考点14倒装结构中考英语语法考点纵览 6页

中考英语语法考点纵览 14——倒装结构 一、倒装概述 ‎1、倒装的定义： 由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调，把全部谓语或者部分谓语置于主语前面的结构形式，称之为倒装句。‎ ‎2、倒装的分类： 完全倒装：谓语动词完全移到主语之前。‎ 部分倒装：只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。‎ 二、倒装结构考点纵览 知识点考点 考点对应典型例题剖析 考点一：‎ 倒装句的作用和意义 考点1：适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。‎ 典型例句 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？‎ Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927? 中国人民解放军是1927年成立的吗？‎ 考点2：为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。‎ 典型例句 Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期我从来没有迟到过。‎ So early did he come to school that no other students came. 他来学校如此的早以至于还没有学生来。‎ 考点二：‎ 完全倒装结构 ‎（只用于一般现在时和一般过去时）‎ 考点1：here, there, out, in, up, down, off等表地点、方位的副词 或介词词组位于句首时, 用完全倒装。‎ 典型例句 Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。‎ Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。‎ There goes the bell. 铃响了。‎ Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。‎ Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。‎ The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。‎ Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。‎ There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。‎ There are some books on the table. 桌上有几本书.‎ Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。‎ By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。‎ 注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。‎ Here you are. 给你。‎ There she goes. 他去那里了。‎ 考点2：now, then等表示时间的副词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。‎ 典型例句 Now comes our turn. 现在轮到我们了。‎ Then came the firemen. 后来消防员来了。‎ 考点3：分词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。‎ 典型例句 Gone are the days when the working people suffered from cold and ‎ hunger. 工人们挨冻挨饿的日子已经过去了。‎ Attending the meeting are all the members of the committee. 所有的 居委会成员都参加了会议。‎ 考点三：‎ 部分倒装结构 考点1：部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。‎ 考点2：否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。‎ 典型例句 Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。‎ Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。‎ Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。‎ Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。‎ Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。‎ No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。‎ 考点3：含有 no的副词短语如：in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no condition等置于句首时也要倒装。‎ 典型例句 By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。‎ On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。‎ In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他.‎ In no time did he work out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。‎ 考点4：only 加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装结构。‎ 典型例句 Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。‎ Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。‎ Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。‎ 考点5：so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither /‎ ‎ nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。‎ 典型例句 He can sing English songs, and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。‎ He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。‎ You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。‎ She likes music, and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。‎ You aren’t young, and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。‎ She hasn’t read it, and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。‎ 注意：“so+主语+谓语”结构表示同意。‎ ‎"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”‎ ‎"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”‎ 注意：若别人说的既有肯定、又有否定或用了不止一种动词时，则用So it is with me.‎ He was born in Beijing and lives in Shanghai. So it is with me. 他出生在北京，生活在上海。我也是。‎ 考点6：在“so…that…”和“such…that…”引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用“sosuch + adj + 主语+谓语”的倒装形式。‎ 典型例句 Such is life that everyone can understand this. 生活就是这样,每个人都明白这一点。 ‎ So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。‎ So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。‎ 考点7：当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式。‎ 典型例句 Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。‎ Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.‎ ‎ 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。‎ 三、 巩固训练 ‎( ) 1. Look,________.‎ A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coning C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming ‎( ) 2. —Where is Kate? —Look, _______, she is at the school gate.‎ A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is ‎( ) 3. Which of the following sentences is correct?‎ A. In the teacher came. B. In did come the teacher.‎ C. In did the teacher come. D. In came the teacher.‎ ‎( ) 4. Out _____, with a stick in his hand.‎ A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush ‎( ) 5. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself.‎ A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive ‎( ) 6. Early in the day ____the news that the enemy were gone.‎ A. come B. came C. comes D. coming ‎( ) 7. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.‎ A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn ‎( ) 8. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings.‎ A. did they begin B. they had begun ‎ C. they did begin D. had they begun ‎( ) 9. Not only ____ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.‎ A. he was forcing B. he was forced ‎ C. was he forcing D. was he forced ‎( ) 10. Never before _____ seen such a stupid man.‎ A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I ‎( ) 11. Rarely ____such a silly thing.‎ A. have I heard of B. I have heard of ‎ C. am I heard of D. had I heard of ‎( ) 12. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill.‎ A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares ‎( ) 13. Only when _____ in the afternoon____ able to leave.‎ A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were they C. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they ‎( ) 14. Hardly ____ down when he stepped in.‎ A. had I sat B. did I sit C. have I sat D. I had sat ‎( ) 15. She did not see Smith. ________.‎ A. Neither did I B. Nor didn’t I C. Neither I did D. So didn’t I 答案解析 ‎1.选C。here comes the bus表示“公交车来了”，副词here提前，后面用完全倒装结构。‎ ‎2.选A。主语时代词she，所以不用倒装结构，用there she is的形式。‎ ‎3.选D。副词in提到句首，后面句子用完全倒装结构in came the teacher。‎ ‎4.选C。主语是代词he，所以不用倒装结构，用out he rushed的形式。‎ ‎5.选D。so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so提前时，后面要用部分倒装结构形式：did he drive。‎ ‎6.选B。early in the day时间状语提到句首，后面用完全倒装结构，时态为过去式，所以用came。‎ ‎7.选B。“only+状语”提到句首，后面用部分倒装形式：can you learn them well。‎ ‎8.选A。“only+after liberation”时间状语提至句首，后面用部分倒装结构。‎