中考英语语法复习专题3 冠词复习课件 28页

第 3 课 冠词 冠 词 中考对冠词的考查主要为： 1. 冠词的基本用法； 2. 不用冠词 的情况； 3. 习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。 Ⅰ. 冠词的定义 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前，用来说明名词所表示的 人或事物。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。 要点梳理 Ⅱ. 冠词的用法 1 ．不定冠词 a, an 的用法 (1) 不定冠词表泛指单数的某人或某物。 (2) 不定冠词 a 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前； 不定冠 词 an 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如： a useful book; a desk; an old man; an actor; an “m” 。 (3) 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如： There is a book on the desk, but the book isn’t mine. (4) 表示人或事物的某一类。如： An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (5) 用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的 意思，相当于 every 。如： three times a week. (6) 某些固定短语与不定冠词有搭配关系。如： have a good; time; a few; a little; half an hour 等。 2 ．定冠词 the 的用法 (1) 定冠词 the, 用来特指某人或某物， 双方都知道的人或物的 名词前， 或用于第二次提到的某人或某物。如： Open the door, please. There is a kite on the wall. The kite is new. (2) 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。如： the sun; the moon; the earth; the sky (3) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如： March is the third month of a year. He is the cleverest boy in his class. (4) 用在某些形容词前， 表示一类人。如： the rich; the poor; the young; the old 等。 (5) 用在乐器名词前。如： play the violin (6) 用在表示方位的名词前。如： in the east/north/west/south (7) 用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜 古迹等专有名词前。如： the Yellow River; the Great Wall; the West Lake; the White House 等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或一个家庭。如： the Greens; the Whites 等。 (9) 用于形容词或副词比较级等构成“ the...the... ” 的句式中， 表示“越 …… 越 ……” 。如： The more, the better. (10) 用于一些固定搭配中。如： look the same; in the end; in the afternoon 等。 3 ．不用冠词的情况 (1) 有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。 如： China; Japanese; milk; love 等。 (2) 名词前已有作定语用的 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代词时，不用冠词。 如： This is my ruler. (3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时， 不用冠词。 如： They are teachers. (4) 称呼语前不用冠词， 表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加 冠词。 如： I don’t feel well today, Mum. (5) 一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词前，球类活动。如： I have lunch at home. He often plays soccer after class. Science is my favorite subject. (6) 在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如： Teachers’ Day; Mother’s Day; on Monday; in May; in summer 等。 (7) 在某些固定搭配里， 名词之前常不用冠词。如： by bus; on foot; at home; at night; go to school; from morning till night 等。 感悟中考 【 例 1】 　 (2011 金华 ) My mother is ________ English teacher in No. 2 Middle School. A. a B. the C. an D. / 解析：本题考查不定冠词的用法。以元音音素开头的单词前要用不定冠词 an ，故选 C 。 C 【 例 2】 　 (2011 河北 ) She learned to play ________ piano all by herself. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 解析： 本题考查定冠词的用法。 在乐器名词前要用定冠词 the 。故选 C 。 C 【 例 3】 　 (2011 嘉兴、舟山 ) — Who’s that lovely girl? — You mean ________ girl with long hair? That’s Kate. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。在特指的名词前用定冠词。根据句意“那长头发的女孩”，因此 girl 前用 the 。故选 C 。 C 【 例 4】 　 (2010 丽水 ) Many people think that 2012 is one of ________ most successful films. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。形容词最高级前面要用定冠词 the 。故选 C 。 C 【 例 5】 　 (2010 杭州 ) — Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? — Yes. I’ve had ________ wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. an 解析：本题考查固定短语与不定冠词搭配的关系。 have a wonderful time 玩的高兴。故选 B 。 B 【 例 6】 　 (2011 衢州 ) Justin Bieber is ________ Canadian singer and he has lots of fans. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 解析：本题考查不定冠词与定冠词的区别。根据题意 Justin Bieber 是一个加拿大歌手，应用不定冠词表泛指， Canadian 以辅音音素开头须用 a 。