初三英语下册期中考试试卷 8页

‎2018年春学期期中考试 ‎ 九年级英语试卷 第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共80分)‎ 一、听力(共20小题；每小题1分，计20分)‎ A) 听下面10段对话。每段对话后有1个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。‎ ‎( )1. What does the boy’s mother do?‎ ‎ ‎ A B C ‎( )2. What’s the weather like in Harbin?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A B C ‎( )3. When are they going to meet tomorrow?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A B C ‎( )4. What’s Mike’s sister doing?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A B C ‎( )5. What does Lucy usually do after school? ‎ ‎ A. Doing homework． B．Playing basketball． C. Playing table tennis．‎ ‎( )6. How long does it take Peter to finish his Chinese homework?‎ ‎ A. Thirty minutes. B．One and a half hour. C. Forty-five minutes.‎ ‎( )7. What does the man mean?‎ ‎ A. Nobody can do the best. B. Do as well as you can. ‎ ‎ C. It’s difficult to do something perfectly.‎ ‎( )8. Who hasn't been to the Disneyland in Hong Kong?‎ ‎ A．Mike． B．Lily． C．Lily’s parents．‎ ‎( )9. How often does the man go online?‎ ‎ A．Once a week． B．Twice a month． C．Twice a week．‎ ‎( )10. ----Why was the boy late? ----Because he ______________.‎ ‎ A．got up late B．missed the bus C．lost his bike B) 听对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。 ‎ 听第一段对话，回答第11—12小题。‎ ‎( )11. Where will the boy stay in Shanghai?‎ ‎ A. In his car. B. In Jerry's home. C. In a hotel.‎ ‎( )12. What will the boy do first when he gets to Shanghai?‎ ‎ A. Look around Shanghai. B. Send his mum an e-mail. C. Visit his friends.‎ 听第二段独白，回答第13—15小题。‎ A few tips to help you be happy First Enjoy the simple things, such as reading a good book, 13 , or spending time with close friends.‎ Another Be 14 , such as doing sports.‎ Finally Help others, such as helping friends or the elderly, or 15 . ‎ ‎( )13. A. climbing the mountains B. playing the piano C. listening to music ‎( )14. A. active B. brave C. patient ‎( )15. A. doing some housework B. donating some money C. doing sports 听第三段独白，回答第16—20小题。‎ ‎( )16.How long will the group Red River stay in London?‎ ‎ A. For about a week B. For half a month C. For about 3 weeks ‎( )17.What is the telephone number?‎ ‎ A. 283-0665 B.238‎-6005 ‎ C.283-0065‎ ‎( )18.Where will the concerts be?‎ ‎ A. In Drinaty Street B. In the South Bank Hall C. Near the Children’s Hospital ‎( )19. What does the speaker want to tell us?‎ ‎ A. Something about London. B. Something about a pop concert ‎ C. Something about a river.‎ ‎( )20.Which of the following is TRUE?‎ ‎ A. Tickets are quite expensive.‎ ‎ B. All of the money will go to a children’s hospital.‎ ‎ C. You can telephone to book tickets at 10:00 p.m.‎ 二、单项选择(共15小题；每小题1分，计15分)‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案。‎ ‎( )21. _______nice city Yancheng is! We can see trees and breathe fresh air everywhere．‎ ‎ A.How B.What a C.What D.How ‎ ‎( )22. ----It’s his new book, but I think it is more interesting than his other books. ‎ ‎ ----I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest_______. ‎ ‎ A. choice        B. standard      C. purpose        D. wealth ‎ ‎( )23. Eating too much sweets and chocolates _____ meals is bad for you. ‎ ‎ A.among  B.across    C.between   D.for ‎( )24. ----Must I leave now? It's still raining hard outside.‎ ‎ ----No, you_______．You can wait till the rain stops.‎ ‎ A.don't have to B.couldn't C.can't D.shouldn't ‎( )25.Of all the drinks,tea is_______ in the world.It has a history of about 5,000 years.‎ ‎ A.old   B.older  C.the oldest  D.very old ‎( )26. ----Judy, could you tell me_______ the schoolbag? ‎ ‎ ----Oh, yes. I bought it in a shop on the Internet.  ‎ ‎ A. where did you buy   B. where will you buy  ‎ ‎ C. where you bought   D. where you will buy ‎( )27. ----Would you like to go to the beach with me? ‎ ‎ ----I’d love to. But I_______ to give a speech about the environment the other day.‎ ‎ A. am asked B. was asked C. asked D. ask ‎( )28. ----Can you tell me how long you_______ the Huawei mobile phone,Mr. Zhang. ‎ ‎ ----Nearly a year. It works very well.‎ ‎ A.will buy  B.have had  C.have bought  D.had had ‎ ‎( )29.----Mrs. Gao often gets mad at her noisy son at home, but she is always ______ ‎ her noisy pupils in the music class. ‎ ‎ ----A good teacher, but not a good mother. ‎ ‎  A.angry with      B.patient with       C.worried about     D.similar to ‎( )30.---The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has_______ of the fat． ‎ ‎ ---It suits me fine. I'm losing weight. ‎ ‎ A.none  B.neither  C.any  D.some ‎( )31. ----Linda is not coming for the party tonight. ----But she_______.