2020中考英语语法专项复习：简单句和主从复合句 29页

简单句和主从复合句 简单句 简单句是由 一个主语 ( 或并列主语 ) 和 一个谓语 ( 或并列谓语 ) 构成的句子 。对简单句的基本句型结构的考查是中考常见考点。 考点一： 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 如： Mr. Green is from Southern England . 温馨提示： 初中阶段所学的系动词有 be, seem, keep, stay, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn, fall 等。 考点二： 主语 + 不及物动词 如： She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 考点三： 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 如： Tom plays many different ball games . 考点四： 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 如： Linda sent me a lovely birthday card yesterday.  温馨提示： 间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。 能接双宾语的动词多数要在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 。 ① 加 to 的动词有 give, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, tell 等。 ② 加 for 的动词有 buy, make, build, mend, cook 等。 考点五： 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 如： I will paint my room blue . 考点六： there be 句型 如： There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. 【 中考链接 】 Ⅰ. 将所给单词连成句子。要求符合语法，语 句通顺，大小写正确，单词不得重复使 用，标点已给出。 1. night, did, last, rain, it ______________________________________?   2. gift, him, birthday, gave, a, I _______________________________________. Did it rain last night I gave him a birthday gift 3. tennis, a, Nancy, twice, week, play _______________________________________. Nancy plays tennis twice a week Ⅱ. 将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 这座桥有 300 米左右长。 _______________________________________ 2. 你应该和你的老师讨论一下这个问题。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我认为五十年后将有更多的污染。 _______________________________________   This bridge is about 300 meters long.  You should discuss this question with your teacher.  I think there will be more pollution in 50 years. III. ( ) 1. There ________ two dictionaries on the bookcase. You can use either of them. A. is B. was C. are D. were ( ) 2. There ________ a pencil and some pens in the box. A. is B. are C. aren’t ( ) 3. There ________ a basketball match in our school tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. are D. is going to have C A B ( ) 4. —Do you know ________ a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July15th? —Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day. A. there will be B. there will have C. there are D. there have ( ) 5. —Is there a watermelon on the table? —________ A. Yes, there is. B. Yes, it is. C. No, there is. D. No, it isn’t. A A 主从复合句 初中阶段要求掌握的主从复合句主要有 宾语从句 、 状语从句 和 限定性定语从句 。 一、宾语从句 考点一：宾语从句的关联词及其作用 关联词 作用 that 本身 无意义 ，在从句中 不充当句子成分 ，只 起连接作用 ，常常 可以省略 。 if, whether 意为“ 是否 ”，在从句中 不充当句子成分 ，但 不能省略 。 关联词 作用 what, who, whose, whom, which 在从句中 充当句子成分 ，如主语、宾语、定语等， 不能省略 。 when, where, why, how 在从句中 作状语 ， 不能省略 。 考点二： 宾语从句必须是陈述句语序 。 考点三：如果宾语 从句表述的是客观真理 或自然现象时 ，不管主句是什么时态， 宾语从句都使用一般现在时 。 【 中考链接 】 (    ) 1. —Do you know ______ the meeting? —Tomorrow morning. A. when they had        B. when they are going to have C. when did they have    D. when are they going to have  B (    ) 2. —Excuse me, can you tell me ______? —Sorry, I don’t know. You can go to the information desk. A. that there is a train    B. when the train leaves C. which train can I take  D. where does the train go B 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. “How do you sell goods at the WeChat shop?” Kevin asked me. ( 改写句子，句意不变 ) Kevin asked me ___ I _____ goods at the WeChat shop. 2. “When will you finish the project on Internet safety?” the official asked. ( 改为宾语从句 ) The official asked _____ I ______ finish the project on Internet safety. how sold when would 二、状语从句 考点一：引导状语从句的连词 时间状语从句： when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as 条件状语从句： if, unless, as long as 原因状语从句： because, as, since, for 目的状语从句： so that, in order that 结果状语从句： so that, so…that/ such…that 让步状语从句： though, although, even if/ though 比较状语从句： than, as…as, not as/ so…as 考点二： 在含有 时间或条件 状语从句的复合句中，如果 主句 是一般 将来时 ，那么 从句 通常要用一般 现在时 表示将来。 【 中考链接 】 I. (    ) 1. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she ______ back. A. came                   B. comes    C. would come       D. will come B (    ) 2. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. —Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______. A. starts           B. started     C. will start    D. is starting  (    ) 3. If there ______ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is                                    B. will be       C. has                                D. will have A A (    ) 4. If it isn’t fine this weekend, our spring field trip ______. A. is cancelled            B. was cancelled    C. will be cancelled (    ) 5. We wonder if our teachers ______ to our graduating party next weekend. If they ______, we’ll be very happy. A. will come; will come B. come; will come       C. will come; come D. come; come   C C Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数 不限。 1. 除非我拿到驾照，否则我不能开我父亲 的车。 I can’t drive my _______ car _____ I get my driving license. 2. 你讲得太快了，我听不懂。能再说一次吗？ You spoke __ fast ____ I Couldn’t understand you. Would you say it again? so that father’s unless 3. 除非有医院的证明，否则你必须参加体 育测试。 You’re required to take _______ in the P.E. test _______ you have a doctor’s note. 4. 如果明天不下雨，我的家人将去野餐。 ________________________, my family will go for a picnic. 5. 一收到妈妈的来信，她就立刻启程回家。 She will set off for home at once as soon as she ___________ her mother. (hear) If it doesn’t rain tomorrow part unless hears from 三、定语从句 考点一：当 先行词为物 时，可 用 that / which 引导定语从句， that / which 在从句中作主语 或 宾语 ( 作宾语时可省略 ) 。 考点二：当 先行词为人 时，可 用 who / that 引导定语从句， who / that 在从句中作主语 或 宾语 ( 作宾语时可省略 ) 。 考点三：关系代词的特殊用法 只能用 that 情况 (1) 先行词为 不定代词 all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。 (2) 先行词被 序数词或形容词的最高级 修饰 时。 (3) 先行词被 all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等 不定代词修饰时 。 (4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。 (5) 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的 特殊疑问句 时 。 (6) 先行词 既有人又有物 时。 (7) time 作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰 时 ，定语从句用 that 引导；如果没有序数 词或 last 修饰时，既可用 when 也可用 that 来 引导。 2. 只能用 which 的情况 (1) 关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词 +which” 结构。 (2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用 which 。 考点四：关系副词的用法 1. when 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。 2. where 在句中作状语，表示地点。 3. why 在句中作状语，表示原因。 【 中考链接 】 (    ) 1. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people. A. who is                     B. which are   C. that is                      D. who are (    ) 2. “What kind of music do you like, Rosa?” “I love music ______ is quiet and gentle.” A. that            B. who    C. Where D A (    ) 3. —What are you looking for? —I’m looking for the book ______ you lent me yesterday. A. what             B. who         C. when        D. 不填  (    ) 4. He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house ______ he built himself out of trash. A. where                     B. what       C. which                      D. in which D C