故选 A 。 A 【 例 7】 　 (2011 宿迁 ) Lily is ________ active girl and she is fond of playing ________ volleyball. A. an; a B. a; the C. an ； / D. a ； / 解析： 本题考查不定冠词及不用冠词的情况。根据句意“ Lily 是一个活泼的女孩”，应用表泛指的不定冠词，且 active 以元音开头，则选 an ；球类活动前不用冠词，故选 C 。 an / Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. English is ________ international language. (2011 芜湖 ) A. a B. an C ． / D. the 解析：考查冠词。 language 是可数名词； international 是以元音音素开头的单词。 不定冠词 an 在这里指事物某一类。 领悟语法 B ( ) 2. We usually go to ________ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to ________ cinema at weekends. (2011 天津 ) A. 不填； the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 解析：考查冠词。 go to school 固定用法， go to a/the cinema 也是固定用法， a/the cinema 表示一类事物。 A ( ) 3. We will see ________ even stronger China in ________ near future. (2011 无锡 ) A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a 解析：考查冠词 in the near future“ 在不久的将来”是个固定搭配； even 是以元音因素开头的词，故选 B 。 B ( ) 4. — What are you going to be when you grow up, Sam? — ________ teacher like you. (2011 台州 ) A. A B. An C. The D ． / 解析：考查冠词。 a 修饰以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词； an 修饰以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。 the 表特指。句意为“你长大了打算干什么？”“像你一样做一位老师。”故选 A 。 A ( ) 5. — Look at ________ skirt. I bought it for mother on Mother’s Day, isn’t it nice? — Oh, what ________ nice present ！ (2011 黄石 ) A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D ． a; 不填 解析：考查冠词。特指这条裙子用冠词 the; 感叹句中只能用不定冠词不能用定冠词。 C ( ) 6. This novel can make you laugh and cry at ________ same time. (2011 上海 ) A. a B. an C. the D. / 解析：考查固定短语。 at the same time 意为“同时”，该句意为“这本小说能同时让你笑和哭”。故选 D 。 D ( ) 7. Let’s have ________ break; I want to make ________ telephone call. (2011 包头 ) A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 解析：考查固定短语的构成。 have a break 是固定搭配，意为“休息一下”； make a telephone call 也是固定搭配，意为“打电话”。 故选 A 。 A ( ) 8. ________ are planning to go on vacation. (2011 乌鲁木齐 ) A. Black’s B. A Black’s C. The Black’s D. The Blacks 解析：考查冠词。 the 加姓的复数形式表示“一家人”。 D ( ) 9. — How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? — It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train. (2011 呼和浩特 ) A. an; a B. a ; an C. an ； / D. a ； / 解析：考查冠词。 hour [auə] 第一个字母 h 不发音，所以一小时应用 an hour; by 介词，当交通工具前无修饰词时，用介词 by 且名词前不用冠词。 C ( ) 10. Which of the following phonetic transcription( 音标 ) is right for the phrase “the egg” ？ (2011 杭州 ) A. /ðə 　 eg/ B. /ði 　 eg/ C. /θi 　 eg/ D. /di 　 eg/ 解析：考查定冠词。定冠词 the 在元音因素前发 [ði] 而不发 [ðə] 。 [e] 是元音，故选 B 。 B 提高题 Ⅱ. 根据上下文或中文意思填入所缺单词 Reading book is a good ( 爱好 ) for all kinds of reasons. First, reading is funny. You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading. This is especially useful when the ( 天气 ) is bad. It is a relaxing hobby, too. You can really become lost in a book. Next, you can read book almost anywhere: in a car, in a waitingroom, on a plane, in bed—even in the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again. hobby books weather a Another good ( 原因 ) for reading books is that is useful. If you read as a hobby, you will get better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and will become better at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your school work becomes much easier. Many school ( 功课 ) depend on good reading and, as you read, you learn more and more. Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a , and the better you read, better your computer skills will be. Reading is hardly out of date! reason subjects computer the Good ( 读者 ) are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby, one of best. What other hobbies could be more useful, or more enjoyable? readers the 完成考点跟踪训练 24