备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点26 完形填空之说明文 （学生版） 15页

考点 26 完形填空之说明文 一、命题特点分析： 1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节 的前提。 2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻 辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。 3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为 复杂。 4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事 物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。 5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 二、解题方法： 1. 快速弄清文章大意。 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往 生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻 辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支 持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节 的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和 词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则： （1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 （2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 （3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的 是不合语境逻辑的。 （4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。 （一） A picture is worth a thousand words, but it can’t always tell ___21___whole story. The sailor in the famous photo V-J Day in Times Square, George Mendonsa, died last month at age 95. ___22___Aug 14, 1945, when World War II ended, American photojournalist Alfred took his camera to the___23___of New York. In Times Square, people were celebrating the victory everywhere. “I saw a sailor___24___along the street grabbing（抓住）any and every girl in sight. Whether she was a grandmother, strong, thin, old, didn’t make a difference,” Alfred said. He then took the photo, which later became one of the most___25___photos in history. But Alfred forgot to ask for the pair’s___26___! Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the ___27___.The authors also___28___people in the background of the photo. They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a dentist’s assistant, was the woman pictured. Friedman,___29___died in 2016, said she didn’t mind the kiss, ___30___ it was quite sudden. “It was just somebody really celebrating… it wasn’t a romantic event. It was just…‘thank God the war is over.’” 21. A. a B. the C. an D. / 22. A. In B. Of C. At D. On 23. A. hospitals B. cinemas C. streets D. cafes 24. A. cycling B. going C. coming D. running 25. A. important B. famous C. interesting D. disappointed 26. A. jobs B. names C. numbers D. interests 27. A. sailor B. woman C. photo D. story 28. A. talked with B. listened to C. spoke up D. said to 29. A. whom B. what C. who D. which 30. A. if B. so C. although D. but （二） Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the most famous medical ___1___ in the 21st century. He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated ___2___ Beijing Medical College in 1960. In the first Chinese National Games, Zhong ___3___ the first place in men's 400-meter Hurdles(跨栏)and set up a new national record at time. In the spring of 2003, SARS broke out in China and all over the world, ___4___it is dangerous and hard, Zhong not only led but also took active part in the battle ____5____ SARS. People at that time knew ___6___ about SARS, Zhong and his team worked day and night treating patients. Through their hard work for several ___7___, they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped ___8___. Zhong ___9___as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. And now he is still working in Wuhan along with many young doctors. He ____10____ most of his time on the medical research and treating patients. He is a good doctor in countrymen eyes and respected by all the people in China. 1. A. scientists B. engineers C. officers 2. A. of B. in C. from 3. A. beat B. won C. lost 4. A. Unless B. But C. Although 5. A. against B. with C. about 6. A. few B. little C. much 7. A. days B. years C. months 8. A. in the end B. by the end C. at the end 9. A. considered B. is considered C. was considered 10. A. pays B. spends C. takes （三） When you were young, who flew kites with you in the park? Who taught you how ___1___ football? Who helped you work out ___2___ first difficult math problem? Who told you the difference between right and wrong? Your dad. Now it’s your turn to do something for him. This Sunday, June 18, is Father’s Day. So why not do something to thank your dad? This idea of Father’s Day ___3___ from an American lady called Sonora Dodd ___4___ 1909. She wanted a special day to honor her father. He raised six children by himself after his wife ___5___ during the birth of their sixth child. Sonora thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father ___6___ born on June 19. So she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, the US president Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June ___7___ Father’s Day. There are many ways to show your love and thanks to your father, such as sending him a greeting card. Usually fathers prefer cards ___8___ are not too emotional. So maybe you can choose one that will make him laugh happily. A small present, such as a photo of your family, can make him feel ___9___ . Send him flowers—the red rose is the official Father’s Day flower. If he has ___10___ iPad, cover it with words like “I love you, Dad!” 1. A. to play B. play C. played D. playing 2. