中考英语专题复习定语从句 4页

中考英语专项复习——定语从句 ‎【定语从句命题】‎ 根据对定语从句部分中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：‎ 1． 定语从句的功用和结构 2． 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3． 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 ‎【考点诠释】‎ 一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句 ‎1．通常只能用that的情况 ‎1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。‎ ‎2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，‎ the only．the very．the last等修饰时。‎ ‎3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。‎ ‎【考例】Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈尔滨市]‎ A. that B. when C. who ‎2．通常只用which的情况 ‎(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。‎ ‎(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which，不用that。‎ ‎(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。‎ ‎【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics. [成都市]‎ A. who B. those C. which 二、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句 ‎(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。who而不用which。‎ ‎(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom，who。‎ ‎(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，它相当于the+名词+of +which／whom；非限制性定语从句中还有 “代词／数词+of +which／whom"结构。‎ ‎【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. [广东省]‎ A. who B. whose C. which D. whom ‎--Do you know the man __is running along the street?‎ ‎--Yes. He is our English teacher. [长沙市]‎ A. who B. which C. whom 三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句 它们相当于“介词+which"，其中where=in／at +which；when=at／in／during +which；why=for +which。‎ ‎(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。‎ ‎（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。‎ ‎(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必 须是表示原因的名词。‎ ‎【考例】 (绵阳中考)Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters．‎ A．which B．where C．that D ．when 五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查 当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom"，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。‎ ‎【考例】Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? (湖北黄石)‎ A. who  B. whom  C. with whom   D. which ‎【语法回顾】‎ 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。‎ 关系代词、副词 作用 先行词 例句 that， who，‎ whom(只做宾语)‎ 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?‎ that，which 主语、宾 语、表语 物、时 间、地 点、原 因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her．‎ 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。‎ whose 定语 人物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。‎ The classroom whose window is open is mine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。‎ when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。‎ where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works．这就是我妈妈 工作的学校。‎ why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?‎ 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：‎ ‎1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。‎ This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)‎ The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）‎ ‎2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。‎ The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）‎ The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)‎ ‎3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。‎ The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom. （主语）‎ The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)‎ ‎4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。‎ The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)‎ He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)‎ 三、只用which不用that的情况：‎ ‎1．在介词后只用which，不能用that。‎ This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。‎ ‎2．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。‎ The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。‎ 四、只用that不用which的情况：‎ ‎1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。‎ This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。‎ ‎2．先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。‎ The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。‎ ‎3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用that。‎ Here are all the books that I have.　这就是我所有的书。‎ This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。‎ ‎4．先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。‎ Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。‎ ‎5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。‎ I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。‎ ‎6．先行词是the one时，只能用that。‎ This is the one that you want.　这就是你想要的。‎ ‎7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。‎ Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？‎ 五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。‎ The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。‎ 六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：‎ 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。‎ Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。‎ Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。‎ 七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：‎ 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)‎ He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。‎ That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。‎ 八、关系副词when与where的使用：‎ ‎1．when指时间：‎ I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。‎ ‎2．where指地点(where=in等介词＋which)：‎ This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。‎ 九、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：‎ She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。‎ The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。‎ The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。