‎ ‎ A.promises  B.promised  C.will promise  D.had promised ‎ ‎( )32. ----________ will you ask for help when you are in trouble? ----My parents, I think.‎ ‎ A.Who  B.What  C.Where  D.When ‎ ‎( )33.---Keep working hard, Paul. You’ll surely realize your dream of being a writer ___ ‎ you give it up halfway. ‎ ‎ ---I will, thank you, Miss Rowling. ‎ ‎ A. unless        B. if             C. since       D. though ‎( )34.Everyone makes mistakes in life. The key is not to repeat ________ again．‎ ‎  A.it  B.this  C.that   D.them ‎( )35. ----Rachel，you'd better come to school on time tomorrow! ---- .‎ ‎ A.That sounds good． B.Sure，I will．‎ ‎ C.Sorry，I won't． D.I don't know 三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，计15分) ‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。‎ Spring is a good time for kite flying -- a popular activity in China. On a 36 day, you’ll see colorful kites ‎37 in the sky. They have all kinds of 38 like swallows and peaches. Some of them have 39 meanings. For example, swallows mean good luck and peaches bring you a long life.‎ ‎ The city of Weifang in Shandong is the home of the kite. The city 40 an international kite festival in April every year. There are competitions for kite-flying skills and new styles of kites. The most famous is the 41 for the “Kite King”. Thousands of kite fans from 42 30 countries take part in the competitions, or to just enjoy this colorful event.‎ ‎ The 43 kite in the world is a big “octopus”. It’s about 1,100 square meters, 44 as big as a basketball court. Li Jingyang, a kite fan in Jilin,45 eight months making it in 2008.‎ ‎ The kite was invented by Chinese people over 2,000 years 46 . According to historical record, kites were first used by soldiers to send news to their friends. In the Tang Dynasty, flying kites became a popular game for everyone.‎ ‎ 47 it spread to the West in the 1100s, the kite has had a great influence 48 Western life.‎ ‎ In 1782, the lightning rod (避雷针) was 49 with the help of a kite. Modern aircraft came from kites, too. At the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC, a board reads,“The earliest man-made aircrafts were the 50 and missiles(投射武器) of ancient China.”‎ ‎( )36.A. snowy B. sunny C. cloudy D. rainy ‎( )37.A. flying B. jumping C. singing D. climbing ‎( )38.A. animals B. fruits C. shapes D. colors ‎( )39.A. strange B. special C. surprising D. successful ‎( )40.A. holds ‎ B. visits C. makes D. joins ‎( )41.A. festival B. celebration C. performance D. competition ‎( )42.A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. much than ‎( )43.A. fattest B. largest C. nicest D. heaviest ‎( )44.A. two B. twice C. second D. second time ‎( )45.A. cost B. paid C. took D. spent ‎( )46.A. later B. since C. ago D. yet ‎( )47.A. Before B. Until C. Since D. Though ‎( )48.A. on B. to C. for D. at ‎( )49.A. discovered B. invented C. introduced D. welcomed ‎( )50.A. fireworks ‎ B.lanterns C. kites D. wings 四、阅读理解 ‎ A.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项(共15小题，每小题2分，计30分)‎ ‎(A)‎ ‎“Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying . It means that when we go to bed early, we can get up early the next morning. Then we will become healthy. We will also become rich and clever.‎ This is true. To be healthy, we must have enough sleep . Experts (专家）say that adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep a night. Teenagers need nine to ten hours . And school-aged children may need more than ten hours of sleep. Children who do not have enough sleep can’t do their work very well. They won’t be wise and they may not become wealthy! ‎ We also need exercise. Walking , running, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps us strong .It also helps the blood to move around the body. This is very important. Our blood takes the nutrition from food to all parts of our body.‎ ‎ The head also needs blood. So exercise that moves the blood to our head helps us think better! ‎ ‎( )51.If we get up early and go to bed early , we’ll _________ . ‎ ‎ A.become weak B.have more time C. be healthy D. have more work ‎ to do ‎( )52.Who needs most hours of sleep to keep healthy?‎ ‎ A.Adults B.Teenagers C.Experts D.School-aged children ‎( )53.A child ______ when he does not have enough sleep.‎ ‎ A.can’t study well B.will be wise ‎ ‎ C.will be wealthy D.will be active in class ‎( )54. The underlined word “nutrition” means “____” in Chinese.‎ ‎ A.保健 B.菌类 C.营养 D.能量 ‎( )55.A person needs exercise because ________.‎ ‎ A.he is strong enough B.it helps make him healthy ‎ ‎ C.he has a lot of homework to do D.It can bring him much blood ‎ ‎(B)‎ Today there are 6.4 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion. There are many people to feed. We need more and more food.