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 3. A. have come B. came C. come D. will come 4. A. from B. at C. on D. in 5. A. die B. died C. dead D. death 6. A. are B. is C. was D. were 7. A. make B. was made C. is made D. was making 8. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 9. A. good B. well C. better D. best 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / （四） You must know Singles Day（Nov 11）in China. Many people, probably（可能）even your parents, stay ___11___ late that night. They go shopping online ___12___ big savings （省钱）. Well, the US has something like it ___13___ Black Friday. Black Friday is the ___14___after Thanksgiving. It fell on Nov 29 this year. It is one of the biggest shopping ___15___ in the US. People want to start shopping for Christmas gifts, so they go shopping on this day to ___16___ money. It’s called Black Friday ___17___ shops used to record（记录）sales with black ink（墨水）. So when there was a lot of black ink on a page, it meant the shop sold a lot. Shopping on Black Friday ___18___ place at actual（实体的）stores. It is ___19___ from Singles Day. People stand in line for hours. Sometimes they fight over things because there are only a few left. Televisions, computers and video game systems（电子游戏系统）are some of people’s favorite things to ____20____ . 11. A. up B. on C. in D. for 12. A. get B. gets C. got D. to get 13. A. call B. calls C. called D. calling 14. A. Saturday B. Friday C. Thursday D. Wednesday 15. A. day B. days C. week D. week 16. A. save B. make C. count D. return 17. A. so B. but C. because D. and 18. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 19. A. difference B. different C. same D. the same 20. A. buy B. buying C. see D. seeing （五） Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of ___36___care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it? I think finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and look after it to ___37___it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? A good friend doesn’t need to have much money or good looks, but he should be ___38___ and helpful. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should come to stay with you and make you ___39___. But things can not always be so pleasant. Even the best friends can have ___40___. What should you do when you have fights with your friends? You may talk to them or just write a letter to say ___41___ to them. Let me tell you three ways to be friends again. First, let him or her know ___42___you are feeling. Then you can tell your friend he or she is wrong. Third, tell him or her the ___43___ why you did this or that. If you don’t have a friend before, you had better think of having___44___ . As you know, friendship is the most___45___ thing in your life and life will be greater if you have friends. 36. A. take B. took C. taken D. taking 37. A. bring B. take C. make D. do 38. A. clever B. kind C. smart D. strong 39. A. happy B. unhappy C. sad D. bad 40. A. needs B. questions C. problems D. plans 41. A. sorry B. hello C. thanks D. goodbye 42. A. what B. how C. why D. that 43. A. fact B. question C. way D. reason 44. A. these B. one C. this D. that 45. A. boring B. serious C. funny D. necessary （一）【2020•四川省乐山市中考】 Do you like exercising in the sun? How much sunlight do you get every day? How much time do you spend in the ___16___ ? As we all know，enough sunlight is good for our health. It gives us strong bones（骨骼）and good eyesight. It makes us happy and sleep better. Now scientists find out that it can even make you ___17___ . Scientists did tests on mice. They give mice lots of sunlight. After that，the mice ___18___ a special thing named glutamic acid（谷氨酸）in their bodies. Glutamic acid does many things for our body. It can improve some of our abilities such as learning and remembering things. It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day. But you should be ___19___ because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon. Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon, or it may ___20___ your skin（皮肤）. It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset. Why not go out and enjoy the ___21___ with your family or your best friends? I'm sure you can be smarter soon. 16. A. moon B. sun C. night 17. A. smarter B. taller C. thinner 18. A. invent B. find C. produce 19. A. careful B. serious C. clever 20. A. shine B. burn C. dry 21. A. time B. air C. sunlight （二）【2020 •四川省成都市中考】 Now people can pay by scanning(扫描）their faces while shopping. Is it ___16___ to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies? Amazon has a new technology that scans ___17___. The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand. The scanner examines things such as finger prints. It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is. In September 2019, Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket. People can pay ___18___ by scanning their hands under a machine. Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully. It's quite convenient, especially for ___19___ people. With this new technology, people ___20___take their cards with them. They just scan their hands. 16. A. possible B. important C. strange 17. A. eyes B. faces C. hands 18. A. usually B. simply C. really 19. A. old B. poor C. smart 20. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't （三）【2020 •云南昆明中考】 Do you know what "paying it forward" means? It’s not paying for something before you buy it. "Paying it forward "is to do something nice for another person for no 36 . Then that person does something nice for someone else. You may think this doesn’t seem like much. But this nice act can spread quite 37. One day in December 2015, a woman was buying a meal at McDonald’s in Florida, US. She also 38 a meal for the person standing in line behind her. That person did the same thing, and the next person did it, 39. Soon, 250 people had done another person the act of 40! But you 41 spend money to pay for it forward. There are examples of paying it forward every day like volunteering, giving food to 42 or doing something nice for someone around you. Try it out for 43. All you have to do is to look for 44 things that you could do to make someone happy. Then, ask them to spread the word and do three kind things for someone else. And when someone does something nice for you, don’t 45 to do the same! 36. A space B. action C. reason 37. A. fast B. slowly C. hardly 38. A. made B bought C. sold 39. A. too B. either C. also 40.A madness B. politeness C. kindness 41.A. would like to B are supposed to C. don’t need to 42. the rich B. the homeless C. the missing 43. A myself B. yourself C. itself 44.A.small B. awful C. strange 45. agree B. forget C. decide （四）【2020·内蒙古通辽中考】 “We’re going to cut science class today. I know you want to come with us. Let’s go!” Maybe you’ve 26 one of the popular kids at school say something like this. So what do you do? Do you just give in and do what the other kids 27 , or do you go to class no matter what they say? Situations like this often come up. And it is not easy to make your own 28 when your friends want to do something you’re not quite sure about. Sometimes, you feel you should do something because everyone else is doing it, and it is 29 to go aga inst the majority. This is called “peer(同龄人) pressure” because peers are pressuring you to do what they want. Some people give in to peer pressure because they want to be more popular. Some worry that others will make fun of them 30 they don’t go along with the group. The 31 that “everyone is doing it” makes them follow the crowd. Sometimes peer pressure can be 32 if your peers encourage you to be a better person. But most peer pressure pushes you to do something you don’t really want to do. And it affects almost everyone without exception. So what can you do to 33 it? First of all, you should follow your own feelings and beliefs and be self-confident. When you are self-confident, you can say “no” to the people 34 to pressure you. It also helps to have a good friend who respects your beliefs. That way you won’t be 35 when you stand up to peer pressure. 26. A. made B. helped C. felt D. heard 27. A. complete B. control C. suggest D. avoid 28. A. friends B. rules C. search D. decision 29. A. slow B. hard C. clear D. useful 30. A. unless B. until C. if D. although 31. A. doubt B. idea C. hope D. promise 32. A. good B. common C. serious D. strong 33. A. free B. show C. deal with D. talk about 34. A. failing B. trying C. learning D. refusing 35. A. alone B. lucky C. quiet D. popular （五）【2020 •上海中考】 How to Succeed in High School You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school , and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say “ 75 ” to middle school. After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you can’t 76 others all the time. What can you do? Here are some suggestions: :Understand what kind of learner you are. Do you need silence to focus? Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying. Provide yourself with a 77 learning environment at home. Some students focus better in the morning; others at night. Find the right 78 so that your efforts will work well. ·Learn to be better organized. It might be helpful when you get used to making a to-do-list of all your schoolwork, and checking each item off when it is completed. Try to 79 your work. This will create smaller, more manageable tasks out of the larger ones. Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step. ·Form good reading habits. Read every day — the more, the better. It doesn’t matter what you read. Reading newspaper regularly is a good choice. Newspapers provide plenty of details and background. 80 , information you get from newspapers is usually official and true. High school life can be enjoyable. Old friendships might come undone and new ones will develop. Hope you will feel confident and perform well in high school! 