北京市中考真题分类汇编阅读理解CD篇专题答案不全 20页

北京市2009年—2019年10年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解CD篇专题 ‎2019中考 C Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能) . This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.‎ The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.‎ ‎“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.” Says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study, “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”‎ The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.‎ Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.‎ Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.‎ Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.‎ Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.‎ ‎27. The second paragraph is mainly about .‎ A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study ‎ C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study ‎ ‎28. The word “prompt” in paragraph 6 probably means “ “.‎ A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change ‎29. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.‎ B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.‎ C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.‎ D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.‎ D We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.‎ When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.‎ The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it，‎ Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for our own good.‎ Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.‎ Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!‎ Self-improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge.‎ ‎ And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.‎ ‎30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .‎ A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.‎ B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.‎ C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.‎ D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.‎ ‎31. What is the key to solving Jane’s problem?‎ A. She needs to remember why she started.‎ B. She has to know how to get on with people.‎ C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.‎ D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.‎ ‎32. The writer probably agrees that .‎ A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves.‎ B. people change when they find it easy to do that.‎ C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.‎ D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.‎ ‎33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is it important to take things light?‎ B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?‎ C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?‎ D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?‎ ‎2019北京中考 C Buying Is Doing?‎ How important is shopping to you? How much time do you spend buying things? And how much time do you spend organizing these things in your home? In the future, how much time will you spend in movie theaters, at amusement parks, at shopping malls, or at convenience stores? When you add it all up, you will probably see you spend a lot of your life consuming（消费）things. Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.‎ Imagine that you have a week off from school. You don’t have to go to class. However, in this week, you cannot spend any money ----- no shopping, no movies, no eating out. How would you ‎ spend your time? What things would bring you happiness? Perhaps you would take a walk with your best friend. Perhaps you would help a child read. Or you might spend time with your family.‎ When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why? Non-consuming activities are active, not passive. They don’t come in a package. You make　the experience yourself. For example, each person who reads to a child will have a different experience. The experience changes with the reader, the child, and the book. Similarly, when you have a conversation with a　friend, you are actively creating an experience. The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be　experienced or recreated by anyone else. However, if you watch a movie with a friend, you will each have a　package experience. It requires no action and little interaction between the two of you.‎ The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences. We feel that we must consume　because we believe that buying is doing. However, we can start a personal revolution （ 变革） against　consumerism. How? By consuming less. We can ask ourselves what experiences bring us the greatest　satisfaction. Then we can organize our lives so that we have more of those kinds of experiences.‎ ‎49. If consuming products takes too much time, we should ____________.‎ ‎　A. spend less money 　 B. think about it carefully ‎　C. organize our things 　D. go to convenience stores ‎50. According to the passage, the writer believes that _____________.‎ ‎　A. we can say no to consumerism by consuming less ‎　B. buying things can bring us the greatest satisfaction ‎　C. the environment seldom influences our shopping choices ‎　D. consuming experiences will be our most important memories ‎51. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?‎ ‎　A. To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time.‎ ‎　B. To encourage people to have more active experiences.‎ ‎　C. To explain reasons behind people’s shopping behavior.‎ ‎　D. To share his personal experience in consuming products.‎ D篇 Say you’re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game’s easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says.The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.‎ You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure（同伴压力）, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.‎ We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.‎ According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making ‎ decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control　risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.‎ Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A　teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his　or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or　try out for sports.‎ While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.‎ ‎52. According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens ____________.‎ ‎　A. like to play driving games with their friends ‎　B. prefer situations where they have time to think ‎　C. may take more risks when their friends are around ‎　D. are slow in making decisions when they are on their own ‎53. The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “_________”.