中考英语复习专题1名词 10页

‎ 中考四轮复习第一轮 专题一：名词 一、名词 ‎ ‎　　1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；‎ ‎　　2．名词所有格的构成及用法；‎ ‎ 3．近义名词的辨析。‎ ‎【考点讲解】‎ ‎　　一、名词的数 ‎　　1．单数和复数 ‎　　　 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：‎ ‎（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys， ‎ ‎ pen→pens,doctor→doctors。‎ 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes， ‎ box→boxes， watch→watches，brush→brushes。‎ ‎（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。‎ ‎（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, ‎ ‎ factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元 ‎ ‎ 音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。‎ ‎（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，‎ ‎ tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，‎ ‎ radio→radios，还有某些词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。‎ ‎　（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, ‎ ‎ half→halves。‎ ‎（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，‎ ‎ tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。‎ ‎　【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men　workers， women teachers。‎ 有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。‎ ‎（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。‎ ‎（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：‎ ‎ ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。‎ ‎（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses， ‎ ‎ goods，ashes，scissors。‎ ‎（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：‎ ‎　　　科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths ‎　 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls ‎　　　其他名词：news, falls ‎2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：‎ ‎（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：‎ ‎　　 The rich man has a lot of money．‎ ‎　　 There is some milk in the bottle．‎ ‎　　 Is there any water in the glass？‎ ‎　　 I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．‎ ‎（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：‎ ‎　　 a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread ‎　　 a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea ‎　　 a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice ‎　　 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：‎ ‎　　 two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water ‎　　 可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。‎ 二、名词的所有格 ‎1. 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。‎ 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a ‎ student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。‎ ‎2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。‎ ‎3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' ‎ ‎ weight, ten dollars' worth。‎ ‎4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this ‎ ‎ term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。‎ ‎5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎　　 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。‎ ‎　　 两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】‎ ‎1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）‎ ‎　These _________ have saved many children’s lives.‎ ‎　A. woman doctors                B. women doctor ‎　C. women doctors                D. woman doctor ‎2. (2004年河北省中考试题)‎ ‎　This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.‎ ‎　A. Anne and Jane              B. Anne’s and Jane’s ‎ C. Anne’s and Jane             D. Anne and Jane’s ‎　　‎ ‎3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)‎ ‎　---Are there any ________ on the farm?‎ ‎ ---Yes, there are some.‎ ‎　A. horse  B. duck  C. chicken  D. sheep ‎4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)‎ ‎ ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?‎ ‎ ---Orange, please.‎ ‎　　 A. hamburger      B. chip       C. tea ‎　　 ‎ ‎　‎ ‎【中考演练1】‎ ‎　　一. 单项填空 ‎1.We went to Dr. Brown’s yesterday. He gave us _____.‎ A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices ‎2. What _____ they’ve got! No wonder they are very happy.‎ A. a good news B. quite a good news C. good news D. little news ‎3. Much ______ to fight against pollution.‎ A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done ‎4. What ______ ! Let’s go swimming.‎ A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather ‎5. You have made _______. You should be more careful.‎ ‎ A. a lot of mistake B. a great deal of mistakes ‎ ‎ C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes ‎6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many________.‎ ‎ A. furnitures B. future C. pieces of future D. pieces of furnitures ‎7. The bookshelf over there is __________.‎ ‎ A. Mary’s and Jane’s B. Mary’s and Jane ‎ C. Mary and Jane’s D. Mary ‘s furnitures ‎8.We saw the guest off at _______ yesterday.‎ ‎ A. the Shanghai’s Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway Station C. Shanghai Railway Station D. The railway Station of Shanghai ‎9. They had a good time at the ______ Palace.‎ ‎ A. children B. Children’s C. Children D. Childrens’ ‎ ‎10. Xiao Li was _____ in my boyhood.‎ ‎ A. my close friend B. mine a close friend ‎ C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me ‎11. These are ______ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _____office.