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专题(六)
形容词和副词
第二篇
语法专题突破
形容词用于修饰名词和代词
,
表示人或事物的性质和特征
;
副词既可修饰动词
,
又可修饰形容词和其他副词
,
甚至整个句子。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
1.
形容词的基本用法
功能
位置
例句
作定语
一般放在名词前
;
常用作定语的形容词
:little, only
(唯一的)
, wooden, elder
等
There are four wooden chairs under the table.
桌子下有四把木质的椅子。
作后置定语
形容词修饰不定代词时
,
通常后置
I have something interesting to tell you.
我
有有趣的事情要告诉你。
(续表)
功能
位置
例句
作表语
一般放在
be
动词后
,
常用作表语的形容词
:alone, awake, alive, well
(健康的)
, ill
等
I was awake last night and I'm sleepy now.
我昨晚失眠了。现在我很困。
作宾语补足语
常置于
keep, make, leave
等动词之后
,
说明宾语的性质、状态和特征
Please keep the room clean and tidy.
请保持房间干净整洁。
[
拓展
]
形容词的其他用法
(
1
)“
the+
形容词”表示一类人或物
,
如
:the old
老人。
(
2
)数词
+
表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词
+
形容词
,
如
:five thousand metres long 5
千米长。
(
3
)形容词常用句式
:
①
“
It's+
adj.
+of+sb.+to do sth.
” 表示“某人做某事是……的”。在这一句型中
,
常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词
,
如
: good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful
等。
②
“
It's+
adj.
+for+sb.+to do sth.
” 表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”。在这一句型中
,
常用描述事物性质的形容词
,
如
: easy, difficult, important, safe, dangerous
等。
2.
副词的基本用法
功能
位置
例句
作状语
①
多数副词放在动词之后
;
②
动词若带宾语
,
则放在宾语之后
;
③
频度副词通常放在行为动词之前
,
情态动词、助动词和
be
动词之后
My brother studies very hard.
我哥哥学习很努力。
She speaks English well.
她英语说得很好。
I usually get up early on school days.
在上学日我通常起得很早。
作表语
主要
限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词
,
如
in, out, on, back, down, up
等
When will you be back?
你什么时候回来
?
作定语
一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后
Life here is full of joy.
这里的生活充满了欢乐。
[
拓展
]
(
1
)程度副词一般放在所修饰的词前
,
但
enough
作副词时
,
通常放在被修饰词的后面。
He didn't work hard enough last term but now he works very hard.
上学期他学习不够努力
,
但现在他学习非常努力。
(
2
)副词的构成
构成
例词
形容词后直接加
-ly
careful
—
carefully, beautiful
—
beautifully
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的形容词
,
变
y
为
i,
再加
-ly
lucky
—
luckily, happy
—
happily
以“辅音字母
+le
”结尾的形容词
,
去
e,
再加
-y
terrible
—
terribly,
possible
—
possibly,
simple
—
simply
少数以
e
结尾的形容词
,
去
e,
再加
-ly
true
—
truly, due
—
duly
与形容词同形的副词
:enough, well, fast, late, early, deep, high, slow, hard, long, low, much, little, only, back, just, free, most, close
[
注意
]
有些以
-ly
结尾的词是形容词而非副词
,
如
:lonely, lovely, friendly, motherly
。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则
(
1
)规则变化
情况
变化规则
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词
直接加
-er,
-
est
strong
stronger
strongest
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的词
加
-r, -st
wide
wider
widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的词
双写末尾
的辅音
字母
,
再加
-er, -est
fat
thin
fatter
thinner
fattest
thinnest
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的双音节词
变
y
为
i,
再加
-er, -est
heavy
happy
heavier
happier
heaviest
happiest
多音节词及部分双音节词
在原级前加
more, most
difficult
slowly
more
difficult
more
slowly
most difficult
most slowly
(
2
)常见的不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther, further
farthest, furthest
old
older, elder
oldest, eldest
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
1.
原级的用法
(
1
)只能修饰原级的词有
very, quite, too, so
等。
Today is too hot.
今天真是太热了。
(
2
)原级常用的句型结构
:
结构
例句
①
“
A+be/
v.
+as+
形容词
/
副词原级
+as+B
”表示“
A
和
B
程度相同”
Tom is as old as Kate.
汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom runs as fast as Mike.
汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
②
“
A+be/
v.
+not+as/so+
形容词
/
副词原级
+as+B
”表示“
A
不如
B
……”
This room is not as/so big as that one.
这个房间不如那个房间大。
He doesn't walk as slowly as you.
他走路不像你那样慢。
2.
比较级的用法
结构
例句
①
“
A+be/
v.
+
形容词
/
副词比较级
+than+B
”表示“
A
比
B
……”
Tom is taller than Kate.
汤姆比凯特高。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
我今天早晨比我妈妈起床还早。
②
“
A+be/
v.
+
形容词
/
副词比较级
+than+any other+
单数可数名词(
+
介词短语)”表示“
A
比同一范围的任何一个人
/
物都……”
,
含义是“
A
最……
”(
该句型虽用比较级的结构
,
但表达最高级的意思)
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
(续表)
结构
例句
③
“
A+be+the+
形容词比较级
+of the two
…”表示“
A
是两者中较……的”
Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.
