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Part1 Listening
I.Listening Comprehension(共30分)
A.Listen and choose the right picture（6分）
1._______ 2._______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______
B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(10分)
7. A. Skating. B. Swimming. C. Skiing. D. Sailing.
8. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. D. Rainy.
9. A. Vegetables. B. Dairy products. C. Fruits. D. Candies.
10.A. An iPad. B. An MP4. C. A book. D. A PSP.
11. A. English. B. Chinese. C. Physics. D. Maths.
12.A. Blue. B. Red. C. Green. D. Grey.
13. A. Listen to the music. B. Listen to the international news.
C. Turn on the radio. D. Know the time of the program.
14. A. He wants to eat more fish. B. He doesn’t want to eat more fish.
C. The fish is not fresh enough. D. The fish is not very tasty.
15. A. In the cinema. B. In the restaurant. C. In the library. D. In the supermarket.
16. A. 63980264 B. 63982064. C. 63981064. D. 63980164.
C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（7分）
17. We need plants because we can not only eat them, but also enjoy their beauty.
18. If we don’t have plants, our life will not be so colourful.
19. We have parks just because of the beautiful smells of trees and flowers.
20. People like to design their houses with room of grass and a swimming pool.
21. The experiment is about two seeds planted in the same place with different ideas.
22. The loved plant had more and longer roots, a thicker stem(茎) and more leaves.
23. The other plant might die after six months because it only got hopeless ideas.
D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences（7分）
24. Almost everyone reads the ________ paper the newspaper boy has delivered.
25. The paper is often very ________ because it has many advertisements and different sections.
26. The adults in the family like the ________ page, the editorial(社论) page and the world news section.
27. Many men like reading the ________ pages and financial(金融的) pages.
28. The mother of the family usually read the ________ page, but most men don’t.
29. Older people read the death notices to know who have ________ during the week.
30. From the passage, we know everyone can read ________ from the paper.
Part2 Vocabulary and Grammar
II. Choose the best answer
31. “Who knows ________ answer to the question?” the teacher asked.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
32. Joyce wrote an article ________ how to improve our memory for the school newspaper.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
33. In the modern world, ________ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.
A. a few B. few C. lots of D. some
34. The Greens and the Browns ________ next-door neighbours for many years .
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
35. It is nice ________ into a new house with a beautiful garden.
A. moving B. moves C. move D. to move
36. Alice likes to ________ the little puppy and hold it in her arms.
A. set up B. pick up C. get up D. give up
37. Steven completed the science test ________ in our class yesterday.
A. most quickly B. more quickly C. less quickly D. quickly
38.______ super calculators computers are!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
39. We will remember the picture ________ it is silly, strange and colourful.
A. unless B. if C. before D. after
40. --Have you brought with you? We won’t have time to come back.
--Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
41. Speak louder everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.
A. so that B. in order to C. since D. because
42. It doesn’t look like rain, so you bring your umbrella with you.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
43. The taxi base fare (起步价) in Shanghai ________ from 12 yuan to 14yuan last August.
A. raised B. was raised C. has raised D. has been raised
44. He was unaware of the mistakes he made in the report. The underlined part means ________.
A. didn’t think about B. didn’t see C. didn’t know D. didn’t want
45. The actress is at least 50, but she looks ________ than she really is.
A. very young B. much younger C. very old D. much older
46. Flora told us such a funny joke that it made all of us ________.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
47. I imagine you’re tired from the journey. The underlined part means ________.
A. guess B. plan C. wonder D. hope
48. Jack, you’d better ________ too many soft drinks. It’s bad for your health.
A. not to have B. to have C. not have D. have
49. I’d like to see you off at the airport. Could you tell me ________?
A. when your plane took off B. when did your plane take off
C. when your plane takes off D. when does your plane take off
50. -- Why don’t we have a get-together next week?
