中考语法专题学案No9简单句并列句和复合句无答案 6页

初中英语中考一轮语法复习---简单句、并列句和复合句 万老师 ‎【简单句的五种基本句型 】 1.定义：  如果句子只有一个主语或者并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语动词，这样的句子称为简单句。  2.基本结构共有5种，分别是：  （1）. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]  The children are playing happily. ‎ ‎（2）. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] The Greens enjoy living in China.  （3）. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] ‎ 常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如：  （4）. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+IO+DO]  这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：  ① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me.‎ ‎② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. ‎ ‎（5）. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]  We must keep our school clean. ‎ ‎【感叹句】‎ What +adj.+n.+主语+谓语！‎ How+adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语！‎ ‎（2015 苏州）1.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. ________great courage he showed A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ‎（2015 连云港）2.- What________ programme is so attractive?‎ ‎ - The guard of honor of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.‎ ‎ -______ exciting event A. How a B. What an C. How an D. what a ‎【特殊疑问句】‎ ‎（2014 南京）1.---______ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Army?‎ ‎ ---- To learn about different styles of school uniforms.‎ A. What B. Where C.Why D. Which 祈使句 ‎（2015 盐城）Daniel, _______play with the mobile phone while you are walking in the street.‎ ‎ A. don’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t 并列句复习学案 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间不是从属关系，而是平行并列的关系。两个简单句常用并列连词连在一起。结构是：“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常用的并列连词有如下四种：‎ 类型 引导连词 例句 联合并列句 and ‎（和；并且）‎ I tried my best, and I caught up with him at last.‎ 我竭尽全力，最后终于赶上了他。‎ 转折并列句 but ‎（但是）‎ It is raining hard, but I still go to school.‎ 雨下得很大，但是我还是去上学了。‎ 选择并列句 or ‎（或者，否则）‎ Be careful, or you will hurt yourself.‎ 小心点，否则你会伤到自己的。‎ 因果并列句 so ‎（因此，所以）‎ He was ill, so he went to see a doctor.‎ 他病了，所以他去看医生。‎ 注意：and常用于肯定句中，表肯定列举；or常表示选择和否定的列举，常用于选择疑问句或否定句中。‎ ‎1. Read this article, _____ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.(2014 苏州）‎ A.or B. and C. but D. so ‎2. Spend more time talking with your parents, _______they may not well understand you. (2014 安徽）‎ A. or B. so C. and D. but ‎ 连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫做并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又分为表示并列、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。‎ 关系 连词 例句 并列关系 and / both ... and ...‎ ‎/ not only ... but also ...‎ ‎/ neither ... nor ...‎ My father is a teacher and my mother is a nurse.‎ Neither he nor I like to see this film.‎ Not only I but also he will stay here tomorrow.‎ 转折关系 but / however / while I like English, but I am not good at it.‎ I am short, while my brother is very tall.‎ 选择关系 or / either ... or ...‎ You can read this book or that one.‎ Either she or you are going there with me.‎ 因果关系 so / for It was late, so I went home at once.‎ It is morning now, for the birds begin to sing.‎ 中考语法复习专题——复合句 复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。从句须由一个关联词引导。‎ 一、宾语从句 ‎1. 定义：在句子做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。‎ ‎2.引导词的选择 引导词 引导词的作用 that 引导陈述句性的宾语从句，在口语中常被省略。‎ ‎1)在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。2) 接在某些形容词或过去分词后，如sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied。‎ if或whether 引导表示“是否…”的宾从句。一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。‎ wh-word （what, who, which，‎ where, when，how等)‎ 引导的特殊疑问句宾语从句。它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。‎ 特别提醒：☆if和whether的区别：‎ ‎①whether 与or not 的连用。 ‎ E.g. I can’t say whether they can come or not on time.‎ ‎②if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 E.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.‎ ‎3.宾语从句的时态：‎ 如果主句是一般现在时,从句时态根据实际情况，用相应时态；‎ 如果主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去的某一时态,但遇到客观真理,仍然用一般现在时。‎ ‎4.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述语序（即 主语+谓语）。‎ ‎☆当what, which, who 在从句中作主语时语序不变。‎ ‎ what’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’ the trouble? What happened?‎ ‎ 练一练：‎ ‎ (1)-I saw David in the teachers’ office this morning. Do you know ________he was there?‎ ‎ - He went there to hand in his homework. (2015 南京)‎ A. how B. whether C. when D. why ‎(2) – Excuse me, could you tell me __________? (2015苏州)‎ ‎ -- In five minutes.‎ A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will begin C. how long the film has been on D. how long has the film been on ‎(3) – In the UK, a lady usually doesn’t like to be asked__________.‎ ‎ A. whether has she got married B. how old is she ‎ C. where she comes from D. how much she weighs ‎5.宾语从句的否定形式 在主从复合句中，当主句的的主语为第一人称（I，we）谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。‎ 我想她不会和你一起来。 I ____________ think she___________ come with you.‎ ‎6.特殊疑问句的宾语从句与特殊疑问词+to do的转换 She didn’t decide which one she would choose. =She didn’t decide which one______ ______.