessary parts of a healthy die” 食物中的化学物 质是健康饮食里的必要部分，C 选项“bad”表述错误。根据倒数第二段“In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Flour gives the cake structure. Sugar helps to make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter”盐和糖都可以被放进去，D 选项表述错 误。故选 B。 41.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you like Physics or Chemistry? Matter is always changing, either physically or chemically”可知文章主要告诉读者理解物理变化和化学变化。故选 D。 H 【2020 •青岛市】 Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment! Over ten years ago, a family of beavers turned up in a part of the river Otter, in Devon. No one knew exactly where they came from. It was a big surprise, wild beavers hadn't lived in England for around 400 years! In 2015, the government allowed the beavers to stay there as part of a trial (试验). They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild. The trial ends in February. Some scientists from the University of Exeter already say the beavers help the wildlife in the area. One scientist called it "an amazing story". A lot of this is because of dams. Beavers build dams along the river. This creates deep pools in the riverbed and slows the water down. Scientists say this is perfect for many different types of plants and animals! Many plants are growing near the beavers. Different types of animals are also becoming more and more in the river. Beavers also help make flooding less, scientists say. The beavers' dams slow down the speed of the river, especially after heavy rain. There are, however, some problems. Beavers gnaw (咬,啃)on trees and this can harm them. Their dams can also sometimes create floods (洪水) on people's land. Beavers aren't the only animals that are being reintroduced to the wild! In 2019, red squirrels were brought back to an area of the Scottish Highlands. Further away, the world's rarest (罕见的) duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback. It was set free into the wild on the African island in 2019 and is doing well. Who knows what other animals might be making a comeback? 26. Which of the following best explains "boosting" in paragraph 1? A. building B. spreading C. helping D. creating 27. Why did the government want a trial first? Because they wanted to ________. A. grow more plants along the river B. build dams for the beavers in the wild C. introduce the beavers to the wild D. see if the beavers could be reintroduced to the wild 28. What are the good things about wild beavers living on the river Otter? A. They help plants grow and make flooding less. B. They bring heavy rain and floods. C. They gnaw on trees and harm them. D. Their dams create floods on people's land. 29. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the news story which have been reintroduced to the wild? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 30. How do you think animal lovers feel about the news? A. Embarrassed. B. Pleased. C. Tired. D. Disappointed. 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种重新引入到野外的野生动物，以野生河狸为例说明了重新被引入到野 外的野生动物状况良好，并介绍了其对环境发展的促进作用和不良影响。 26.C【解析】词句猜测题。building 建造；spreading 传播；helping 帮助；creating 创造。根据第三段“the beavers help the wildlife in the area”可知，野生河狸帮助了该地区的野生动物，故野生河狸可以促进野生动物和环境 的发展，故划线部分 boosting 意为“促进、提高”，可以用 help“帮助”解释，即野生河狸帮助了野生动物和环 境的发展。故选 C。 27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild”可 知，政府想要先做一个试验的目的是看这些野生河狸能否被重新引入野外。故选 D。 28.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Many plants are growing near the beavers…Beavers also help make flooding less”可知，野生河狸能够帮助植物生长，并减少洪水的发生，这是野生河狸带来的好处，其余的诸 如引发洪水和啃咬树木，这些都是坏处。故选 A。 29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Beavers aren't the only animals…red squirrels were brought back…the world's rarest duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback”可知，文中一共提到了三种被重新引入到野 外的动物，分别是河狸、红松鼠和马达加斯加麻鸭。故选 C。 30.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“It was a big surprise”及全文内容可知，对于动物爱好者来说，野生动 物重新被引入到野外的消息无疑是让他们非常高兴的。故选 B。 