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中考形容词副词专项复习
1。注意形容词、副词在句中的作用。
2.比较级与最高级的构成,一些不规则变化,以及用法。
3.掌握有关形容词与副词的一些句型及用法。
4.形容词修饰不定代词的用法。
考点精析 一、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。
如:a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)
★前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为:
冠词+描述性形容词(pretty/ugly/kind等)+表特征形容词(大形新年色)+专属形容词(国籍等)+材料 +名词
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后,构成系表结构。如:The idea sounds great.
连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来),
taste(尝起来), feel(感到,摸起来).
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.
★ keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补)
⑷后置的情况:
① 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)
The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)
二、副词:用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类:(见下表)
时 间 副 词
频度副词
地点/方位副词
程度副词
方式副词
疑问/连接副词
其他副词
today, tomorrow,
once,
here, there,
very, too,
well,
how,
too, also,
yesterday, now,
twice,
home, below,
enough,
hard,
where,
nor, so,
then, early, late,
always,
anywhere,
rather, quite,
alone,
when,
as, on,off,
once, soon, just,
usually,
above, outside,
how, so,
fast,
why,
either,
tonight, long,
often,
in, inside, out,
much, just,
together,
whether
yes, no,
already, yet, before,
sometimes,
back, up, down,
nearly, only
suddenly,
however, etc.
not, neither
ago, later, ever since
never,
away, off, far,
almost, hardly,
-ly结尾
关系副词
maybe,
after, whenever
(seldom),
near, nearby,
as long as等,
的副词
where,
perhaps,
first, someday,
ever,
wherever
even, all,
why, how
certainly,
sometime, last,
everywhere,
a little, a bit
when,
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用:
★(副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,也可放句首修饰整个句子。)
⑴作状语:
① 时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。
② 频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。
③ 方式副词:一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如:Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)
④ 地点副词:一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如:There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
★⑤ 程度副词:修饰动词时,放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如:I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)
⑥ 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如:When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)
⑦ 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)
⑧ 关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如:This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)
⑨ 其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也”(用于否定句),放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前;on/off“开/关”放在动词之后;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。如:He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)
(2)作表语:地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如:I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)
(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如:People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代的女人过着可怕的日子)
(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)
★[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则代词放在动词与副词之间,如果宾语是名词则可以放中间,也可放后面。
如:He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
★类似的有:put it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in
三、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er,est :b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:
c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est:
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
3、不规则变化:
原级
比较级
最高级
good好的
better更好的
best最好的
well好;(身体)好的,
bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地
worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的
worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的;更
most最多的;最
much许多的(不可数);非常
little少的
less更少的
least最少的
far远的;远地
farther更远的;更远地
farthest最远的;最远地
further进一步的(地)
furthest最深刻的(地)
4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原
级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music.
Play as well as you can.
否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is not so difficult as science.
She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.
注意I don’t think否定前移句型
比较级
不同程度
(用于两者比较)
比较级+than
(比……)
Jim is older than Luky.
I like pork better than beef.
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
(越来越……)
The + 比较级,the + 比较级
(越……, 越……)
He is growing taller and taller.
He studies better and better.
The more books she reads, the better she understand.
最高级
最高程度
(用于三者或三者以上)
The +最高级+of (in)
(最……)
Spring is the best season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.
副词最高级前面的the 往往省略
注意:有些形容词,如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。
5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例:
① His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级)
②Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) ③ Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest.
④ Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级)
⑤Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级)
⑥Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?(三者或三者以上比用最高级)
⑦This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one.
⑧I’d like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.(两者中“较……”用“the+比较级”)
⑩Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。
Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。
⑾ The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours.
我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。(两个数量/目只级比较大小,不能比较多少
(价格price只能比较高低,用“high”或“low”,不能比较贵或便宜)
6、比较级与最高级的互换
①.Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)
= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)
= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.