‎ One way to produce more food is growing stronger plants. For thousands of years, farmers have made plants better. Every season, they pick the best plants for the next season. It works very slowly. Since 1983, scientists have been able to change plants more quickly by changing their genetic (遗传的) material. Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified (转基因的) foods, or GM foods.‎ By changing the genetic material of a plant, it is possible to make new plants. Scientists make plants which are strong against plant diseases. They can also help in our diseases; a kind of rice will be grown, for example, which stops people becoming blind.‎ Rich countries produce GM foods because they are easy to grow and bring in more money. Poor countries are interested in them because they help produce more food.‎ GM plants are not natural. No one knows how good or bad they are. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There are strong feelings against them because they are unnatural. They may feed people, then hurt them or their children later. But both rich and poor countries are interested in their uses, and they are not going to go away. In 2050, we may think differently about them.‎ ‎( )56. There may be billion people by the year 2050 on the earth.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎A. 6.4 ‎B. ‎12.5 ‎ C. 18.5 D. 20.5‎ ‎( )57. How have scientists been able to change plants more quickly?‎ ‎ A. By making the best plants. B. By asking the farmers to grow plants.‎ ‎ C. By changing planting environment. D. By changing their genetic material.‎ ‎( )58. Why do rich countries produce GM foods? ‎ ‎ A. Because they are easy to grow and bring in more money.‎ ‎ B. Because they are easy to grow and very cheap.‎ ‎ C. Because they help produce more food. ‎ D. Because they are the best plants.‎ ‎( )59. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. GM plants are not natural. ‎ B. GM plants are strong against plant diseases.‎ ‎ C. Everyone knows how good or bad GM plants are. ‎ ‎ D. GM foods may hurt people or their children later.‎ ‎( )60. What can we learn from the passage?‎ ‎ A. GM foods will go away one day in the future. ‎ B. GM foods will not go away in the future.‎ ‎ C. People will not be interested in GM foods. ‎ D. People will have to stop eating GM foods.‎ ‎(C)‎ Hanukkah (光明节), the annual (每年的) Festival of Lights, is celebrated with zeal (热情) by the Jewish people around the world. They celebrate the holiday with the lighting of the menorah (多连灯烛台) , traditional foods, games and gifts. Hanukkah is a Jewish festival.It falls on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kiskv (犹太教历), which is usually sometime in December. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago，when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them follow their own traditions and religion (宗教) . When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem(耶路撒冷), they found there was only enough holy(神圣的) oil to keep the sacred light (神圣之灯) burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, until the people had time to make more oil.‎ At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candle stick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the ‎ last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (犹太教堂) to pray and to remember the miracle (奇迹) of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People exchange gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food. Hanukkah is a relatively minor holiday in the Jewish year, however, the Hanukkah story tells of Jewish culture surviving in a non-Jewish world. ‎ ‎( )61. For how many days does Hanukkah last? ‎ ‎ A. 7 B. ‎8 ‎ C. 9 D. 10‎ ‎( )62. Jewish people fought against the emperor because______.‎ ‎ A. the emperor didn't let them eat traditional food or wear traditional clothes ‎ B. the emperor didn't allow them to follow their own tradition and religions ‎ C. the emperor didn't let them celebrate their own festivals ‎ D. the emperor didn't allow them to keep the sacred 1ight burning ‎( )63. What do the candles on the Menorah remind Jewish people of?‎ ‎ A. The war that they fought 2,000 years ago.‎ ‎ B. The God that they honored best.‎ ‎ C. The miracle of the holy oil that happened 2,000 years ago.‎ ‎ D. The church they built 2,000 years ago. ‎ ‎( )64. During Hanukkah, families and friends usually ______.‎ ‎ A. send each other postcards B. go to parties together ‎ C. get together D. light candles together ‎( )65. The passage mainly tells us about______.