‎ 二、状语从句 定义：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。一般由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。‎ 时间状语从句：as /when / while当……时; after在……之后; before在……之前; since自从;till / until直到; as soon as 一……就 ‎（1）当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来,即主将从现。‎ ‎（2）till/until/not…until ‎①肯定句：主句+ 谓语动词（延续性动词）+ until /till + 从句.‎ ‎②否定句：主句+ 谓语动词（延续性动词/非延续性动词）+ until + 从句.‎ ‎（3）since“自从”，主句用现在完成时。‎ I _____(teach) English since I ________ (graduate) from university. ‎ 练一练：‎ ‎1. —Do you know________ this afternoon? (2013连云港）‎ ‎—I’m not sure, but I’ll tell you as soon as she ______.‎ ‎ A. how will Betty arrive; starts ‎ B .how Betty will arrive; will start ‎ C. what time will Betty will arrive; will start ‎ D. what time Betty will arrive; starts ‎2. Many people will not realize the importance of health _____they have fallen. (2013淮安）‎ A . until B. while C. when D. after ‎3. —When will the railway that connects the two cities open? (2014常州）‎ ‎ —____ next year. Only two thirds _____ been built.‎ A. Until; has B. Until; have C. Not until; has D. Not until; have ‎4. —They speak perfect English. How long have you learnt it? (2013玄武模拟）‎ ‎ —_____ they were seven years old.‎ ‎ A. Since B. When C. After D. Until ‎（4）as, when, while 表示“当……时……”的典型考法：‎ when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。‎ while则只表示一个时间段。引导从句中常用进行时态。‎ as则强调主句和从句的动作同时进行，主句和从句动词一般用过去时;也可表示“随着……”。‎ 练一练：‎ ‎⑴______________ he was eating his breakfast, his dog was sleeping on the floor.‎ ‎⑵She sang______________ she walked along.‎ ‎⑶It was snowing __________ we got to the airport．‎ ‎4条件状语从句：if(如果)， unless(除非)= if …not… 。‎ You’d better travel around Nanjing with a local tour guide________ you want to know more about its culture.‎ A. unless B. until C. although D. if ‎ ‎5目的状语从句通常由so that/in order that(以便，所以)引导。‎ 从句的谓语动词常含有may/might/can/could/will/would等情态动词。‎ 目的状语从句可与in order to do sth.互换。‎ ‎6 结果状语从句 ‎⑴通常由so…that/ such…that引导。‎ so…that “如此的…以致于”‎ ‎① 连系动词v+so+ 形容词 that 从句_____________.‎ 行为动词v+so +副词 　 ‎ ‎②so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that　　 ③so＋many/much＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that ‎ such…that　“如此的…以致于” ①such＋a(an)＋形＋名词单数＋that ②such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that ‎1.(2012苏州) It was _____lovely weather ____we decide to spend the day on the beach.‎ A. such a ; that B. such ;that C. such ;as D. so ;that ‎2.《中指》Did you catch what the teacher said?‎ ‎ No. She spoke so fast______ I couldn’t hear her very clearly.‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. when D. what ‎7 原因状语从句通常由because/since/as引导。‎ because表示直接原因，语气最强；回答由why提出的问题，只能用because回答。since 表示大家已知的事实，意为“既然”。as语气最弱。‎ ‎1）— What shall we do now? — ______ it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. 【2011连云港】‎ ‎ A. So B. Since C. Though D. If ‎8 让步状语从句通常由although/though等引导。不能与but出现在同一个复合句里。‎ ‎　____Mike didn’t win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face.(2015 上海)‎ ‎ A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because　‎ 三、定语从句 ‎.定义： 在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。放在名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为引导词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词。基本结构：先行词+关系代词+ 从句 。‎ E.g. Have you found the information about famous people__________ you can use for the presentation?‎ A. that B. whose C. whom D. what ‎3.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。定语从句根据表达的需要选用相应的时态。‎ Tom is one of the boys who ______ from the USA. (be ) ‎ ‎4.特别提醒：‎ ‎⑴当关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略；做宾语时，可以省略。‎ The girl______ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. ‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ‎⑵只能用 that的情况：‎ ‎①当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰: ‎ One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.‎ A. what B. who C. that D. / ‎ ‎②先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.‎ The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate。‎ ‎【课后巩固】‎ ‎⑴The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.‎ A. whose B. when C. who D. that【2012江苏南京】‎ ‎⑵The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. ‎ ‎ A. what B. which C. who D. that ‎(3)The old theatre will close soon__________ some extra donations are made. ‎ A. so B. if C. because D. unless ‎ ‎(4)The First Huaguoshan International Golf Open was __________ success that we enjoyed ourselves very much.‎ ‎ A. such a great B. a such great C. so a great D. a so great ‎(5)Good to see you again. It’s almost three years_______ we met last time. ‎ A. until B. before C. while D. since ‎(6)Scientists say it may be a few years ______it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. ‎ A. because                   B. after                  C. before                D. since ‎ ‎(7)—The light in his office is still on. Do you know ____________? ‎ ‎—In order to prepare for tomorrow’s meeting. ‎ A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late ‎ C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working ‎