= Jim is the tallest boy in our class.(吉姆是我们班最高的)
②. Jim is taller than any girl in our class.(吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高)
③.Tom isn’t as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike.
= Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike.
④.This book isn’t as/so interesting as that book.
=This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.
7、比较级前常用的修饰语:
比较级前常用a bit/a little(一点),much/a lot(非常),even/far(更加),still等词语表示程度。而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。例如:
①She is a little taller than I (me). ②Rose is much more careful than Tom..
③Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?) He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)
8、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项:
1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。
2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the可以省略。
3. 在进行比较时,必须是同类事物相比较。
①His ruler is longer than I. (错) ②His ruler is longer than mine.(对)
③The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that不能少)
聚焦2008年江苏省中考题
( )1. It was __________ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic无锡市
A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a
( )2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining____________.无锡市
A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily
( )3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _______ of my friends. 苏州市
A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully
( )4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much________she was getting. 南京市
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
( )5. —Did you watch the basketball match last weekend?
—Yes, I did. It was covered________, and I think it was wonderful. 扬州市
A. live B. alive C living D. lively
( )6. The girl's voice sounds________. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. 淮安市
A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully
( )7. —How are you today, Bob?—I'm even_______now. I don't think the medicine is good for me. 南通市
A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier
( )8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is________to be a famous writer. 宿迁市
A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough energetic
( )9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances________Anita does. 宿迁市
A. so good as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as
( )10. When the fire broke out, many people were so________that they ran________.宿迁市
A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly
( )11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs________days. 宿迁市
A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more
( )12. In the Science Museum, the children felt________to see so many________things. 镇江市
A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing
( )13. It was ______________ music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市
A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful
( )14. Be ________. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. 盐城市
A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful
( )15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open area as ________as possible. 盐城市 A. slowly B. quietly C. widely D. quickly
( )16. I've got nothing to do. I'm ______.徐州市
A. bored B. interested C. excited D. frightened
( )17. She was ______ well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at the party. 常州市
A. so B. quite C. too D. very
( )18. Peter drives________Amy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel. 常州市
A. much faster than; less B. more slowly than; less
C as fast as; more D. as slowly as; more
二、单词填空:
1. Many Chinese have trouble using a knife and fork ______________ (correct). 无锡市
2. When you feel tired, you’d better wear ___________ (energy) colours, such as green. 无锡市
3. Don’t get ____________ (patient) about your personal trouble. 无锡市
4. _____________ (医疗的) workers are badly needed in those earthquake-hit areas. 无锡市
5.Sleep is ____________(必要的) to health. 苏州市
6.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more ________________(舒服地). 苏州市
7.She has been a very_______________(勇敢的)little girl. 苏州市
8.The book should be returned no_____________(迟) than next Friday. 苏州市
9. Susan often goes swimming in summer when it's warm and (晴朗的). 南京市
10. I like working here because everyone is________(friend). 南京市
11. Finally help reached the flood victims in the damaged village_______..(成功).连云港
12. The gui is a top student in her school. Shell go abroad for________study next month. ( far) 扬州市
13. —Do you want to learn how to cook healthy and________food?—Of course, (taste) 扬州市
14. His father was looking________at him because he had made a serious mistake. ( angry) 扬州市