‎ ‎ A. the history of Hanukkah and how it is celebrated ‎ B. why Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah ‎ C. why Jewish people protect their traditions ‎ D. the miracle of the holy oil in the Jewish temple 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共60分)‎ B.任务型阅读 (共10小题，每小题1分，计10分)‎ 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。‎ Starting a book club is easy—all you need is to love reading. Here’s how to get yours off to a flying start.‎ When you set up your book club, the first thing is to get members for your club. They could be friends, family, or those you know through different kinds of activities, but they should all love to read. A small group of seven to ten people is usually an ideal size for a book club. Too many make discussions difficult.‎ Once you have a group, agree on how often you want to meet—usually clubs meet monthly. Pick a date and stick with it. That way, members can easily plan for it. Send out emails a week before the meeting to give people a written reminder. Set meeting time length. An hour is a good start. Two hours usually does the trick.‎ Then, you need a good place. Libraries, parks and restaurants—all make good meeting places. For many clubs, homes are the best place as you don’t have to get dressed up, and noisy public places can make talking hard. If members bring a plate of food or a bottle, it can help start conversation.‎ Please don’t forget the most important thing— the book! Think about the books your club will enjoy. Fiction? Non-fiction? Your club can choose books in different ways. You can take turns to recommend books. Let everyone vote upon what book to read. Anyway, make sure to keep it light and fun.‎ After all this has been decided, your book club is ready. Now, it’s time to hold the first meeting. Enjoy your reading.‎ How to __66__ a book club ‎__67__ members l You can include those who share your __68__ for reading.‎ l It is not __69__ for seven to ten people to make discussions.‎ Setting the time l Send everyone an email to __70__ them of the monthly meeting beforehand.‎ l Decide on how __71__ the meeting will be: an hour is a good start.‎ Deciding __72__ to meet l You can meet in public places, __73__libraries, parks and restaurants.‎ l For many clubs, __74__ are the best place for meetings: relaxing and comfortable.‎ Choosing the books l Think about the books your club will enjoy.‎ l Decide on the __75__ of choosing books: allowing everyone to recommend or vote upon the books.‎ C.阅读与回答问题 (共5小题，每小题2分，计10分)‎ The Panama Canal --Connecting Oceans A short canal saves ships thousands of miles The Panama Canal (巴拿马运河) is an artificial 51-mile waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The idea for a Panama Canal dates back to the discovery of the Isthmus of Panama (巴拿马地峡) by Spanish explorer Vasco De Balboa in 1513. He discovered how narrow it was. Only 80.5 kilometres of land separated the Atlantic from the Pacific! The Spanish surveyed the area in hopes of building a canal. But the local government decided it was impossible.‎ ‎ Fast-forward to 1869, Ferdinand De Lesseps had completed the 163-km-long Suez Canal (苏伊士运河), a waterway linking Europe and Asia. France asked him to repeat his success at Panama. He agreed to have a try. When digging started in 1881, Ferdinand De Lesseps thought building a canal across Panama would be easy. But he didn't realize that digging in a jungle (丛林) would be so dangerous. Ferdinand De Lesseps and his team gave up their project after thousands of workers died from diseases caused by mosquitoes(蚊子). American President Theodore Roosevelt quickly took over where the French crew had left off. He bought the canal property (运河的所有权) and sent a team of workers to finish the project. Led by John Stevens, the American team got rid of the mosquitoes. This effort helped the team of nearly 40,000 workers to stay healthy and productive (富有成效的) . The team used powerful steam shovels (蒸汽挖土机) to make a path for the canal. But even with the help of such large equipment(装备), the work progressed slowly. Finally, after nearly 10 years of non-stop digging, the canal successfully opened in 1914.The story didn't make the headlines, though. The public was focused(专注) on World War I. Therefore the canal wasn't dedicated (举行落成典礼) until July 12, 1920. Since the canal first opened, more than 960,000 ships have traveled through it. The Panama Canal has become an important link in global（全球性的）shipping. A journey that used to take months now takes two weeks.‎ ‎76. How wide was the Isthmus of Panama which separated the Atlantic from the Pacific?‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎77. Who bought the Panama Canal property? ‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎78. What did the team use to make a path for the canal?