A【2020 •天津市东丽区九年级二模】 You are visiting the Big Ben in England, but the next second you are in France. Then, suddenly you may see some animals that have disappeared. But you are not in a wonderland. This is what might happen to you in the near future, with the help of VR (虚拟现实) technology. VR is a computer technology that creates an environment and allows users to see and even interact (互动) with it. Just wear a pair of VR goggles (护目镜) connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of your room. “The most attractive part of VR is that it offers an immersive experience. You become a part of the story. That's why VR movies are popular among users.” said Wang Bing, leader of the Chinese entertainment company Funshow. According to the Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior announced last month, over 960, 000 people in China have bought VR products and 83.2% of them have watched VR movies. The use of VR is not only used in entertainment. VR can help to train pilots (飞行员) and workers before they have to actually risk their lives in highly dangerous working environments. VR also helps to treat patients with acrophobia (恐高症) by making them think they are standing on top of a tall building. __________. Users said they had headaches and felt sick while wearing VR goggles. According to Wang Huit, leader of a VR research company in Beijing, it could take a while for VR to really take over the world. 56. How do VR goggles work? A. By interacting with the users. B. By stepping out of the room. C. By connecting them to the telephone. D. By connecting them to the computer. 57. What's the meaning of the underlined word “immersive” in the third paragraph? A. 莫名其妙的 B. 身临其境的 C. 感人至深的 D. 有教育意义的 58. How many Chinese have watched VR movies according to the passage? A. About 160，000. B. About 700，000. C. About 800，000. D. About 960，000. 59. Which of the following can be put in the blank of Paragraph 6? A. Also, people in China enjoy VR technology. B. VR technology can be also used in the hospital. C. However, VR technology is still far from perfect. D. VR technology is so wonderful that we need it. 60. What's the best title for this passage? A. Seeing Future for VR B. VR-a Kind of New Technology C. The Use of VR Goggles D. A Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior 【答案】56. D 57. B 58. C 59. C 60. B 【解析】本文主要讲述了一种新的技术，叫做“VR”，它的出现可以让人们足不出户就可以周游世界，同时 它也可以被用于飞行及恐高症治疗中。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Just wear a pair of VR goggles (护目镜) connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of your room.”可知“VR”是需要和电脑连接的，故选 D。 【57 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据后文“You become a part of the story.”可知使用 VR 可以使你感到就像亲自参与到这个故事 中一样，所以这个词的意思是身临其境的意思，故选 B。 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中的数字“According to the Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior announced last month, over 960, 000 people in China have bought VR products and 83.2% of them have watched VR movies.”可以得出 数字大概是 800，0000 人，故选 C。 【59 题详解】 阅读填空题。根据“Users said they had headaches and felt sick while wearing VR goggles.”说明 VR 还有它自身 的缺陷，还有不够完美，有待继续改进，故选 C。 【60 题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍一个新的技术“VR”的出现以及它的使用领域，故选 B。 B【2020 •内蒙古鄂尔多斯东胜区中考一模】 Skyscrapers and traffic jams are often seen in today’s big cities. But what will the cities of the future look like? They will look “smarter”, for one thing. A smart city is a city that uses digital technology, such as 5G networks and the “ internet of things”, save money and resources, and make our lives more convenient. For example, by using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, we can find out how to use these resources more efficiently. Imagine if water and gas pipes could remind repair workers when there is a problem. Some cities around the world are already using smart technology to improve people’s lives. In Baltimore, US, smart trash bins can sense how full they are and tell workers when they need cleaning. In Amsterdam, there is real-time traffic data collected from sensors around the city. There are fewer traffic jams. In the city of Hang Zhou, Alibaba , one of China’s biggest tech companies started a project called “ city Brain” in 2016. It uses a network of cameras and sensors spread across the city to collect data on road conditions. The system can track ambulance and see if they are on their way to local hospitals. If they are, red traffic lights in their path can be changed to green so that they can reach the hospital faster. Of course, it will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But it won’t be long until more cities join in. It is expected that more than 60 percent of the world’s population will live in smart cities by 2050, according to Tech Republic. 