‎ ‎　A. when teens avoid possible risks 　 B. when teens trust their judgment ‎　C. when teens lose control over their anger 　D. when teens give consideration to situations ‎54. What can we learn from the passage?‎ ‎　A. Teens are eager to be different from their peers.‎ ‎　B. Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults.‎ ‎　C. Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens.‎ ‎　D. Tees think it challenging to get good grades at school.‎ ‎55. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎　A. Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It?‎ ‎　B. Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It?‎ ‎　C. Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend Making ‎　D. Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 49BAB 52CCBD ‎2019北京中考 C Are You Right Handed or Left Handed？‎ Which hand do you use when write？About 8to 15percent of people are left handed．They often have to use tools that are designed for right﹣handed people．So it is difficult for left﹣handers to use most tools．If you are right handed，try this experiment：Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces．Don't be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）．‎ In the past，people thought it was strange to use the left hand．Young students looked down upon their left﹣handed classmates．Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write．But these days parents and teachers have accepted that．In almost every school in the world，left﹣handed students can use their left hand to write．‎ What causes people to be left handed or right handed？Experts have searched long and hard on ‎ this．They conclude（得出结论） that left﹣handed people are left handed for the same reason that right﹣handed people are right handed．One out of every ten people just is a left﹣hander．It's simply like the color of our eyes﹣some people have brown eyes，while some others have black eyes．‎ However，may researchers think that left﹣handers and right﹣handers are different in some aspects．Right﹣handers are more talkative and outgoing than left﹣handers．Many right﹣handed people understand spoken words better．For example，after they listen to directions to a supermarket，they can find it easily．Right﹣handers are good at organizing people，too．They are also better basketball guards．Just ask Yao Ming．‎ Research shows that left﹣handers are creative and artistic．Many famous performers，like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney，are left handed．Many left﹣handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）．In art，both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed．In music，Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed．In science，you find Newton and Einstein．The left﹣handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports．‎ If you prefer one hand，but you are still good at writing with the other，you are mixed．Research shows mixed﹣handers can remember everyday things better than other people．What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago？If you're mixed handed，you can probably remember．‎ ‎49．If right﹣handers cut up potatoes with there left hand，they will　 　．‎ A．get hurt B．give up cutting C．feel awkward D．change their tools ‎50．What is Paragraph 2mainly about？　 　‎ A．Causes of being left handed． B．Encouragement to left﹣handers C．Punishment for using the left hand． D．Changes in opinions on left﹣handers．‎ ‎51．According to the passage，right﹣handers　 　．‎ A．learn better visually B．are good organizers C．are better at single sports D．give clear directions to others ‎52．From the passage，we can learn that left﹣handers　 　．‎ A．may be more talkative and outgoing B．are ordinary people like right﹣handers C．might remember everyday things better D．no longer need to use right﹣handed tools．‎ ‎ D Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored？‎ Children need time to stand and stare．They should be allowed to get bored so that they can develop their ability to be creative．‎ Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time．However，research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination，while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity．‎ Boredom is often linked with loneliness，but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped here in developing her mind．She told researchers about her childhood．Having few things to do，Syal often talked with her neighbors．She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes．"But importantly，I thought and wrote a lot，because I was bored，"Syal said．She kept a diary，filling here time with short stories and poems she made up．‎ Grayson Perry，an artist，grew up in a family with little money．He enjoyed himself by making up stories，drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library．Bored but free，he spent hours looking out of the window，watching the changing clouds and seasons．Perry filled up his free time with what he liked．He became creative，because he could think freely．‎ Dr．Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning．"Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling，"she said．"But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively．So sometimes they may break a classroom window，or drive a car out for a mad race．"‎ Usually，when children have nothing to do，they would turn on the TV，the computer，or the phone．Their time on these things has increased，yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them．‎ It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination．On the other hand，the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process．That can be harmful to the development of creativity．"For developing the ability to be creative，"Dr．Belton advised，"perhaps we need to stand and stare，and stay off﹣line from time to time．"‎ ‎53．What does the word"hamper"in Paragraph 2probably mean？　 　‎ A．Slow down．B．Keep up with．C．Go beyond．D．Give rise to．‎ ‎54．The writer talks about Syal and Perry to　 　．‎ A．stress the great differences between them B．introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C．suggest good ways of going through boredom D．show effects of boredom on developing creativity ‎55．What can we learn from the passage？　 　‎ A．Boredom provides children with space to think freely．‎ B．It's much better for children to be busy than be bored．‎ C．Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly．‎ D．It's boring for children to think about their experiences．‎ ‎ 49 CDBD 53 ADA ‎2019北京中考 C Do you enjoy visiting a museum？Did you ever make a plan before a visit？