（in no more than three words）‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎79. How long did it take people to complete the work on Panama Canal?（in no more than three ‎ words）‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎80. Why is the Panama Canal an important link in global shipping?‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ 五、词汇(共20小题，每小题1分，计20分)‎ A.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。 (每空限一词)‎ ‎81.A kind woman brought the poor girl two chicken (三明治) and a glass of milk.‎ ‎82. He was killed at the zebra crossing by a careless driver who went (通过) a red light.‎ ‎83.Every month, we will deliver the very best articles, (共同) with the latest fashion and beauty news.‎ ‎84.Her nails were painted bright red to (与…相配) her new dress.‎ ‎85.We all remember her as a quiet, (勤奋的) and well-spoken girl.‎ B.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。(每空限一词) ‎ ‎86. (luck), I brought my umbrella along, otherwise I would surely get wet.‎ ‎87.People worked hard to carry out the economic objectives(经济目标) of China’s ‎ ‎(twelve) Five-Year Plan.‎ ‎88.The Government gets our best support for having taken a step in this (direct).‎ ‎89.Some children in the villages must look after (they) because their parents work in ‎ the cities.‎ ‎90.You may consider it (use), but for our customers it's an important sign of good service.‎ C.根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。(每空限一词)‎ On March 14, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking（史蒂芬·霍金）, the world-famous British scientist, p 91 away at ‎76 in Cambridge, UK.‎ Hawking is considered by many to be the g 92 scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe (宇宙) began with the Big Bang (大爆炸) and will end in black holes. He also wrote books to help c 93 people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time (《时间简史》), which has sold more than 10 million c 94 around the world.‎ ‎ When Hawking was 21, he was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious illness that prevented him from w 95 and talking. B 96 this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled (身体残疾), one c 97 afford to be psychologically disabled(心理残疾) as well,” he once said.‎ ‎ He celebrated his s 98 birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon; when he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel i 99 space one day.‎ In 2013, Hawking spoke about h 100 he felt life was unfair（不公平的）when he was first diagnosed with his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said. ‎ 六、书面表达(共1题，计20分)‎ 如今，很多家长喜欢在社交网络上“晒”（post）自己孩子的照片，大家对其看法不一。请根据以下的思维导图提示，表述两种不同的观点，并在此基础上发表你自己的观点。‎ ‎ 要求：‎ ‎ ‎ Your opinions ‎ ….‎ Agreement Disagreement Opinions on posting children’s photos online ‎1.easier for parents to communicate with friends ‎2.have a lot of good ‎ memories ‎3.….‎ ‎1. be often used for advertisements without permission ‎2.may be tired of these photos ‎ ‎3…..‎ ‎ ‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，省略号部分必须适当扩充；书写规范，条理清楚，行文连贯;‎ ‎2. 不得出现真实的个人或学校等相关信息；‎ ‎3. 词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。参考词汇：attitude 态度 Nowdays, it is common for parents to post children’s photos online. People take different attitudes toward it. _____________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 初三英语答题纸 ‎（第II卷 非选择题 共60分）‎ B. 任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。‎ ‎66. __________ 67. __________ 68. __________ 69. __________ 70. __________‎ ‎71. __________ 72. __________ 73. __________ 74. __________ 75. __________‎ C. 阅读短文后回答问题。（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）‎ ‎76. ______________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎77. ______________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎78. ___________________________________________.（No more than three words）‎ ‎79. ___________________________________________.（No more than three words）‎ ‎80. ______________________________________________________________________.‎ 五、词汇（共20小题，每小题1分，计20分）‎ A.81. _________ 82. _________ 83. _________ 84. _________ 85. _________‎ B.86. _________ 87. _________ 88. _________ 89. _________ 90. _________‎ C.91. _________ 92. _________ 93. _________ 94. _________ 95. _________‎ ‎ 96. _________ 97. _________ 98. _________ 99. _________ 100. _________‎ 六、书面表达（20分）‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，省略号部分必须适当扩充；书写规范，条理清楚，行文连贯;‎ ‎2. 不得出现真实的个人或学校等相关信息；‎ ‎3. 词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。参考词汇：attitude 态度 Nowdays, it is common for parents to post children’s photos online. People take different attitudes toward it. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