42. If you live in a smart city, ________________ A. you will be always in traffic jams. B. you will not need to work any more. C. your life will be much easier than before. D. you will spend more money and use more resources. 43. The examples given of smart cities are taken to show______________ A. what an important role smart technology is playing in our life. B. how many smart cities are there around the world. C. how fast smart technology is developing all over the world. D. smart technology has been used for people’s lives around the world. 44. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Living in smart cities has some disadvantages. B. More people will live in smart cities. C. Not everyone wants to live in a smart city. D. All cities will become smart cities by 2050. 45. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Living in smarter cities. B. Using digital technology. C. Rebuilding the smart cities. D. Improving people’s lives. 【答案】42. C 43. D 44. B 45. A 【解析】未来的城市将会是智能城市，即利用数字技术便利人们的生活。现在一些城市已经在使用智能技 术改善人们的生活。未来更多的人将生活在智慧城。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“save money and resources, and make our lives more convenient.”可知智慧城市会帮助我们 节约成本和资源使生活更便捷，故选 C。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Some cities around the world are already using smart technology to improve people’s lives.” 及后文例举的智慧城市，可知智能技术已经在全世界人们生活中使用了，故选 D。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据“It is expected that more than 60 percent of the world’s population will live in smart cities by 2050,”可知未来更多的人将生活在智慧城市，故选 B。 【45 题详解】 标题归纳题。A. 生活在智慧城；B. 使用数字技术；C. 重建智慧城市；D. 改善人民生活。这篇短文主要介 绍了人们利用数字技术建造智慧城市，方便人们的生活，现在一些城市已经在使用智能技术改善人们 的生活，未来更多人将生活在智慧城。对比选项，故选 A。 C【2020 •山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模】 The Dead Sea At 430 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is Earth's lowest point on land. It is popular for its wonderful buoyancy(浮力). The high salt content-more than 34 percent - makes swimming more like floating. Now the Dead Sea is actually dying. People are using water from the Jordan River, which takes water away from the Dead Sea. Since 1930, its surf area has reduced by almost 40 percent. Venice, Italy With waterways instead of streets. This "Floating City" has attracted visitors for centuries. But no visit to Venice is complete without a ride on one of its famous gondolas, human powered water taxis. Water creates Venice. But water will also kill the city. Built on soft earth, Venice has slowly been sinking (下沉) for centuries. Now, with rising sea levels caused by human activities, it's sinking faster. According to US-based magazine Architectural Digest, the city may disappear in the next 100 years. Better book your gondola soon! Great Barrier Reef, Australia Covering more than 2,300 kilometers of Australia's northeast coast, Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest reef ecosystem, and an ideal place for scuba divers (水肺潜水者).Thousands of colorful coral (珊瑚) and fish make homes in the blue sea water. It's like a big underwater party! Sadly, the party might be over soon. The reef is dying. Human activities are changing the weather. Warming ocean, water kills the coral, and this causes problems up the food chain. The New York Times reported that large parts are already dead, and the reef system might be gone by 2030. 15. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Disappearing Watery Wonders B. Amazing Man-made Wonders on the Sea C. Lost Watery Wonders on the Sea D. Last Watery Wonders in the World 16. Which of the following is the shared cause of the problems all the three places are facing? A. Water loss. B. Sea pollution. C. Warming seas. D. Human activities. 17. If Tom wants to visit all the following places before they are gone, and he can only afford one in the next 15 years, where must he go? A. The Dead Sea. B. Venice. C. Italy. D. Great Barrier Reef. 【答案】15. A 16. D 17. D 【解析】本文介绍了三个水上奇观。一是：死海；二是：威尼斯；三是：大堡礁。文章介绍了它们消失的 原因——人类活动。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Now the Dead Sea is actually dying. 现在死海真的要死了。由句子 According to US-based magazine Architectural Digest, the city may disappear in the next 100 years. 