15. I could________( 几乎不) find my old house because great changes had taken place there. 淮安市
16. The museum has lots of amazing things. It's________(值得) a visit. 南通市
17. I have a weight problem and it's________(必要的) for me to change my diet and take more exercise. 南通
18. It is very________( 有意义的 ) for me to join the Tree-planting Club. 宿迁市
19. The weather today becomes even_________( bad). Why not take a raincoat with you?宿迁市
20. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is_________( polite). 宿迁市
21. How_________(quick) Betty answered the teacher's question! 宿迁市
22. Blue is a calm and________(peace) colour. It can make you feel relaxed. 镇江市
23. "Why didn't you tell me earlier?" the boss shouted_______( 生气). 镇江市
24. Mary was too________( 紧张) to describe the accident clearly. 镇江市
25. If you don’t see the doctor at once, you’ll get even _____________ (ill) later on. 泰州市
26. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire _______________ (successful). 泰州市
27. He is quite an ____________ (energy) man because he always stays up late but gets up early. 泰州市
28.What’s the weather like in your hometown now?It’s usually very ___ (热) and often rains a lot. 盐城市
29. Scientists have found that talking to another person for 10 minutes a day can help you remember things ________ (好) than not to. 盐城市
30. The __________ (high) you climb, the more beautiful view you will see. 徐州市
31. Nancy is patient and she doesn't give up __________ (easy). 徐州市
32. He seemed _________ (friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind.徐州
33. Mary passed her examination because she studied very __________ (努力). 徐州市
34. In the eighteenth century, more people came to America, _________ (主要地,大部分地) Europeans. 徐州
35. It's________(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. 常州市
36. We hope the weather will be fine, but it is getting even________(bad). 常州市
37. The computer is________(广泛) used in our daily life. We can do many things with it. 常州市
聚焦2009年江苏省中考题
( )1. I'm much _____ than my two friends, but I jump _____ of us three. 南通市
A. taller; higher B. shorter; higher C. taller; highest D. shorter; highest
( )2. I like the pop star _____ that I never miss his concert. 南通市
A. very much B. too much C. quite much D so much
( )3. Lily is ______ hard-working than any other student in her class. 淮安市
A. much B. more C. most D. the most
( )4 . Grandma, you must feel _________after cleaning the house. Let's take a rest. 淮安市
A. tired B. well C. good D. angry
( )5. Curing sick people is ________ important________ doctors must be careful. 泰州市
A. too, to B. so, that C. enough, to D. such, that
( )6. —John sings so well. Has he ever been trained?
—No. He learns all by himself. He____________ goes to any training class. 常州市
A. usually B. often C. never D. even
( )7. —Mark speaks English well, but you____________ him. —Thank you. 常州市 .
A. speak as badly as B. speak worse than
C. don’t speak so badly as D. speak much better than
( )8. Love will ______ last if we love the whole fine things around us. 盐城市
A. seldom B. always C. never D. sometimes
( )9. I'm his best friend. I know him well probably ______ than anyone else. 盐城市
A. less B. wider C. better D. deeper
( )10. That lady is a vegetarian(素食主义者). She _______ eats meat. 镇江市
A. often B. sometimes C. seldom D. usually
( )11. Li Lianjie often donates much money to poor people. He is a well-known _______ actor. 镇江市
A. creative B. generous C. modest D. confident
( )12.We arrived_________late that there were seats left.苏州市
A.much B.too C.so D.very
( )13.Of the two T-shirts,I’d choose the_________one to save some money for a book.苏州市
A.cheapest B.cheaper C.more expensive D.most expensive
( )14. —Was Henry late for the concert yesterday?
—No. He got there even ten minutes ___________ than us two. 扬州市
A. earlier B. earliest C. later D. latest
( )15. The question is_________ that nobody can answer it. 宿迁市
A. very hard B. too difficult C. strange enough D. so strange
( )16. I find this computer game _____ to play. 无锡市
A. enough easy B. easy enough C. enough easily D. easily enough
( )17. -Which of those radios sounds _____? -The smallest one. 无锡市
A. good B. well C. better D. best
二、单词填空:
1. Miss Li is _________ (严格的) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in our school. 南通市
2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim _________ (单独)in the river. 南通市
3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. I'm sure it will be used _______ (wide) in the world. 淮安市
4. Eating too much fast food is not ________ (health). 淮安市
5. ____________(lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last. 泰州市
6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very ________ (comfortable) . 7. --The radio says it will be ________ (rain) tomorrow, so we can't have a picnic in the park.