75. A. hello B. bye-bye C. sorry D. thanks 76. A. care for B. depend on C. compete with D. worry about 77. A. warm B. clean C. quiet D. safe 78. A. time B. place C. habit D. skill 79. A .divide B. finish C. remember D. correct 80. A. For example B. In brief C. On average D. In addition （一）【2020 •安徽省合肥市二模】 Running is a good exercise. It helps____41____strong hearts and lungs（肺）.It also helps most people____42____and keep fit. Running wasn't so popular____43____.In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes（运动员）and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used ____44____,"Hey, what's the hurry for?" or they might say to ____45____, "Is he crazy?" At that time, women almost ____46____ran. But today all these have____47____.Men and women of all ages enjoy____48____. Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the world, you can see people running-men and women, old and young. People run ____49____-along the beaches or river banks, in parks, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people _____50_____run in their living room. Now, if you are a sofa potato, please stand up and join running! You are sure to live a better life. 41. A. build B. builds C. building D. built 42. A. eat less B. put on weight C. lose weight D. exercise more 43. A. now B. all the time C. in the past D. from time to time 44. A. to say B. to ask C. to speak D. to talk 45. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 46. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. often 47. A. stopped. B. worked C. changed D. done 48. A. run B. running. C. laugh D. laughing 49. A. somewhere B. anywhere. C. everywhere D. nowhere 50. A. still B. even C. just D. only （二）【2020 •安徽省芜湖市三模】 Life in the 22nd century will be different from life in the 21th century, because many changes will take place in the new century. But what will the changes be? The population is ___31___ fast. There will be more and more people in the world and most of them will live ___32___ than before. ___33___ will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects at ___34___. People will work fewer hours than they did in the 21th century, and they will have more free time for sports, ___35___ TV and traveling. Traveling will be more ___36___. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays. More land will be used for building new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so ___37___ will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day, ___38___ they eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier. Work in the future will be ___39___, too. Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots. ___40___ of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem. 31. A. making B. growing C. running D. doing 32. A. longer B. shorter C. faster D. taller 33. A. Trains B. Cars C. Computers D. Houses 34. A. factory B. hospital C. farm D. school 35. A. watching B. seeing C. 1ooking D. buying 36. A. interesting B. convenient C. expensive D. difficult 37. A. fruit B. milk C. meat D. bread 38. A. instead B. sometimes C. still D. however 39. A. dangerous B. difficult C. heavy D. different 40. A. One B. Some C. Because D. All （三）【2020 •安徽省芜湖市三模】 A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and___41___ their eyes. Several hours later, they ___42___ again. Strange, isn’t it? Sleep puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can’t fall asleep. They are not so sure ___43___ causes sleep.The best conditions for sleep are good health and meal which is ___44___ too big nor too small. No worries and a comfortable place can help you fall asleep___45___.They don’t think it’s good for two people to sleep in one bed. Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you move often. You would feel ___46___if you didn’t. You also dream. Parts of your brain are still ___47___when you dream. Dreaming happens when the ___48___and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. In your dream, you can see things that happened ___49___or people you met before and you might even see things that never happen or people you never meet in your real life. Many scientists say ___50___ have shown that most of us dream in colour. Bad dreams may be caused by a stomachache. Don’t worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while the writers slept. 41. A. close B. open C. opened D. closed 42. A. get on B. wake up C. fall asleep D. go to bed 43. