中考英语八大时态讲解归纳 7页

‎1．一般现在时 ‎ a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day等。‎ ‎ I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。 ‎ There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。 ‎ u b．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 ‎ The earth is round. 地球是圆的. ‎ The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。‎ ‎ ‎ u c．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 ‎ If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 ‎ I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。 ‎ 动词三单形式的变化规则：‎ 1. 大多数动词直接+s 2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es ‎2.一般过去式 肯定式 否定式 ‎ 疑问式 ‎ 一般动词 ‎ I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. ‎ I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. ‎ Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? ‎ be动词 ‎ I (He, She, It) was there. ‎ We ( You, They) were there ‎ I (He, She, It) was not there. ‎ We (You, They) were not there. ‎ Was I (he, she, it) there? ‎ Were you (we, they) there? ‎ have动词 ‎ I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. ‎ I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didn't have any books ‎ Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或 Did I (you, he) have any books? ‎ 动词过去式的构成：‎ ‎(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：‎ ‎　①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。‎ ‎　②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。‎ ‎　③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。‎ ‎　④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。‎ ‎(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。‎ a． 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。 ‎ He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 ‎ She wasn't at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 ‎ Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ ‎ b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 ‎ I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 ‎ Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. ‎ 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。 ‎ ‎3．一般将来时 肯定式 ‎ 否定式 ‎ 疑问式 ‎ I (We) shall / will go there ‎ I (We ) shall / will not go there Shall I (we) go there? ‎ You (He, She, They) will go there ‎ You (He, She, They) will not go there ‎ Will you (he, she, they) go there? ‎ a．表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 ‎ 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 ‎ I'll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 ‎ He won't go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。 ‎ Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗？ ‎ b．没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。 ‎ I don't know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。 ‎ Don't worry, he will be there on time. 别着急，他会准时在那儿。 ‎ c．表示将来经常发生的动作。 ‎ From now on I'll get up early every morning. 从今以后，我每天早晨早起。‎ ‎ ‎ 注意： ‎ ‎1）be going to这个结构表示： a．即将发生的动作；‎ b．主语打算或准备要做的事；‎ c．说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。‎ be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。 ‎ 例如： We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。 ‎ How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期？ ‎ Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 ‎ ‎2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。 ‎ He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。 ‎ They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你。 ‎ ‎4．现在进行时 ‎ 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。‎ 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 　　‎ 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 　　‎ 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 　‎ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? ‎ 变化规则 1. 直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 　　‎ 2. 去掉不发音的e+ing (例：biting，leaving, making, coming, writing. ）　　‎ ‎ 注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 　‎ ‎3.以ie结尾变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）‎ ‎4. 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning, getting, putting, running, stopping cutting, controlling ‎ 肯定式 ‎ 否定式 ‎ 疑问式 ‎ I am working now. ‎ I am not working now. ‎ Am I working now? ‎ You are working now. ‎ He (She) is working now. ‎ We (You, They) are working now. ‎ You are not working now. ‎ He (She) is not working now. ‎ We (You, They) are not working now. ‎ Are you working now? ‎ Is (he, she) working now? ‎ Are you (we, they) working now? ‎ a．表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 ‎ Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？ ‎ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他 。 ‎ b．在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。 ‎ The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。 ‎ c．有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 ‎ He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了.‎ Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。 ‎ 注意： ‎ ‎1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。 ‎ Stop, I am thinking. 停下来，我正在想问题呢。 ‎ ‎2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。 ‎ He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。 ‎ ‎5.过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。 ‎ I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信。 ‎ He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 当我昨晚回家的时候他正在看电视 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.　　‎ Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?‎ 特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 ‎ ‎6. 现在完成时：‎ 基本结构：主语+have/has+ done 　　‎ ‎①肯定句：主语+have/has+ done+宾语. 　　‎ ‎②否定句：主语+have/has+ not+ done+宾语. 　　‎ ‎③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+宾语. 　‎ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 　　‎ 否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't . 　　‎ ‎④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+done+其他） ‎ 用法：1.常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.‎ ‎①for+时段 为…时间 　　②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） 　③since+时段+ago 　　‎ ‎④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 　‎ 标志词：already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, ever, never, ...times(次数).‎ u 瞬间性动词可表示某一动作的完成 但是当后面有表示一段时间的状语时 要变成相应的延续性动词 u 瞬间性动词改为延续性动词：‎ buy-- had borrow—kept leave--be away stop--be over die- be dead arrive-- be in/at leave- be away （from)‎ begin/start -be on come/go--be in/at finish/end-be over fall asleep - be asleep come/go/become- be put on- be on go out- be out get married-- be married join-- be in/a member of come to work - work begin to study - study ‎ ‎ u have (has) been to 与have (has) gone to ‎ have (has) been to +某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。 ‎ have (has) gone to +某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。 ‎ ‎7. 过去完成时：‎ 基本结构：主语+had+ done ‎①肯定句：主语+had+ done ‎②否定句：主语+had+not+ done ‎③一般疑问句：Had+主语+ done? 　　‎ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 　　否定回答：No,主语+had not . 　　‎ ‎④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句（Had+主语+done）？ 　　‎ ‎⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+ done ‎ 用法：A 由时间状语来判定。‎ ‎(1) by + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 　　‎ ‎(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　　‎ ‎(3) before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 　　‎ B. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。　‎ ‎◆(1) 宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句 She said that she had seen the film before. 　　‎ ‎(2) 状语从句中,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。‎ After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. ‎ ‎　　‎ 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。‎ After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ‎ ‎(3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" 　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 　　‎ ‎8. 过去将来时 ‎1）构成 ‎ 过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。‎ ‎2）用法 ‎ a．用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。 ‎ They said they would go to visit the second factory. ‎ 他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。 ‎ The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday. ‎ 老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。 ‎ b．过去将来时也可由“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表示。 ‎ She said she was going to see her uncle. ‎ 她说她要去看望她的叔叔。 ‎ c．有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。‎ I didn't have much time to talk with you became I was leaving for Shanghai in two hours. ‎ 我没有多少时间跟你谈话了，因为再过两个小时我就要动身去上海。 ‎ 注意： ‎ ‎“would+动词原形”有时并不表示过去将来时，而表示一种客气的请求。 ‎ Would you please open the window? ‎