‎ The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。‎ ‎【中考真题】‎ ‎1.【长沙】—What are you looking for?‎ ‎ —I’m looking for the watch _______ I bought yesterday.‎ ‎ A．which B．who C．whose ‎2.【本溪】 Don’t throw away pens and erasers ________ you haven’t used up.‎ ‎ A. where B. which C. who D. what ‎3.【鞍山】 I can’t find the book ________my mother bought me.‎ A. who B. when C. which D. what ‎4.【遂宁】Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to.‎ ‎ A．that B．what C．when 5. ‎【吉林】—Do you know the little boy _______ is helping the old man cross the road?‎ ‎ —No. But how nice he is!‎ ‎ A. which B. who C. whom ‎6.【成都】-- What kind of music do you like?‎ ‎ --- I like music _____________ I dance to.‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. who ‎ ‎7.【营口】 - Do you know the old man is talking to our head teacher?‎ ‎ - Yes, he’s my grandfather.‎ ‎ A. whom B. whose C. who D. which ‎8.【达州】 —Do you know the girl __________ is standing __________ the tree?‎ ‎ — Yes, she is my friend, Zhang Ying.‎ ‎ A. that, in the front of B. whom , under C. who, in front of D. which, behind ‎9.【莆田】一We are proud of Mo Yan．‎ ‎ 一Yes．He is a great writer＿＿＿won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012．‎ ‎ A．which B．who C．what 10. ‎【柳州】Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company, for______life was once ‎ ‎ very hard.‎ A. whose B. which C. whom ‎11.【山西】It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house______ has new ‎ ‎ furniture in it.‎ A. who B. where C. that ‎12.【茂名】The first thing_______ I am going to do this evening is to write ‎ ‎ to my father.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. who ‎13.【大庆】 The H7N9 bird flu is a disease _______can be very dangerous.‎ A. / B. who C. what D. which ‎14.【德州】Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ‎ ten years ago.‎ A. when B. which D. where D. that ‎ ‎15.【河南】 A friend is someone_____ says, "What! You too? I thought I was ‎ ‎ the only one!”‎ A. who B. which C. what D. whose ‎16.【玉林】一Linda, cm you tell me something about Mo Yan?‎ ‎—Sure. He is the writer ______won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize.‎ A. which B. whose C. who D. whom ‎17.【白银】A Wechat (微信) is an invention ______ can help people talk to ‎ ‎ friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.‎ ‎ A. which B. who C. whose D /‎ 18. ‎【安徽】I still remember the college and the teachers_____________I ‎ ‎ visited in London years ago.‎ ‎ A. what B. who C. that D. which ‎ ‎19．【德州】 Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to.‎ ‎ A. that B. what C. when ‎20.【梅州】 I like the cartoon ______ has a happy ending and makes me ______. ‎ ‎ A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh ‎ ‎ C. whose; laughing D. which; laugh ‎ ‎21.【宜宾】—What kind of music do you like? ‎ ‎ —I like music ______ I can dance to. ‎ ‎ A. because B. when C. who D. that ‎ ‎22.【湛江】 —Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.‎ ‎—Oh? She’s my aunt.‎ ‎ A. what B. who C. where D. when ‎23.【滨州】 Most students like the teachers understand them well.‎ ‎ A. which B. who C. where D. when ‎24.【枣庄】 Most of my classmates prefer loud music _____they can dance to.‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. whose D. where ‎25.【杭州】 Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.‎ ‎ A. who B. what C. that D. whom 26. ‎【内江】 People are talking about the old houses ____ Jackie Chan bought ‎ ‎ in Anhui twenty years ago.‎ ‎ A. which B. where C. who D. when ‎27.【福州】 — Do you know Mo Yan?‎ ‎ — Of course. He is the famous writer _________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. Which 28. ‎【咸宁】 A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students ‎ ‎ graduate from a school.‎ ‎ A. which; when B. that; who C. which; whose D. that; which ‎29.【随州】 —Do you know the man ______ is standing at the door?‎ ‎ —Yes, I do. He's a friend of_____.‎ A. when; I B. who; mine C. that; me D. which; my ‎30.【荆州】 She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .‎ A．who B．that C．which D. whose ‎31.【齐齐哈尔】I’ll remember the old buildings I visited in the village.‎ ‎ A. where B. which C. who ‎32.【天津】 The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.‎ ‎ A. that B. what C. whose D. Who ‎33.【哈尔滨】 —Do you know of Guo Mingyi?‎ ‎ —Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker ______ helps many poor children in China. ‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. whom ‎34.【衡阳】I love the school I have studied in for three years ‎ A. where B. when C. that ‎35.【十堰】 The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where ` D. what ‎36.【孝感】 Teenagers like reading the books _____ are written by Guo Jingjing.‎ ‎ A. who B. what C. whose D. that ‎37.【山西】It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house ______ has new furniture in it. ‎ ‎ A. who B. where C. that ‎ ‎38.【潍坊】 The man_________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.‎ A. which B. whom C. who D. what ‎39.【呼和浩特】 The house________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. ‎ A. which B. that C. in which D. there ‎ ‎40.【鞍山】 I can't find the book __________my mother bought me.‎ A. who B. when C. which ‎41.【株洲】 The Gay Genius is the book I like to read every day.‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. what ‎42.【长沙】 —What are you looking for? ‎ ‎—I’m looking for the watch ____ I bought yesterday. ‎ ‎ A. which B. who C. whose ‎43.【泉州】 —Why is Tom so sad?‎ ‎ —He has lost his new bike _______cost him 1800 yuan.‎ A. who B. which C. whose ‎44.【泰安】 Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut____ has ever traveled ‎ ‎ in space. ‎ ‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ‎ ‎ ‎