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 44. A. both B. none C. either D. neither 45. A. slowly B. heavily C. hardly D. easily 46. A. sad B. tired C. angry D. excited 47. A. away B. asleep C. awake D. afraid 48. A. memory B. education C. attention D. knowledge 49. A. on holiday B. in the past C. in the future D. at the moment 50. A. pictures B. newspaper C. experiments D. suggestions （四）【2020 •福建省泉州市中考二模】 The Hollies are a British rock group. They once sang. "All I need is the air that I breathe." The ___16___ could have been referring to air plants. There are more than 650 types of air plants. All of them can grow ___17___ soil. Air plants get all the water and what else they need through their leaves. They use their roots only for ___18___ themselves to rocks, trees and the ground. Air plants are easy to grow. They are perfect for ___19___ who don't have much time to care for their houseplants. However, there are still a few rules to ___20___ when growing air plants. One of the most important things is - air! Fresh and clean air keeps your plants happy. ___21___ they are called "air plants", they still need water, fertilizer(肥料)and light to live. Air plants need a little water two to three times a week. They need nutrients ___22___ -that is to say, they should be fertilized once in several days. ___23___ sunlight is very necessary, too. Although air plants love warm weather, most of them need protection from full sun. If taken good care of, they will live for over ten years. Air plants can clean air and they are usually ___24___ simple art at home, for they can grow almost everywhere, except in soil or in water. They are often placed in glass containers and ____25____ up in the rooms. Each air plant will flower once in its lifetime. Its flowering can last from some days to many months. 16. A. story B. song C. report 17. A. in B. under C. without 18. A. fixing B. sending C. blowing 19. A. them B. those C. that 20. A. compare B. choose C. follow 21. A. While B. Until C. When 22. A. daily B. weekly C. yearly 23. A. Enough B. Little C. Hot 24. A. made of B. divided into C. made into 25. A. hung B. hanged C. hanging （五）【2020 •广州省珠海市香洲区中考二模】 Technology and digital development have changed people’s living styles these years. People show all kinds of things on the Internet which_____1_____ their interests, such as good food, nice clothes and so on. Among all the activities, now showing___2___ steps is becoming more and more popular. People are finding it important to be in good health. To keep_____3_____, many people go to work on foot. When they are walking, the step counter app in_____4_____ phones can record how many steps they walk that day. After walking, some people show themselves off on WeChat. This can make them____5____ from each other and keep exercising. “This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said. “I can also talk about ______6______ to keep fit with my friends on WeChat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.” Mr.Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was_____7_____ lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. Sometimes there are prizes for _____8_____walk more steps. I really like it,” he said. “Walking is_____9_____ useful and relaxing way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. ”Mr. Wang, a_____10_____ teacher said. “Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the result can inspire people to be more interested in walking. 1. A. are based B. is based C. basing D. are basing 2. A. a number of B. the numbers of C. the number of D. numbers of 3. A. heal B. health C. healthy D. healthily 4. A. they B. them C. theirs D. their 5. A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learnt 6. A. what B. how C. why D. where 7. A. kind of B. different kinds of C. a kind of D. kinds of 8. A. ones who B. those who C. ones which D. those that 9. A. an B. / C. a D. the 10. A. 30 year old B. 30-years-old C. 30-year-olds D. 30-year-old （六）【2020 •山东省青岛市莱西市中考一模】 If you’re a teen who thinks you need expensive gym membership to get into shape, think again. You likely have all the equipment you need right in your own ___1___. Your home is full of opportunities to develop your muscles and get fit. Start early in the morning to refresh yourself and you'll be full of energy all day. ___2___ you get out of bed, move the pillow from under your head and do a set of 20 sit-ups. With your heart beating ___3___, get up and do 20 jumping jacks (开合跳). Stretch (伸展) for five minutes to further ___4___ up your muscles, and then run slowly in place for a full minute. Besides, add weight exercise to your daily exercise for ___5___ calories. Place weights (哑铃) on the floor in front of your feet. Keep your back straight and your head up, bend your knees and pick up the weights for an overhead press. Bend your arms and push the weights straight ___6___ your head. Lower the weights to shoulder ___7___ and then lift and lower them for 8 to 12 times. Don't get bored with your home workout ___8___ doing the same exercises for too long. Pick up a jump rope and ___9___ for two minutes. With your heart beating faster, run in place for ____10____ two minutes. Drop to the floor and do "spidermen". Place your hands on the floor under your shoulders and stretch your legs out behind you with the weight on your toes. Try these indoor activities and get fit! From: https: //www.livestrong.com 1. A. home B. school C. classroom D. hand 2. A. When B. Until C. Before D. After 3. A. higher B. harder C. less D. louder 4. A. look B. stay C. warm D. put 5. A. recycling B. helping C. inventing D. burning 6. A. along B. above C. inside D. beside 7. A. height B. body C. weight D. size 8. A. without B. to C. instead D. by 9. A. swim B. lie C. jump D. relax 10. A. other B. more C. else D. another