Every museum must have something that attracts you．And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum．‎ If you follow these steps below，you'll know what is worth seeing and doing，so that you can make the most of your time at the museum．‎ Decide what museum you will visit．There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like．It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!‎ Do some research online．Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it．On the website，you may look for such things as：‎ ‎•The exhibits（展品）﹣See what is on show at the museum at all times，and what special exhibitions are held for a short time．‎ ‎•The history of the museum﹣There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors（捐赠者）．That can make your visit more interesting．‎ ‎•Activities﹣See whether there are talks，tours our special activities on the day when you visit．Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups．‎ ‎•Cost，food or shortage﹣It's important how much the visit will cost．You have to decide whether or not you can eat there．You might also need to find out transportation needs，as well as storage for coats，bags etc．‎ Learn at least one thing on your visit．It is always good to take away something new from your visit．‎ Plan breaks into your visit．When you walk around，standing here and studying exhibits there，you may become very tired．So it is important to take breaks．A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in museum．‎ Take a friend or two．Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else．You can talk over what you're seeing．A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibit．‎ ‎49．According to the passage，we should first　 　．‎ A．do some research online B．make a plan for lunch D．decide on a museum to visit D．choose a friend to go with ‎50．To make our visit more interesting，we can　 　．‎ A．organize activities like special shows and talks B．read the stories about exhibits and benefactors C．learn about the interests of all age groups D．walk around the museum without breaks ‎51．If we visit a museum with friends，we can　 　．‎ A．share the experience with them B．come up with strange ideas C．cut down the cost of the visit D．discuss the next visit plan．‎ ‎ 49ABA 52ABC D 篇;New Technology Revolutionizes（变革） Learning More and more people believe that technologies are great for learning．Today，such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses，including language，history and science．‎ Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning．They say that students now have much moe time for discussion in the classroom．Instead of spending valable class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos，students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion．‎ The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace．Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understandit，so they can save time for doing other things．Other students，however，might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it．Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces．‎ The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy．They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn （such as listening to stories and watching movies）．The ‎ class has become much more interesting and creative．‎ There are other advantages for students．By using iPads，they can pay more attention to the material and learn more．Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find．Some students spend more time studying now．"I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus，instead of having to wait until I get home，"a student explained．‎ Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students．They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams．Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other．If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad，he will have fewer opportunities to have face﹣to﹣face communication with others．‎ However，technologies are already a part of most students'day﹣to﹣day lives．As for cheating，teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams．Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part．We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom．‎ ‎52．What does the exprssion"at their own pace"in Paragraph 3probably mean？　 　‎ A．According to their own timetable． B．Without their teachers'help．‎ C．Because of their wonderful goals． D．Against their parents'hope．‎ ‎53．From the passage we can learn that　 　．‎ A．students with iPads have less discussion in class B．students get more fun from learning with iPads C．iPads help students save time waiting for buses D．iPads prevent students from cheating in exams ‎54．The writer probably agrees that　 　．‎ A．teachers can take control of students' learning B．exam results depend a lot on now technology C．technology in education has a bright future D．note﹣taking is as helpful as video﹣watching．‎ ‎2019北京中考 C Have you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.‎ Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves. Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But it goes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other people with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair.‎ We seem to believe that people with similar habits or hobbies will share similar attitude and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves or even, we think we may be safer with people who look like us. Sometimes that’s true but it's a pity if we always stick to the same people, the same group. The danger in always staying in our comfort zone (舒适区)is that we just recycle the same opinions, the same tastes and the same ideas. We lose the chance to learn something new, find out about interesting things, hear funny stories and discover difference.
‎ When we always stick to the same people, how can we ever break down the barriers which ‎ prevent us from getting to know people with different ideas? And how can we avoid the ignorance (无知),which too often leads to prejudice (偏见) and even fear? If instead you want to live in a society that opens to changes and new things and different opinions, be the cat among the pigeons.‎ Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. And don't just sit there in silence. Say hello. Ask a question. Start a conversation. That’s how we make friends. That’s how we learn about people. That’s how we open our minds to new ideas. That's how we live an exciting life.‎ ‎53. From the passage, we know that people prefer sitting by someone who ‎ A. is like themselves B. has a sense of humor
