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  • 2021-05-10 发布

中考英语语法考点复习连词

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透析中考英语语法连词 ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎【连词命题趋势】‎ 根据对连词部分全国各地考试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:‎ 1、 并列连词的用法 2、 从属连词的用法 3、 相似连词的辨析 ‎【考点诠释】‎ 一、考查表示转折对比关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词but (但是),yet (可是),while(而,另一方面)等连接前后简单句,but常译为‘但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。‎ ‎1.but(但是,可是,而,却)‎ ‎ 连接两个并列句,有时句中某些词可以省略;连接两个并列成分,可以放在一个句子的句首,后面不接逗号。‎ ‎【考例】——Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?‎ ‎——I'd love to,____I have lots of work to do.[北京市]‎ A so B or C and D.but ‎[答案]D。[解析]考查转折连词。so(表结果),or(表选择),ad(表并列),but(表转折),根据句意:“我很乐意去,但我还有一些事要做”可推断选but,表转折。‎ It was very cold and windy, _________ those farmers were working hard on the farm.[吉林省]‎ A. and B. or C. but D. so ‎[答案]C。[解析]考查连词的用法。 but表转折,and表并列,or表选择,So表顺接。根据句意选C。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、考查表示因果关系的并列连词 ‎ ‎ 这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。‎ ‎1.for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两个简单句。由并列连词for引导的分句只能置于句末,而且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。‎ ‎2. so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而so是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因)+so+简单句(结果)。‎ ‎【考例】I have been trying my best to study English ________I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics. [太原市]‎ A, until B. because C. though ‎[答案]B。[解析] 本题考查连词的用法。until表示“直到……才”常用来引导时间状语从句;because"因为”用来引导原因状语从句,而though"尽管”用来引导让步状语从句。根据主从句的前后关系判断,应该选用表示原因的B项。‎ ‎. Ricky caught a "bad cold yesterday, ___________ he had to stay at home. [南京]‎ A. because B. but C. or D. so D because 因为,引导句子;because of因为引导短语But 但是,(表示转折=however,=whereas),不能够和though/although连用对不起,除了(=except) Or 和(‎ ‎ and的否定形式),或者,否则(通常是将来时态,表示结果)So 所以,表示结果,不能够和because连用;如此引导形容词/副词。句意为: Ricky昨天得了重感冒,所以他不得不呆在家里。‎ 三、考查表示选择关系的并列连词 ‎ 这类并列句常用并列连词or (或者,否则),either..or...(或是……或是;不是……‎ 就是)等连接前后简单句。‎ ‎ or连接并列成分时,意为“或者,还是”;用于否定句中,意为“也不”,这时不宜用and;还有“否则,要不然”之意,相当于otherwise。‎ ‎【考例】Tom ,keep away from the fire,__ you will get burnt. [河南省]‎ A. and B. so C. or D. but ‎[答案]C。[解析]考查连词。 or是连词“否则”的意思。and表示顺承关系;but表示转折关系;or表示选择关系或转折关系;so表示因果关系。‎ 四、考查表示并列关系的并列连词 ‎【考例】Study hard, ________ you'll pass the exam. [长沙市]‎ A. or B. and C. but ‎[答案]B。[解析] 考查并列连词。or表示选择,and表示并列,but表示转折。‎ 六、考查从属连词 ‎1、对连接同等的词、词组或分句的and, but, or, for, neither…nor…, either…or…, both…and…, not only…but also…等并列连词的考查。‎ ‎2、对引导名词性从句或状语从句的when、if、that、because、until、although等从属连词基本用法的考查。 ‎ ‎ 3、几组容易混淆的连词或词组。‎ We have been good friends ________we joined the same ping-pong team. [陕西省]‎ A. after B. before C. since D. until ‎[答案]C。[解析] 主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,填A、B、D三项其主句都不会用现在完成时。用since表示“自……以来,就……”。‎ None of the shoes in the shop fit me well. They are ______________too big______________ too small. [昆明市] ‎ A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also ‎[答案]B。[解析] 在前句中已经给出了一个前提“商店里的鞋都不适合我”。both...and“……和……都”;either...or“或者……或者”;neither...nor"既不……也不”;not only..but also“不但……而且”。所以很容易推断出“它们(这些鞋)或者太大,或者太小。”‎ Please take the medicine three times a day, _______ it won’t work well.   ( 浙江)‎ A. and    B. but    C. or   D. so 解析:这四个单词都是连词, but表示转折;so有因此之意。and和or 都可以用于祈使句,用and,整个句子相当于if you…, you’ll…; 用or相当于if you don’t…, you’ll…。答案:C Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 _____ we can catch the 12:00 train.                   ( 南通)‎ A. since        B. after        C. as soon as      D. so that   ‎ 解析:本题的前三项都是表示时间的连词,因此不符合句意,so that表明“为了”、“便于”,引导目的状语从句。答案:D  ‎ ‎—I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily?‎ ‎—_____Lily_____ I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden.                                                       ( 宁波)‎ A. Either, nor     B. Either, or       C. Neither, nor      D. Both, and 解析:选项A不是一个固定搭配,C表示“既不……也不……”,选项D表示“……和……都……”,不符合句子的意思,B项则是一个选择的连词。答案:B ‎【语法回顾】‎ 连 词 ‎ ‎4. 连词的功能 用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。‎ ‎5. 并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:‎ ‎(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。‎ ‎(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。‎ ‎(3)表转折关系的but, while等。‎ ‎(4)表因果关系的for, so等。‎ ‎6. 从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有:‎ ‎(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。‎ ‎(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。‎ ‎(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。‎ ‎(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。‎ ‎(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。‎ ‎(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。‎ ‎(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。‎ ‎7. 常用连词的用法辨析 ‎(1) while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。‎ ‎1) 当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如:‎ As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.我沿着街道走时,注意到一辆警车。‎ ‎2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:‎ While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.当母亲做午饭时,我正在做作业。‎ ‎3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如:‎ As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.随着孩子的长大,他们越来越多对周围的事情感兴趣。