‎ ‎ A. editor-in-chiefs; editor’s- in chief ‎ ‎ B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chief’s ‎ C. editor-in-chief’s; editor’s-in-chief ‎ ‎ D. editor-in-chief’s; editors-in-chief’s ‎12. There are five _______ in our class.‎ ‎ A. Zhang’s B. Zhangs’ C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs ‎13. How far is your school?‎ ‎ A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minutes C. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty-five minutes’ walk.‎ ‎14.Which do you like better, _______ or _______?‎ ‎ A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows ‎15. We’re going to have a ______ next month.‎ A. two day’ holiday B. two day holiday C. two days holiday D. two ‎ days’ holiday ‎16. Who’s a cousin? ‎ ‎ A. Uncle or aunt’s son. B. Uncle or aunt’s daughter C. Uncle’s or aunt’s child. D. Uncle or aunt’s brother or sister.‎ ‎17. She always wears beautiful _______.‎ A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings ‎18. Will you have a little ______? ‎ A. more fishes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes ‎19. There _____ in my class. Which of them do you want to see?‎ A. is John B. are three Johns C. are the John’s D. is the John ‎20. Twenty dollars _____ what he needs.‎ A. was B. were C. is D. has been ‎21. The United Nations ______ a resolution.‎ A. has past B. has passed C. have passed D. has through ‎22. The Arabian Nights ______ a very interesting storybook.‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. had been ‎23. The New York Times ______ a wide circulation(发行额).‎ A. is B. has C. are D. have ‎24. Mathematics(数学) _____ a very important subject.‎ A. are B. is C. were D. was ‎25. His physics ______ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are ‎26. An iron works ______ now.‎ A. is being built B. are being built C. has built D. has been built ‎27. Every means ______ tried to improve teaching and learning.‎ A. has B. has been C. have D. were ‎28. The police _____ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.‎ A. is B. has been C. are D. had been ‎29. I was very excited when I saw so many ____ on the farm.(2006长沙中考题)‎ A. chicken B. sheep C. duck ‎ ‎30. –- I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ______.‎ ‎--- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考题)‎ A. price B. way C. time D. ticket ‎31. — Can I help you?‎ ‎-- I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.(2005黄冈市中考题)‎ A. two pair of shoes B. two pair of shoe ‎ C. two pairs of shoe D. two pairs of shoes ‎32. I’ve read _____ sports news about the F1 race today.‎ A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of ‎ 二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。‎ ‎1. We’ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.‎ ‎2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don’t like this show.‎ ‎3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.‎ ‎4. Autumn is my favourite ____________ (季节).        ‎ ‎5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have? ---Three.‎ ‎6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.(计算机)‎ ‎7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.‎ ‎8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.‎ ‎9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice?‎ ‎---Yes. It’s wonderful!‎ ‎10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let’s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.‎ 三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。‎ ‎　1. “What’s your n_______?”‎ ‎　　  “Li Lei.”‎ ‎　2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?‎ ‎　3. Please close the w______. It’s cold outside.‎ ‎　4. If you want to study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.‎ ‎　5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.‎ ‎　6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.  ‎ ‎　7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.‎ ‎　8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.‎ ‎　9. Health is more important to me than m_______.‎ ‎　10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now ‎【中考演练2】‎ ‎1. Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a __________.‎ ‎ A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note ‎2.—What’s your job, Henry?‎ ‎ --I’m a ________. I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.‎ A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse ‎3. ---Forests are very important to us, aren’t they?‎ ‎ ----Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep _____ from running away.‎ A. trees B. leaves C. water D. grass ‎4. ----Michael likes flying around the world.‎ ‎----I think being a ________is just right for him.‎ ‎ A. pilot B. policeman C. cook D. doctor ‎5. It was very hard for me to make a _____, but I decided to leave my job.‎ A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech ‎6. Something is wrong with my ________. I can’t see anything around me.‎ A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth ‎7. ----Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy?‎ ‎ ----I generally make it a _____ to be up by 7 to read English.