‎ C. is open-minded D. lives an exciting life ‎54. People like staying in their comfort zone because they may ‎ A.remain comfortable and special B. be accepted easily and feel safe ‎ C.find out more interesting things D. discover differences among themselves ‎55. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To tell us just to be ourselves in social life. ‎ B. To introduce ways to learn about the world.‎ C. To explain how people communicate with others. ‎ D. To encourage us to meet people of different kinds.‎ D Teens want structure in their lives, which means they want their lives well-planned. To begin building structure, teens need love and trust. They need to know their parents arc there to give them needed love and support (支持).Teens want to be sure that nothing can prevent parents from shouldering their responsibility for them — not their growing maturity (成熟),misbehavior, nor anger at something they have done. Teens want parents to keep control while allowing them to make some decisions.‎ There are some ways you can help your teens create reasonable structure and remain close. One way is to spend time together. Parents often mistake their teens’ increased interest in friends for a disinterest in the family.‎ Teens would like to spend more time doing things with their parents, but watching TV is not counted as spending time together. As your teens mature, it is important for you and your teens spend time alone together, one to one. Your teens need time to talk to you alone without any other family member present.‎ Talk with your teens about their interests and concerns. Make sure you really show interest in what is happening. When talking with your teens, give full attention and do not stop them.‎ The way to help your teens become adults is to let your teens into your world. Sharing your emotions and concerns with your teens is important. Avoid causing needless worry.‎ Trust your teens. Don't expect the worst. Hope for the best. Telling your teens you don’t like their friends will cause the teens not to bring their friends home. If something should go wrong, believe that your teens didn’t do it on purpose.‎ It is very important that you treat your teens with respect. Teens need the same respect adults show for total strangers. Don’t talk down to your teens.‎ You need to be supportive o f your teens. What may be a small problem to you may be troubling to your teens. Teens don't have the experiences that adults have had. Let the teens know that you understand how much it hurts when something happens that is upsetting or hurtful to them.‎ ‎ As they mature, they can look back at some problems they had and laugh at having been upset by something that now seems unimportant.‎ The most important things to remember are: talk with your teens, listen to their worries and offer suggestions when needed. This will help your teens to live a well-organized life.‎ ‎56. According to Paragraph 1, teens ______________. A. can control themselves . B. expect direction and freedom . C. don’t know how to make decision D. don’t have responsibility for the family ‎57. The underline part “counted as” in Paragraph 3 probably means “____”. A. compared with B. used as C. connected with D. regarded as ‎58. To help teens organize their lives , parents should __________. A. invite their teens’ friends home . B. leave their teens’ problems alone . C. share their feelings with their teens . D. pay little attention to their teens’ daily lives .‎ ‎59. What is the best title of the passage ? A. Training Teens to Become Responsible Adults . B. Helping Teens to Build Reasonable Structure . C. Improving the Relationship with Your Teens . D. Stepping into Your Teens’ Secret Word .‎ C篇：ABD D篇：BDCB ‎2019北京中考 C Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions, feelings,attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn't infringe（侵犯） the rights of others.‎ Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs above those of others. If someone says or does something that we don't like, we should just be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.‎ Why is Assertiveness important?‎ If you don't know how to be assertive, you might experience:‎ ‎•Depression - Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over ‎ your life.‎ ‎•Resentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you.‎ ‎•Frustration - Why did I allow that to happen?‎ Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than in others. This makes perfect sense. It's a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship is to you, the more important it is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads to increased respect from others！‎ But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you can live with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in a positive response (积极的回应)，some people might react differently.‎ How to be effectively（有效地） assertive:‎ ‎•Use "I" statements. Keep the focus on the problem you're having. "I'd like to be able to tell my ‎ stories without interruption." instead of "You're always interrupting my stories ! "‎ ‎•Use facts, not opinions. "Did you know that shirt has a hole?" instead of "You're not going out looking like THAT, are you?"‎ ‎•Express ownership of your thoughts, feelings, and opinions. "I get angry when he breaks his promises. " instead of "He makes me angry. "‎ ‎• Make clear and direct requirements. Don't invite the person to say no. "Will you please?" instead of 'Would you mind．．．?" or "Why don't you．．．?"‎ ‎•Keep repeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don't try to explain yourself.‎ ‎53. The writer probably agrees that____________.‎ A. you should consider others' response before you act assertively B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others' rights .‎ D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings ‎54. The expression "hold yourｇround" probably means “_________________”‎ A. reach an agreement B. insist on your point C. keep your word D. keep on fighting ‎55. Which of the following helps you to be effectively assertive?‎ A. Explaining yourself in a soft and sweet voice.‎ B. Expressing ownership of others' thoughts.‎ C. Making requirements directly and clearly.‎ D. Using your opinions instead of facts.‎ D ‎ The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions (头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed the lead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey's greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country's children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.‎ The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don't enjoy that environment.