中考英语阅读理解解题技巧 4页

‎ 中考英语阅读理解解题技巧 ‎ 　　1 细节事实 　　新课程标准有关阅读最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。 　　1、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式 　　1）True or NOT true 是非判断类型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ……? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ……? 　　2）特殊疑问词提问类型How many ……？What/who/when/where/how/why ……? 　　3）排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ? 　　4）例证题类型The author gives the example in ……paragraph in order to …… 　　5） 表唯一细节概念题类型：……the most / ~est …………the only …… 　　2、细节事实题的解题方法： 　　做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。 　　是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。 　　例证题一定要注意以for example ……, such as ……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most （最高级）、the only（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。‎ Neil/Canada:‎ I like summer best. It’s very cool in my hometown, and it’s nice to have a long and sunny summer. There are a lot of outdoor activities you can take part in, such as going camping. My least favourite is winter, because it’s pretty cold, and you don’t want to go outside. ‎ ‎43. What’s the weather like in Neil’s hometown in summer? ‎ ‎ A. Wet B. Cool C. Windy D. Cloudy ‎ ‎ ‎ 　　2 主旨大意 　　此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。 　　1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式 　　1）主旨句设问类型What is the main idea of this passage？What does the passage maily talk about？We can conclude / learn from the passage that …… 　　2）最佳标题选择类型The best title for this passage is …… 　　3）作者主旨意图类型What does the writer want to tell us？Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage? 　　2、主旨大意题的解题方法 　　主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。在此过程中，观察篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可，无需细读段落内容，以节省时间。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。 　　此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为advise, convince, present, propose, warn等。‎ ‎ Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum. ‎ ‎ If you follow these steps below, you'll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum. ‎ ‎ Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit! ‎ Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as: ‎ ‎•The exhibits(展品)–See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time. ‎ ‎•The history of the museum –There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors(捐赠者). That can make your visit more interesting. ‎ ‎•Activities –See whether there are talks, tours our special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups. ‎ ‎•Cost,food or shortage–It's important how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also need to find out transportation needs, as well as storage for coats, bags etc. ‎ ‎ Learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away something new from your visit.‎ Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around, standing here and studying exhibits there, you may become very tired. So it is important to take breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in museum. ‎ Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else. You can talk over what you’re seeing. A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibit. ‎ ‎51.If we visit a museum with friends, we can____. ‎ ‎ A. share the experience with them B. come up with strange ideas ‎ ‎ C. cut down the cost of the visit D. discuss the next visit plan ‎ ‎3 推理判断 　　此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。 　　推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。‎ New Technology Revolutionizes(变革) Learning More and more people believe that technologies are great for learning. Today, such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses, including language, history and science. ‎ Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning. They say that students now have much more time for discussion in the classroom.Instead of spending valuable class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos, students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion. ‎ The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace. Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces. ‎ The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy. They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn (such as listening to stories and watching movies). The class has become much more interesting and creative. ‎ There are other advantages for students. By using iPads, they can pay more attention to the material and learn more. Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find .Some students spend more time studying now.“I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus, instead of having to wait until I get home,” a student explained. ‎ Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students. They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams. Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other. If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad, he will have fewer opportunities to have face-to-face communication with others. ‎ However, technologies are already a part of most students’ day-to-day lives. As for cheating, teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams. Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part. We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.‎ ‎54. From the passage we can learn that____. ‎ ‎ A. students with iPads have less discussion in class ‎ ‎ B. students get more fun from learning with iPads ‎ ‎ C. iPads help students save time waiting for buses ‎ ‎ D. iPads prevent students from cheating in exams ‎55. The writer probably agrees that____. ‎ ‎ A. teachers can take control of students’ learning ‎ ‎ B. exam results depend a lot on now technology ‎ C. technology in education has a bright future ‎ ‎ D. note-taking is as helpful as video-watching ‎4 词义猜测题 　　词义猜测是利用上下文语境对某些生词、难句做出推测和判断。该题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇的能力，因而，所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围。常见形式有：The word / phrase …… means / refers to ……From the passage ，we can infer the word …… is closest in meaning to ……What does the word …… in paragraph …… mean？ 　　要做好此类题，要注意，第一要熟练掌握大纲单词，平时注意积累生词和短语。第二，要把词放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。第三，注意词、句的位置,确定结构关系。第四，要善于利用连词、代词及词性、同义词法、反义词法等进行判断选择。 记者李楠采写整理 53. What does the expression” at their own pace” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? ‎ ‎ A. According to their own timetable. B. Without their teachers’ help. ‎ ‎ C. Because of their wonderful goals. D. Against their parents’ hope.‎