‎ ‎ A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule ‎8. ________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _______teachers.‎ ‎ A.A number of ; women B. A number of ;woman ‎ C. A number of ; women D. The number of ;women ‎9. A school in Anshun held an activity called”Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _______ of 1,000 books!‎ A. note B. line C. menu D. list ‎10. ----I want to buy the book “Cold Moutain”. Do you know its ______?‎ ‎----Not really. Maybe three dollars.‎ ‎ A. cover B. size C. color D. price ‎11．--- Where have you been, Tim?‎ ‎　　　 --- I’ve been to ______.‎ ‎　　　A. the Henry house      B. the Henry family ‎　　　C. The Henry’s home    D. Henry’s ‎12．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.‎ ‎　　　A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner ‎13．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .‎ ‎　　　A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once ‎14．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?‎ ‎　　　 --- Certainly.‎ ‎　　　A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of water ‎　　　C. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters ‎15．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.‎ ‎　　　A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear ‎16．There is some _______ on the plate.‎ ‎　　　A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears ‎17．In England, the last name is the  _______ .‎ ‎　　　A. family name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name ‎18．The _______ are going to fly to Beijing.‎ ‎　　　A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans ‎19．The______ has two _______ .‎ ‎　　　A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch ‎20．The little baby has two _______ already.‎ ‎　　　A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths ‎21．What’s your _______ for being late again?‎ ‎　　　A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news ‎22．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.‎ ‎　　--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.‎ ‎　　　A. woman and children   B. women and child ‎　　　C. woman and child    D. women and children ‎23．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.‎ ‎　　　　--- Thanks.‎ ‎　　　A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURS ‎　　　C.THIS SIDE UP   D.NO SMOKING ‎24．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?‎ ‎　　　A. Children’s Day    B. Childrens’s Day ‎　　　C. Childrens Day      D. Children Day ‎25．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?‎ ‎　　　A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room ‎（2011西城二模）完形填空（共12分，每小题1分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。‎ Six months ago my father lost his job. My parents discussed what would be best for my family and agreed that he would be more likely to find work in his field in another city.‎ I was very 36 that they hadn’t asked my opinion. “What about my friends?” I shouted. “And baseball? I’m 37 playing center field. I don’t want to move.”‎ ‎“Jesse!” my mother cried out.‎ But Dad seemed to 38 . “It’s all right,” he told my mother. “His whole life is about to change. We’re all upset (难受) by this 39 .”‎ ‎“I know you don’t believe me now,” my father said quietly, “but something good will come out of all this. I don’t know 40 . Just keep an open mind.”‎ The next few weeks were a blur (模糊的记忆). Dad was in a city 300 miles away, looking for work. Mom and I stayed in our house, knowing that our days there were 41 . When my father called with the news that he had a job, I felt numb（麻木）. ‎ As we 42 away from the house, my mother must have seen the sadness on my face. “Jesse, life goes on,” she said. “A wonderful new life awaits us, but only 43 we work at it.”‎ I thought about those words. I tried to look on the 44 side. “I’ll try, Mom,” I promised in a small voice. However, I was disappointed as we drove into the city.‎ Everything seemed so unfamiliar.‎ Seeing our new neighborhood helped—tall trees and quiet sidewalks welcomed us. Then I noticed our house, and it just kind of looked right to me. Dad 45 out of the front door.‎ ‎“This is it,” he said. “It’s not home yet, but I think that you and your mother might make some decorations to make it look good.”‎ My father was trying to be lighthearted, but I could see that he was a little 46 . I said, “Actually, Dad, I think it looks kind of cool.”‎ Dad went on with 47 . “Believe it or not, the Little League coach lives right across the street! He told me he could use a strong arm in the outfield. I’ll take you to meet him tomorrow.”‎ ‎“I’m ready, Dad,” I said. And I was. ‎ ‎36. A. angry B. worried C. doubtful D. surprised ‎ ‎37. A. mainly B. fortunately C. probably D. finally ‎ ‎38. A. know B. mind C. understand D. agree ‎39. A. disability B. possibility C. difficulty D. uncertainty ‎ ‎40. A. what B. which C. how D. why ‎41. A. lost B. numbered C. spent D. gone ‎ ‎42. A. ran B. broke C. pulled D. kept ‎ ‎43. A. if B. since C. for D. because ‎44. A. wrong B. funny C. bright D. far ‎45. A. jumped B. rushed C. looked D. moved ‎ ‎46. A. proud B. sad C. excited D. nervous ‎ ‎47. A. discoveries B. details C. instructions D. descriptions ‎