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中考英语考前复习语法考点透析状语从句

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透析中考英语语法状语从句考点 ‎【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。‎ 1. 考查时间状语从句。‎ 2. 考查原因状语从句 3. 考查地点状语从句。‎ 4. 考查结果状语从句 5. 考查条件状语从句。‎ 6. 考查让步状语从句。‎ 7. 考查伴随状语从句。‎ 8. 考查方式状语从句 ‎【考点诠释】‎ 一、时间状语从句 在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有: when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。‎ 1. 考查when, while, as引导,表示“当……时候”.‎ ‎【考例】一Mum,____shall we have lunch?‎ ‎ ——We will have it when your dad__________. [07连云港市]‎ A when;returns B where returns C.where;will return D.when;will return ‎[答案]A.[解析] 答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在A与B之中。既然答语用了时间状语来回答,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为A。‎ ‎2. before 的用法:before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等。如:‎ ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _________you go? [昆明市]‎ A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until ‎[答案]B.[解析]这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句,as soon as一……就.before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到……才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”‎ ‎2.until 和till 的用法:与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/ until表示“……直到……”;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till/ until表示“直到……才……”。其强调句型为“not…until” ,位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如:‎ ‎【考例】一Hurry up.The bus is coming.‎ ‎——Oh。no.We mustn't cross the street ____the traffic lights are green.[福州市]‎ A. after B since C while D.until ‎ ‎[答案]D .[解析]本题应从句意人手。until常用于否定句中,构成"not…until"结构,意为“直到……才……”,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”。‎ The kids didn't start to fly kites in the playground _________the rain stopped. [成都市]‎ A. if B. until C. whenever ‎[答案]B.[解析] not…until…直到……才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”,‎ ‎--Look! Here comes our school bus.‎ ‎ --No hurry. Don't get on it _________it has stopped. [安徽省]‎ A. until B. after C. since D. when A.[解析]句中有don't,可想not...until为固定结构,意为“直到……才……”。‎ 三、对条件状语从句的考查 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if …not如果不……,除非),as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要),supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使),on condition that(在……的条件下)等。如:‎ ‎【考例】__you go to bed earlier, you won't feel tired in the mornings.[沈阳市]‎ A. Unless B Because C.If D.When ‎[答案]C .[解析]考查if引导的条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累。”‎ You won't pass your exams ___________ you work harder. [广东省] ‎ A. when B. if C. unless D. after ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎[答案]C .[解析]when,after一引导的是时间状语从句,不合题意;if,unless引导的是条件状语从句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否则,你不会通过考试”。故用unless。‎ 四、对让步状语从句的考查 用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有:though,although,even if/though, while(虽然、尽管),for a11(that)(尽管)whether...or(不论/不管……还是……))以及“疑问词+ever(whatever,wherever,whoever,however,)”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。 ‎ ‎【考例】—Shall we go on working?‎ ‎ —Yes , I prefer to have a rest . (2004江西省南昌) ‎ ‎ A.when B.if C.because D.though ‎[答案]: D ‎[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。‎ Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004四川)‎ ‎ A.and B.though C.or ‎[答案]: B ‎[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。‎ 五、 对目的状语从句的考查:‎ 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了,以便);in case(以防,以免),lest(免得,以防),for fear that(以免,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could, may,‎ might ,will, would等情态动词。如:‎ ‎【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _______they can better serve the 2008 0lympic Games.‎ 一I'm sure they will.[宜昌市]‎ A.because of B so that C.even though D.as if ‎[答案]B.[解析] 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语,“为的是”能更多更好地为奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。‎ 六、对结果状语从句的考查 ‎【考例】The camera is expensive I can’t afford it. (2004辽宁本溪)‎ ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that ‎[答案]: A ‎[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,so…that…句中要用形容词或副词;such…that…要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。‎ ‎【语法回顾】‎ 状语从句的分类。‎ ‎1. 时间状语从句用法要点。‎ ‎(1)as、when、while用法一览表。‎ 类别 作 用 例 句 as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。‎ She came up as I was cooking.(同时)‎ The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)‎ when ‎(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。‎ It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)‎ When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)‎ while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。‎ Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.‎ He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)‎ 凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等,具体用法如下:‎ ‎1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如: ‎ I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。‎ ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。‎ when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。例如:‎ He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。‎ Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。‎ I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。‎ I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。‎ 注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。‎ I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。‎ ‎2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如: ‎ We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。 ‎ He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。‎ after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如: ‎ After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。‎ He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。‎ 注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work. ‎ ‎3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。