--What a pity! 泰州市
8. Congratulations! You’ve answered all the questions (正确地). 常州市
9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe. 常州市
10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are (health) food. 常州市
11. ---Will you take the trainers? ---Of course. They are very_________(舒服的). 连云港
12.With the help all over the world, the children in Sichuan are living________(幸福的). 连云港
13. Jane is my English teacher. She likes wearing _________ (红色的) dresses. 南京市
14. -Where is Peter from? -He is French, if I remember _________ (correct). 南京市
15. -This pair of shoes is too tight. Could I try a pair in a _________ (big) size? 南京市
16. What a _______ (sun) day today! Let's go hiking. 徐州市
17. I'm _______ (true) sorry I can't go with you. I have a lot to do this afternoon. 徐州市
18. The basketball team was _______ (luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. 徐州市
19. Of the two coats, I'll choose the _________ (便宜)one to save some money for a book. 盐城市
20. We can _________ (容易地)forgive a child who is afraid of the dark, but we can't forgive
an adult who is afraid of the light. 盐城市
21. ______________ (幸好), I caught the early bus and got to the railway station just in time. 盐城市
22. I like listening to light music. It can make me feel ________ (relax). 镇江市
23. Tom had an accident yesterday. His teacher sent him to the hospital ________ (quick) 镇江市.
24. It's so __________ (不公平的)! Mary gets more money. 镇江市
25. The snow is ________ (厚的) today than yesterday. What about playing with snow outside? 镇江市
26. Why do you think you did so (糟糕地)in your test? 苏州市
27. She looks (熟悉的)to me,but I don’t remember her name苏州市.
28. Every morning many people will gather in the Tian’anmen Square to watch the rising of our
flag.(国家的)扬州市
29. Thanks for your suggestions. (宝贵的)扬州市
30. The coming bus is . Please let the old get on first. (crowd)扬州市
31. This question is very___________(容易的). Every one of us can answer it. 宿迁市
32. What an __________ (enjoy) journey they had the day before yesterday! 无锡市
33. The __________ (humour) story made all of us laugh. 无锡市
34. You have to be __________ (耐心的)if you are waiting at the end of a long queue. 无锡市
备战2010年一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. ____________ (luck), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ____________ (quick).
4. She is __________ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are ___________ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ___________ of that.(high)
7. Allie asked me ___________ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive _____________(careful).
9. ---This digital camera is really cheap!---The ______ , the better.(cheap) I’m short of money, you see.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ____________ (large) island in China.
形容词、副词2008年中考题答案:
一、1-5 ADDBA 6-10 ABBBC 11-15 BDDBD 16-18 AAA
二、1.correctly 2. energetic 3. impatient 4. Medical 5.neccessary
6. comfortably 7. brave 8. later 9.sunny 10. friendly 11.successfully
12. further 13. tasty 14. angrily 15. hardly 16. worth 17.necessary
18. meaningful 19. worse 20. impolite 21. quickly 22. peaceful 23. angrily
24. nervous 25. worse 26. successfully 27. energetic 28. hot 29. better
30. higher 31. easily 32. unfriendly 33. hard 34. mostly
35. unfriendly 36. worse 37. widely
2009年中考题:
一、1-5 DDBAB 6-10 CDBCC 11-15 BCBAD 16-17 BD
二、1. strict 2. alone 3. widely 4. healthy 5. Luckily 6. uncomfortable
7. rainy 8. correctly 9.Luckily 10. healthy 11. comfortable
12. happily 13. red 14. correctly 15. bigger 16. sunny 17. truly
18. unlucky 19.cheaper 20.easily 21. Luckily 22. relaxed 23. unfair
24. thicker 25.badly 26.familiar 27. national 28. valuable
29. crowded 30.easy 31. enjoyable 32. humorous 33. patient
备战2010年:
一、1.Luckily 2. widely 3. quickly 4. better 5. proud 6.highly
7. politely 8. carefully 9. cheaper 10. largest