‎ ‎4) 当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如:‎ She looked behind from time to time as she went.她边走边不时地朝后面看。‎ ‎5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:‎ When he finished his work, he took a short rest.当他完成工作后,他进行了短暂的休息。‎ ‎6) 当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如:‎ When John arrived I was cooking lunch.当约翰到达时,我正在做饭。‎ ‎(2)as, because, since , for 这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。‎ ‎1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:‎ I stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨,所以我呆在家里。‎ ‎---Why aren’t you going? 为什么你不走?‎ ‎---Because I don’t want to.因为我不想去。‎ ‎2) 如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:‎ As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.由于他没有准备,我们没有带他。‎ Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.既然我没有钱,我不能卖任何食物。‎ ‎3) for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如:‎ I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.我决定停下来,吃午饭。因我感觉很饿。‎ ‎(3)if, whether if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如:‎ I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.我想知道你是否还在那所学校学习。‎ I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.我不知道他是否喜欢这部电影。‎ 在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:‎ ‎1) 引导主语从句时。例如:‎ Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 他是否来参加聚会还不知道。‎ ‎2) 引导表语从句时。例如:‎ The question is whether I can pass the exam.问题是我能否通过考试。‎ ‎3) 在不定式前。例如:‎ I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.我还没有决定是否去哪儿。‎ ‎(4)so…that, such...that ‎1) so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such...that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:‎ I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.我很累,因此不想再走了。‎ It was such a hot day that he went swimming.如此热的天气,以至于他去游泳。‎ ‎2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such。例如:‎ He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.他受到得教育很少以致于他找不到工作。‎ ‎(5)either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…‎ 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如:‎ Either you or he is wrong.‎ Neither he nor his children like fish.不但他不喜欢而且他的孩子也不喜欢鱼。‎ Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.不但老师而且学生想买这本书。‎ ‎(6)although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.尽管他已是六十多岁,但他和其他工作一样努力。‎ ‎(7)because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Because John ‎ was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the ‎ doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 因为约翰病了,所以我带他看医生。‎ ‎[辨析]‎ ‎(1) because、as、since、for的用法:‎ because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面;另外,回答why的问句只能用because. as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如:‎ He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.(他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害)‎ As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.(既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧)‎ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.(既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧)‎ We must be off now for the match starts at 7:00.(我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始)‎ ‎(2)if、whether的区别:表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句;而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如:‎ I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.(我不知道他是不是会按时到达)‎ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.(如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的) ‎ ‎ [注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if:①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时。如:‎ Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.(下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题)(引导主语从句) ‎ Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.(请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿)(作动词的宾语) ‎ Hainan‎ is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter.(海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏)(引导让步状语从句)‎ Please let me know whether you need my help.(请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助)(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)‎ ‎(3)while、when、as的用法区别:‎ while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的;when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生;as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如:‎ Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.(我写作业时请不要打扰我)‎ I’ll go home when I have finished my job.(我干完了活儿就回去)‎ They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.(他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音)‎ As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.(当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话)‎ ‎(4)till/until与not…till/until的区别:前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如:‎ I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.(我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来)(stay这个动作一直进行到你return) ‎ They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.(他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的)‎ ‎ 另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如:‎ Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.(我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟)‎ Not until he had finished his work did he go home.