看那两个男孩
,
我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
④
“比较级
+and+
比较级”表示“越来越……”
He is getting taller and taller.
他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
花儿越来越漂亮了。
⑤
“
the+
比较级
,the+
比较级”表示“越……
,
就越……”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越认真
,
犯的错误就越少。
(续表)
结构
例句
⑥
“特殊疑问词
+be+
形容词比较级
, A or B?
”
Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?
哪一个大
,
地球还是月球
?
⑦
“特殊疑问词
+
v.
+
副词比较级
, A or B?
”
Who draws better, Jenny or Danny?
谁画得比较好
,
詹妮还是丹尼
?
[
注意
]
比较级前一般可用
much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit
等来修饰。
3.
最高级的用法
结构
例句
①
“主语
+be/
v.
+the+
形容词
/
副词最高级
+
单数名词
+in/of
短语”表示“……是……中最……的”
Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students
.
汤
姆是他班上
/
所有学生当中最高的。
I jump
(
the
)
farthest in my class.
我是我班上跳得最远的。
②
“主语
+be+one of the+
形容词最高级
+
复数名词
+in/of
短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China
.
北京
是中国最大的城市之一。
(续表)
结构
例句
③
“特殊疑问词
+be+the+
最高级
+A,B,or C?
”用于三者及三者以上的比较
Which country is the largest, China,Brazil or Canada?
哪一个国家最大
,
中国、巴西还是加拿大
?
④
表示“第几……”用“
the+
序数词
+
最高级
+
名词”
Li Ming is the second tallest student in the class.
李铭是班里第二高的学生。
[
注意
]
形容词最高级前要加
the,
副词最高级前的
the
可以省略。
Ⅰ.
单项选择
1.[2019
·河北
]The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel
.
A.easier B.harder C.higher D.slower
2.[2019
·河北
]Ken was
late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
A.still B.always C.already D.almost
对接中考专练
A
句意
:
高铁是令人赞叹的。它使旅行更简单。此题可以用排除法
,
先排除不符合逻辑的
C,
根据常识排除
B, D
。
D
根据后句 “他进入教室后
,
铃声正好响了。”可知他并没有迟到。故选
D
。
3.[2018
·河北
]This dog looks
. It's wearing red shoes.
A.Clever B.brave C.funny D.careful
4.[2017
·河北
]Eating dumplings at the Spring Festival is
in China.
A.patient B.lucky
C.possible D.traditional
5.[2017
·河北
]Mr. Liu is a really nice person
—
the
person I know.
A.nicer B.nicest
C.happier D.happiest
对接中考专练
C
D
B
6.[2016
·河北
]You bought the last ticket for the concert.
How
you are!
A.sweet B.lucky C.strange D.funny
7.[2016
·河北
]I can't tell the exact time. My watch goes a few minutes
.
A.Sooner B.faster C.later D.longer
8.[2015
·河北
]Mom, I'm very
for all your love.
A.thankful B.careful C.useful D.helpful
对接中考专练
B
B
A
9.[2015
·河北
]The movie covers all of Chinese history. It
is
worth seeing again.
A.Mainly B.really C.possibly D.hardly
10.[2014
·河北
]How
Cindy grows! She's almost as tall as her mother now.
A.Cute B.strong C.fast D.straight
11.[2014
·河北
]Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also
.
A.healthier B.healthiest C.the healthier D.the healthiest
对接中考专练
B
句意
:
这部电影涵盖了全部中国历史
,
真的很值得再看一次。
mainly
意为“主要地”
;really
意为“确实
,
的确”
;possibly
意为“可能”
; hardly
意为“几乎不”。由句意可知选
B
。
C
D
12.[2019
·唐山路南区一模
]We should keep our
information safe when using the Internet.
A.Special B.private C.similar D.traditional
13.[2019
·邯郸二模
]What
news made them so down? I'm worried about them.
A.Sad B.happy C.exciting D.good
14.[2019
·邢台二模
]
—
Did you see the accident?
—
No.
I knew about it from Tom.
A.Actually B.Suddenly C.Usually D.Immediately
对接中考专练
B
A
A
15.[2019
·唐山路北区三模
]Kitty didn't make as many mistakes as Simon. She had the exam
.
A.more careless B.more carelessly
C.more careful D.more carefully
对接中考专练
D
Ⅱ.
根据首字母或括号内提示完成句子。
1.[2019
·贵港
]Helen didn't go to Chongqing by plane. I
, she went there by train.
2.[2019
·广州
]When she first went to university, she felt very
l
because she knew no one there.
3.[2019
·铜仁
]I feel so h
that I would like something to eat.
4.[2019
·百色
]Please speak more l
, so all of us can hear you.
5.It's a relaxing and
(
peace
)
place near a lake.
对接中考专练
Instead
lonely
hungry
loudly
peaceful
6.It is
(
believable
)
that AI has progressed in such a rapid way in the past few years.
7.[2019
·荆门
]We may meet difficulties in life;
(
luck
)
, there are always some kind people offering us help.
8.On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly
to
(
high
)
ground when an earthquake happens.
9.Children should be taught to manage their time
(
wise
)
.
10.Mr. Smith no
(
long
)
works here. It's hard for me to see him as often as before.
对接中考专练
unbelievable
luckily
higher
wisely
longer
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