例如:‎ We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。‎ We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。‎ 注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句   译为:自从……有多长时间了。例如:‎ It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。‎ ‎4. until ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎ 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式, not... until... 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:‎ I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续) ‎ He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) ‎ ‎5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如: ‎ I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。‎ ‎6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如:‎ They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。‎ Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。‎ 注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。 例如:‎ I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。‎ ‎7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。例如:‎ I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。‎ We won't start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。‎ ‎2. 条件状语从句用法要点。 ‎ 我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如: ‎ If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。‎ If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。‎ ‎3. 地点状语从句用法要点。常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)例如:‎ Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。‎ We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。‎ ‎4. 原因状语从句用法要点。‎ ‎  常用的引导连词有because,‎ ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎ as和since。三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.‎ Why did you go?  I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。‎ He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。‎ As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。‎ Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。‎ ‎5. 目的状语从句用法要点。‎ ‎  常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是。例如:‎ Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。‎ I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。‎ I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。‎ 注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.‎ We work harder than usual finish it in a week.  我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。‎ 三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。 ‎ 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况: ‎ ‎1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如: ‎ Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。‎ Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。‎ The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。‎ ‎2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如: ‎ She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。‎ ‎【语法过关】‎ ‎1.I was drawing a horse ____the teacher came in.     ‎ A. while   B. as   C. when   D. the moment ‎2.Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris' Charles De Gaulle Airport __ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down. ‎ A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎3.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. ‎ A. if B. how C. before D. where ‎4.---Shall we go on working?‎ ‎---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest. ‎ A. when B. if C. because D. though ‎5.None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it. ‎ ‎ A. when B. until C. after D. though ‎6.---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!‎ ‎---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there. ‎ A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till ‎7.The camera is expensive I can’t afford it. ‎ A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that ‎8.I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. ‎ A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since ‎9.—Shall we go on working?‎ ‎ —Yes , I prefer to have a rest . ‎ A.when B.if C.because D.though ‎10.Edison never gave up, he failed many times. ‎ A.and B.though C.or ‎11.The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned green. ‎ A.not; when B.don’t; before C.not to; until ‎12.---It’s time to go to bed ,Li Ming.‎ ‎ ---Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I won’t go to bed I finish it ‎ ‎ A .after B.until C.as soon as D .since ‎13.You should make a good plan ______ you do anything important. ‎ A. before          B. after            C. though        D. until ‎ ‎14.________ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.   ‎ A. Because    B. Though     C. When     D. As ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎ ‎15。I enjoy learning English, ____ it takes me a lot of time. ‎ A.as if        B.though       C.because      D.for ‎【参考答案】透析中考英语语法定语从句考点 ‎1。答案C 解析:when为并列连词“这时”(=and then),句意为:我们正当我在画马的时候,这是老师进来了。while表示“正当……时”,用于同时进行的动作。‎ ‎2.答案C 解析:依据题结构,be doing sth…when…表示“正在……这时……”的意思。故选C。‎ ‎3.答案A 解析: 从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句,所以选A。‎ ‎4.答案D 解析: 从意思上看,只有选though才能说得通。‎ ‎5.答案B 解析: 本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until” 这一句型。‎ ‎6.答案B 解析: 本题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。‎ ‎7.答案A 解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,so…that…句中要用形容词或副词;such…that…要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。‎ ‎8.答案]B 解析:依据题意:无论我如何努力,好像也没有减肥。‎ ‎9.答案 D 解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。‎ ‎10.答案 B 解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。‎ ‎11.答案C 解析:until用在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until)所表示的时间才发生。故选C。‎ ‎12.答案 B 解析:until用在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until)所表示的时间才发生。故选C。‎ ‎13.答案 A 解析:依据题意:在你做重要的事情之前,应该做好计划。表示“在……之前”的意思,故应选用A。‎ ‎14。答案B 解析:依据题意:尽管他们是兄弟,但他们彼此一点都不像。引导让步状语从句,应选B。15。答案B解析:依据题意:尽管他花费了我很多时间,但我还是喜欢学英语。应选B。‎ ‎ 第 - 9 - 页 共 9 页 ‎