据美国《建筑文摘》杂志报道，这 座城市可能在未来 100 年内消失。以及句子 The New York Times reported that large parts are already dead, and the reef system might be gone by 2030. 《纽约时报》报道说，大部分已经死亡，到 2030 年，珊瑚礁系统可能 会消失。可知，本文介绍了这些景点正在逐步的消失，因此最好的题目应该 Disappearing Watery Wonders 消 失的水上奇观！故选 A。 【16 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 People are using water from the Jordan River, which takes water away from the Dead Sea. 人们 正在使用约旦河的水，这条河将死海的水带走。由句子 Now, with rising sea levels caused by human activities, it's sinking faster. 现在，随着人类活动引起的海平面上升，它下沉的速度越来越快。以及句子 Human activities are changing the weather. Warming ocean, water kills the coral, and this causes problems up the food chain. 人类 活动正在改变天气。海洋变暖，水杀死了珊瑚，这导致了食物链的问题。可知，这三个地方面临的问题的 共同原因是因为人类活动造成的。故选 D。 【17 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 The New York Times reported that large parts are already dead, and the reef system might be gone by 2030. 《纽约时报》报道说，大部分已经死亡，到 2030 年，珊瑚礁系统可能会消失。可知，如果汤 姆想在这些地方消失之前游览一下，而且在接下来的 15 年里他应该先去大堡礁。因为大堡礁将会在 （2030-2019=11）11 后消失，故选 D。 D【2020 •山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模】 Long, long ago, people made fires from lightening (闪电). But they had to keep the fire burning, for they couldn't start it again if there was no lightening. Later, they found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark (火花). The spark could fire dry leaves. In this way they could make fire again if it went out. Then people also learned to make a fire by rubbing (摩擦). They made a hole in a piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again. After a few minutes they got a fire. Years went by, people learned other ways to make a fire. Sometimes they used the heat from the sun. They held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire. About two centuries ago, people began to make matches. Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fire. Today matches are still being used, but people have more new ways to make fire. One of them is to use an electric fire starter. Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches. But it is very useful. 18. What can a spark do From the text? A. Fire any leaves. B. Burn anything. C. Burn dry leaves. D. Keep fire burning. 19. How can we also get a fire? A. By making a hole in a big piece of wood. B. By putting a smaller stick into the hole. C. By turning the stick hard for a while. D. By doing all the above in order. 20. How long have Matches been used? A. For about two thousand years. B. For about two hundred years. C. Since people began to use fire for cooking. D. Since people used the heat from the sun. 21. What can we know from the passage? A. Electric fire starters are widely used. B. Some forest fires happen from lightening. C. Today there are only two ways to make a fire. D. People haven't used matches since they had electric fire starters. 【答案】18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了火的发明，人们从原始社会从自然雷电获得火，再到摩擦生火， 再到发明火柴和打火机，都说明了人类的进步。 【18 题详解】 细节理解题，根据第一段“Later, they found out hitting two piece of stone together could make a spark. The spark could fire dry leaves.”可知火花可以点燃干枯的树叶，故选 C。 【19 题详解】 细节理解题，根据第一段“They made a hole on a big piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again. After a few minutes they got a fire”可知钻木取火的过程是 ABC 按顺序，故选 D。 【20 题详解】 细节理解题，根据最后一段 “About two centuries ago, people began to make matches”可知火柴的应用已有 200 多年的历史了，故选 B。 【21 题详解】 推理判断题。B 选项“Some forest fires happen from lightening”一些森林大火是由闪电引起的，文中没有提到。 根据最后一段“Today matches are still being used, people have more new ways to make fire. One of them is to use an electric fire starter. Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches. But it is very useful”可知 A 选项表述正确，C 选项“Today there are only two ways” 表述错误，D 选项“haven't used matches”表述错误。故选 A。 