(直到做完工作他才回家)(倒装句)‎ ‎(5)though与although的区别:‎ 两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though; though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如:‎ He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.(尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试)/ ‎ she won’t leave the TV set, even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.(她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭)/ ‎ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.(这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心)‎ ‎(6)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别:prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如:‎ I prefer English to Japanese.(与日语相比我更喜欢英语)‎ I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. (与日语相比我更喜欢学英语)‎ 并列句的分类:‎ ‎1. 表示同等关系的并列句 ‎ 这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:‎ He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球,并且踢得很好。  ‎ Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇,我们成了朋友。   ‎ ‎2. 表示转折关系的并列句 ‎ 这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如: ‎ It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。  ‎ School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了,可是老师们仍然在工作。‎ He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家,而我则想当科学家。‎ It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大,然而我们必须出去。  ‎ ‎3. 表示选择关系的并列句 ‎ 这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。‎ or有两重含义:  ‎ ‎(1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如: ‎ Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。‎ ‎(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如: ‎ You must tell the truth,or you will be punished.你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。  ‎ ‎4. 表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。‎ ‎(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两 简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。‎ 例如:He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。‎ ‎(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因)  +so牛简单句(结果)。例如:‎ Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替二课。‎ ‎5. 其他形式的并列句 ‎(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:‎ Use your head, and you will find away.动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。‎ ‎(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:‎ Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others.努力学习,否则你就会落于别人。‎ ‎(3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:‎ Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。‎ 习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.‎ ‎(4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”,例如:‎ not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。‎ ‎(5) “neither…nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,用法与either …or…,not only …but also…相同。‎ 三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况 ‎1. 并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:‎ We fished all day; we didn't catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。‎ ‎2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:‎ My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。‎ ‎3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:‎ He is not a student, nor am I.‎ 他不是学生,我也不是。‎ Beibei can swim, so can I.‎ 贝贝会游泳, 我也会。‎ ‎【语法过关】‎ ‎1.How did you try to get to school on time ______ you missed the school bus, Mary? ‎ A. when B. if C. once D. that ‎ ‎2.-I'm going to the supermarket. ‎ ‎-Will you get me some chocolates ______ you are there, mum? ‎ A. since B. because C. if D. while ‎ ‎3.Never give up, ______ you'll make it. ‎ A. and B. but C. or D. yet ‎ ‎4.Her grandparents are still in good health________ they are over eighty. ‎ A. though B. as soon as C. until D. because ‎ ‎5. --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?  ‎ ‎--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.‎ A. and  B. so  C. as  D. but ‎ ‎6. When I got the news that the ship would sink, I was _____ frightened_______ my legs couldn't move forward. ‎ A. so; that B. very; that C. too; that D. too; to ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. I won't believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ________I have tested him myself. ‎ A. after B. when C. if D. until ‎ ‎8.Be careful , ___________ you will fall off the tree. ‎ A. so B. or C. but D. and ‎ ‎9. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, _______ he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. ‎ A. so B. or C. but D. for ‎ ‎10.---I don't like chicken ___ fish. ‎ ‎---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.‎ A. and; and  B. and; but  C. or; but  D. or;and ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎ 1.A 用来引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2.D "since,because,if"都不符合语境意思,"while(当------时候)"指在超市的时候(买巧克力),语意清楚。 ‎ ‎3.A 前后句子是递进关系。‎ ‎4.A 语境表明两个句子是"让步关系"。 ‎ ‎5.D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and, 结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。‎ ‎6. A so --- that用于表示"如此------以致于------",so 后接形容词, that后接从句。 ‎ ‎7. D not---until 表示"直到------才-----"。 ‎ ‎8. B or意思是"否则;不然的话",与句意相符。‎ ‎9. A so这里表示原因。‎ ‎10.C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。‎