‎ For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2019-2019 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory(强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more "touch" - without real bodychecking - from 9 t0 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it's possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It's worth the try.‎ Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it's hard to change a sports culture so connected with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been used to try to separate a player from his head rather than from the ball. Children were paying a ‎ price for this country's love of the game.‎ There are always changes in Canada's game, and the change in the bodychecking age sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount(至上的) in the game.‎ ‎56. We can tell that the problem of bodychecking in Canada____________.‎ A. is controlled strictly B. is taken more seriously now C. is caused by players' carelessness D. is connected with players' interest ‎57. What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 2?‎ A. The safe ways of controlling the loss.‎ B. The steps of drawing special attention.‎ C. The possible results of changing the rules.‎ D. The methods of improving the environment.‎ ‎58. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. The USA found a safer way to teach bodychecking.‎ B. Bodychecking-education programs in the USA are successful.‎ C. Bodychecking is a good way to value players' skills in the USA.‎ D. The USA has tried to create an environment of less bodychecking.‎ ‎59. What is probably the best title' for this passage?‎ A. Which is more important?‎ B. How do we change the rules?‎ C. Why is hockey a dangerous game?‎ D. When should bodychecking be prevented? C篇: ABC    D篇:BCDA ‎ ‎2019北京中考 C The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you’ll agree that the name and the product are connected in the everyone’s mind.‎ In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations （联系）.The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.‎ When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image（形象）in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name—Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word —which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge （要价）up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand ‎ names are for their development.‎ ‎53. Why are trade names protected by law in many countries?‎ A. To make companies pay for naming service.‎ B. To help people choose the best products C. To present good images of the products.‎ D. To prevent good images from being copied ‎54. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names B. Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale C. The government often does business with naming companies D. It is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals ‎55. What’s the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Business of Names B. The Development of Names C. The Rules of Naming Business D. The Methods of Choosing Names D Reading Oliver James'Affluenza,I thought about what often happens at home.My 12-year-ole daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow.I don't understand any of it,"she cries out.After shouting and shutting her door,she calms down enough to go through her notes.The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says"OK,I got a nine".‎ ‎"Wow.well done!"I say,before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"‎ According to James,this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.To test this,I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests.She looked at me as if I was thick."Well,if I don't get good grades,I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."‎ I was quite surprised,because I don't consider myself a pushy parent.But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright.He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model.Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.‎ For me,I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle,recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules,yet I have lived a happy life.What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations,or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.‎ This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind.And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests,something more like Tongjon.Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools.It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea,and indeed in many other school systems around the world.‎ As the Russian poet Pushkin said,"Inspiration(灵感）is needed in geometry(几何学）just as much as in poetry ",and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .‎ ‎56.What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter?‎ A.She sets herself a goal too high to reach. ‎ B.She should be more polite to her parents.‎ C.She is hard-working but not very bright.‎ D.She takes her grades much too seriously.‎ ‎57.What does the word "obsession"in paragraph 3 mean? ‎ A.A plain and unavoidable fact.‎ B.A satisfied and very proud state.‎ C.A practical and widely-used way.‎ D.A fixed and often unreasonable idea.‎ ‎58.What can we infer from the passage? ‎ A.Social skills are as important as high grades.‎ B.Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.‎ C.The writer regrets not having studied hard at school. ‎ D. Danish educational system is for very smart students.‎ ‎59.The writer wants to tell us that____.‎ A.learning happily is the key to self-development.‎ B. top marks may be helpful to increase one's interest. ‎ C. tests should be improved to give children inspiration. ‎ D.education should meet one's needs for word and money.‎ ‎53、D　　54、B　　55、A 56、D　　57、D　　58、B　　59、A ‎2019北京中考 C What do you do if you’re stranded （处于困境的）on a lonely island？Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of Body signals（信号）.‎ Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line，it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side ，it means“no”. If you want the pilot to know that it’s safe to land，push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land ，put your arms in the air and move them to one side.‎ Smoke signals The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away ，so it’s a good way to draw attention .If the weather is 为dry，it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember ，however，that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you’re sure that it can’t spread .If the ground is dark，light smoke can be seen more easily .Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.‎ Ground-to-air signals It’s a good idea to build some signals，too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols（标记）.If you can’t find any wood，use earth. Some useful symbols are：‎ F “I need food and water”.‎ II “I need medicine”.‎ I “I am badly hurt”.‎ X “I am unable to move from here.”‎ Pilots’ replies If the pilot lowers the plane’s wings from side to side ，this means“message received and understood”（At night，the pilot flashes the plane’s green lights.）If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle ，this means“message received but not understood”.（At night ，the pilot flashes the plane’s red lights.）‎ However ，there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not？‎ ‎54、Which picture means“it’s not safe to land”？‎ ‎55、What can we learn from the passage？‎ A、Swinging your arm from side to side means“yes”.‎ B、If the ground is dark，light smoke can’t be seen.‎ C、If you need some medicine ，make a symbol “II”.‎ D、The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.‎ ‎56、What is the passage mainly about？‎ A、The explanation of building signals on an island .‎ B、The importance of building signals on an island.‎ C、Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.‎ D、Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.‎ D ‎ My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, WE USED 2go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ KIDS FTF. ILNY, its gr8.‎ ‎ Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation” of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great.‎ ‎ Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming(破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted(面目全非的).‎ ‎ Everyone should just relax, say linguists(语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.”‎ ‎ Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.‎ ‎ However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”‎ ‎ Perhaps, we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Text is just for fun.”‎ ‎57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?‎ A. To give an example of foreign paragraph. B. To show an example of creative method.‎ C. To express worries about using Netspeak. D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.‎ ‎58. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Cynthia McVry points out teenagers can deal with Netspeak properly.‎ B. Geoffrey Nunberg believes Netspeakers can write Standard English.‎ C. David Crystal thinks Netspeak helps develop the habit of writing.‎ D. James Milroy says that language is changing and improving.‎ ‎59. The expression “bet your bottom dollar” in paragrap5 means_.‎ A. be fairly sure B. be greatly surprised C. think it a pity D. find it interesting ‎60. What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on Internet B. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?‎ C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?‎ D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages 54.DCC 57 DCAB ‎ 2019北京中考 C ‎ Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.‎ ‎ These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:‎ ‎★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.‎ ‎★ 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.‎ ‎★ 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.‎ ‎★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.‎ ‎★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.‎ ‎★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.‎ The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.‎ ‎54. The underlined phrase “run into” means ___________.‎ ‎ A. work out B. come across C. look into D. pass by ‎55. From the passage, we can know _________.‎ ‎ A. we should look up new words before reading ‎ B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage ‎ C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English ‎ ‎ D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English ‎ ‎56. The massage is mainly about _________.‎ ‎ A. steps of studying science ‎ B. difficulties in reading science ‎ C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English ‎ D ‎ In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.‎ The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.‎ ‎ Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.‎ ‎57. The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain ________.‎ ‎ A. the difference between to two blood types ‎ B. the relationship between the two blood types ‎ C. the influence of blood type on one’s behavior ‎ D. the connection between personality and blood type ‎58. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ ‎ A. It was lightly believed.‎ B. It was brought to them.‎ ‎ C. They liked and accepted it. ‎ D. They stole the idea from others ‎59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.‎ ‎ B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.‎ ‎ C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type.‎ ‎ D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.‎ ‎60. What is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Is the blood-type theory poplar?‎ B. Is the personality changeable?‎ ‎ C. Is it in your blood? ‎ D. Is it in you mind?‎ ‎54. B 55. B ‎ ‎56. C 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. C ‎2009北京中考 C It’s 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.‎ Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.‎ Stress(压力，紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.‎ When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.‎ What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.‎ The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs. ‎ ‎55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______.‎ ‎ A. illness and abilities B. thoughts and behaviour ‎ C. mind and nervous system D. physical activity and daily exercise ‎56. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress.‎ ‎ B. One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline.‎ ‎ C. Diseases and accidents are caused by stress.‎ ‎ D. Everyone needs stress to improve himself.‎ ‎57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ________.‎ ‎ A. it’s difficult to change a stressful situation ‎ B. it’s not stressful when a good change takes place ‎ C. a big change will cause another stressful situation ‎ D. a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort ‎58. What is probably the best title for this passage?‎ ‎ A. The body-Brain Link B. The Causes of Stress ‎ C. The Advice on Health D. The Nervous System ‎ 51~55BADAB 56~58DCA