E【2020 •四川省成都市青羊区中考二模】 Imagine that you’re a happy fly. You’re just flying around the sky when you see beautiful pink leaf. That looks like nice place to land to have a rest.As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange. You want to move. But in 0.6 second, you are caught by the plants! You will be digested(消化) as its food. Welcome to the world of carnivorous plants! We call them carnivorous because they attract, catch, and eat insects. Like other plants, they get energy from the sun. But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients(营养素) from the insects they catch. They live in places where the soil is short of nutrients. There are over 25,000 kinds of plants. Only 600 or so are carnivorous. The famous one is The Venus flytrap. Its leaves look like big mouths. When an insect flies to it, it will close its leaf like a man closing the mouth. Pitcher plants might be the most interesting kind of carnivorous. They are in the shape of a deep bottle and can fool the insects into landing on them by offering sweet nectar(花蜜).Then they wait for the insects to come. The insects will be caught by a “cover” that would close quickly the minute it goes in. Then the plant can enjoy the meal after digesting the insect. 68. If you were a carnivorous plant, you can _______. A. eat a fly B. fly around the sky C. rest on the leaf 69. Different from other plants, carnivorous plants _______. A. get energy from the sun B. get nutrients from the soil C. get nutrients from insects 70. Which of the following picture is a Venus flytrap? A. B. C. 71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Pitcher plants are in the shape of mouths. B. Insects like sweet nectar, so they are easy to be caught by pitcher plants. C. Before digesting the insect, the plant can enjoy the meal. 72. You might see this article from the magazine _______. A. Nature Today B. All About Space C. The style 【答案】68. A 69. C 70. C 71. B 72. A 【解析】主要介绍了几种食肉植物，如扑蝇草、猪笼草等。 【68 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“But in 0.6 second, you are caught by the plants!We call them carnivorous because they attract, catch, and eat insects.”可知，如果你是一种食肉植物，你可以吃掉苍蝇，故选 A。 【69 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients(营养素) from the insects they catch.”可 知，食肉植物从捕获的昆虫中获取营养。故选 C。 【70 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“The famous one is The Venus flytrap. Its leaves look like big mouths.”可知，它的叶子 看起来像大嘴巴，与描述相符的是 C 图片，故选 C。 【71 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Pitcher plants might be the most interesting kind of carnivorous….The insects will be caught by a “cover” that would close quickly the minute it goes in.”可知，昆虫喜欢甜蜜，所以很容易被猪笼草 捕获。故选 B。 【72 题详解】 推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解及文中“Welcome to the world of carnivorous plants!”可知，文章主要讲述 了大自然中的食肉植物，可知文章选自关于自然的书籍或杂志，故选 A。 F【2020 •北京市西城区英语一模】 I’m crazy about chocolate, so it’s no surprise that my favorite book is Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by the wonderful Roald Dahl. Forget Charlie Bucket, the real hero is Willy Wonka, inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world. Here are just afew of his delicious creations ： •Hot ice cream for a cold day! What a great idea. Now I can eat ice cream every day! He also invented an ice cream that never melts (融化）—very useful. •Wallpaper that you can lick. This wallpaper comes in orange, grape, apple and banana flavours. When you lick the pictures, you taste the fruit. Brilliant! •Grass made of sugar called Swudge. It grows by the chocolate river and the chocolate waterfall in Willy Wonka’s factory. •Mr. Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren, such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it. There are also sugar- coated pencils and magic hand-fudge (软糖）—you hold the fudge in your hand and you taste it in your mouth. Finally, there are Wonka’s exploding weets — a great way of scaring (恐吓）the school bully! Anyway, these are just a few of his inventions. Read the book if you want to know more. 21. Who invented the most amazing sweets in the world? A. Willy Wonka. B. Roald Dahl. C. Charlie Bucket. D. The writer. 22. Wallpaper is a kind of sweet that . A. never melts B. has tastes of different fruits C. smells like chocolate D. can not be seen by others 23. Which invention is designed especially for schoolchildren? A. Hot ice cream. B. Wallpaper. C. Swudge. D. Sugar-coated pencils. 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 【解析】文章介绍了各种各样的糖。 【21 题详解】 根据 the real hero is Willy Wonka, inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world. 可知是 Willy Wonka 发明了 最让人惊讶的糖；故选 A 【22 题详解】 根据 This wallpaper comes in orange, grape, apple and banana flavours. When you lick the pictures, you taste the fruit 可知这种墙纸是水果做成的，所以有水果的味道的糖；故选 B 【23 题详解】 根据. Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren, such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it. There are also sugar-coated pencils and magic hand-fudge (软糖）有糖外套的铅笔是特别 为学校的孩子设计的糖；故选 D G【2020 •福建省福州市第一中学模拟试题】 The Colosseum is an ancient stadium in the center of Rome. It is the largest of its kind. It is very old. They started building it in the year 70. It took ten years to build. It is still around today. The Colosseum has been used in many ways. In ancient Rome, men fought each other in it. They fought against lions, tigers, and bears. It was terrible. But most of the people loved it. As many as 80,000 Romans would pack inside to watch. These gruesome events went on until 523. The Colosseum has been damaged many times over the years. It was struck by lightning in the year 217. This started a fire. Much of the Colosseum is made of stone. But the fire damaged the upper levels. They were made of wood. This damage took many years to repair. It was not finished until the year 240. The worst damage happened in 1349. A mighty earthquake shook Rome and the Colosseum. The south side of the building collapsed ( 坍塌). Pieces of the arena ( 场地) were all over the ground. Many people took the fallen stones. Others took stones from the seating areas. They used them to repair houses and churches. The Romans of those days were not connected to the Colosseum. It had last been used as a castle. Before that it was a graveyard. It has been hundreds of years since the games. The damage to the Colosseum was never repaired. It's a good thing the outer wall of it still stands strong. Today the Colosseum is one of Rome's most popular attractions. People from all over the world come to Italy to see it. The Pope leads a big march around it every Good Friday. It is a symbol that many know. It has even appeared on the back of a coin. I guess that makes it a symbol that many people want too. 31. The underlined word “gruesome” in the second paragraph means . A. exciting B. traditional C. frightening D. important 32. What do we know about the lightning damage to the Colosseum in the year 217? A. It was the worst damage in history. B. The stone part was damaged. C. It took 10 years to repair. D. The wooden part was burnt. 33. According to the text, the Colosseum . A. is the symbol of Rome B. is 1000 years old C. collapsed because of its weak wall D. was successfully repaired 34. Which of the following is the right order of the events mentioned in the text? a. An earthquake damaged the Colosseum. b. The Colosseum was struck by lightning. c. The Colosseum appeared on the back of a coin. d. People used stones from the Colosseum to repair buildings. A. abcd B. badc C. abdc D. bdac 35. The Colosseum was once used as the following EXCEPT . A. a church B. a stadium C. a castle D. a graveyard 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】文章大意：罗马竞技场是位于罗马市中心的一个古老的体育场。它是同类中最大的。它很旧。他 们在公元 70 年开始建造它。竞技场有很多用途。这座竞技场多年来遭到多次破坏。当时的罗马人与罗马竞 技场没有什么联系。今天，罗马竞技场是罗马最受欢迎的景点之一。全世界的人都来意大利看。教皇每周 五都会带领一个大游行。 【31 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据 In ancient Rome, men fought each other in it. They fought against lions, tigers, and bears. It was terrible 在古罗马，人们在里面互相争斗。他们与狮子、老虎和熊作战。太可怕了。可知，These gruesome events went on until 523.这些可怕的事件一直持续到 123 年。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 It was struck by lightning in the year 217. This started a fire. Much of the Colosseum is made of stone. But the fire damaged the upper levels. They were made of wood 它是在公元 217 年被闪电击中的。这引起 了火灾。竞技场大部分是用石头建造的。但大火破坏了上层建筑。它们是木头做的。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Today the Colosseum is one of Rome's most popular attractions. People from all over the world come to Italy to see it. The Pope leads a big march around it every Good Friday. It is a symbol that many know. 今 天，罗马竞技场是罗马最受欢迎的景点之一。全世界的人都来意大利看。教皇每周五都会带领一个大游行。 它是许多人都知道的象征。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 理解归纳题。根据文章内容第二段 The Colosseum was struck by lightning.第四段 An earthquake damaged the Colosseum 第五段 People used stones from the Colosseum to repair buildings.第六段 The Colosseum appeared on the back of a coin. 罗马竞技场被闪电击中。地震损坏了罗马竞技场。人们用罗马竞技场的石头修缮建筑物。 罗马竞技场出现在一枚硬币的背面。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容罗马竞技场曾经被用作体育场、城堡和墓地的用途，故选 A。