-- ________
A. Yes, please. B. No, thanks. C. That’s a good idea. D. I’m sorry.
III. Complete the following passage with the words or expression in the box. Each word can only be used once(8分)
A.phones
B.except
C.common
D.keeps
E.different
F.besides
G.inside
H.suggest
I.at the end of
According to Xinhua News Agency, 3,000 yellow school buses started their service in Chongqing ___51___ 2011. These school buses are like the ones in the US as we usually see on TV and in movies.
The school buses are bright yellow in colour. They are stronger than the army's cars. They are from the US. The yellow school bus has a big nose. This ___52___ the students safe when other cars crash into the school bus. The bus also has some safety devices (设备), such as warning lights and a stop signal arm.
In the US, yellow school buses are very ___53___. There are about 480,000 school buses in the country. Usually, the yellow school buses are free to ride.
In China, school buses became popular in the past few years. On the bus, ___54___ the busdriver, there is always a teacher whose duty is to watch the students. Children usually rest on the bus. Some of them also recite texts. School buses in China are not free. The fee is ___55___ from school to school.
More about yellow school buses in the US
Yellow became the colour of school buses in 1939. American educator, Frank W. Cyr ___56___ it. The colour helped other cars to see the buses. In the early morning, the black letters on the yellow bus are easy to see.
Kids can listen to music, talk on their ___57___ or just sleep. But they can't place things in the aisle (过道). They should keep their heads and arms ___58___ the bus. It is not a good idea to talk to the bus driver -- the driver needs to pay attention to the road.
IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper
forms(8分)
59.He turned off the light and the room was in complete ________. (dark)
60. My grandfather began to learn English in his ________. (sixty)
61. The girl felt ________ because she couldn’t go swimming with her friends. (boring)
62. Ben promised ________ to keep the secret for his sister, Kitty. (faithful)
63. Mary tried her best to learn Physics well and she ________ at last. (success)
64. You must judge a person by his ________, not by what he says. (act)
65. We all think Helen is a __________ secretary. (responsibility)
66. Steve Jobs’ ________ made the fans of Apple from all over the world very sad. (die)and arms ___58___ the bus. It is not a good idea to talk to the bus driver -- the driver needs to pay attention to the road.
V. Rewrite the sentences as required（14分）
67. There is some food and drinks in the fridge. (改为否定句)
There is ________ food ________ drinks in the fridge.
68. The boss will have a face-to-face talk with him next week. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the boss have a face-to-face talk with him?
69. It is convenient to send and receive messages on a mobile phone. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ it is to send and receive messages on a mobile phone!
70. Tina liked watching TV better than reading comic books when she was young. (保持句意基本不变)
Tina ________ watching TV ________ reading comic books when she was
young.
71. If I can’t find my bike, I’ll have to walk to school every day. (保持句意基本不变)
________ I ________find my bike, I’ll have to walk to school every day.
72. People should take good care of the aged everywhere. (改为被动语态)
The aged should ________ ________ good care of everywhere.
73. Miss White said, “I often fly to Singapore for meetings.” (改为间接引语)
Miss White said that ________ often ________ to Singapore for meetings.
Part3 Reading and Writing
VI. Reading comprehension(共50分)
A.Choose the best answer（12分）
A businessman, who was very fond of music, was asked by a poor widow to give her some help. Her husband, who was a musician, had died, and left her very poor indeed.
The businessman saw that the widow and her daughter, who was with her, were in great distress. He looked with pity into their pale faces, and was sure that their sad story was true.
'How much do you want, my good woman?' said the businessman.
'Five dollars will save us,' said the poor widow, with some hesitation, after she thought for a few seconds.
The businessman sat down at his desk, took a piece of paper, wrote a few lines on it, and gave it to the widow with the words, 'Take it to the bank you see on the other side of the street.'
The widow thanked the man, and then quickly walked to the bank with her daughter, without stopping to read the note. The banker at once counted out fifty dollars instead of five, and passed them to the widow.
She was amazed when she saw so much money. 'Sir, there is a mistake here,' she said. 'You have given me fifty dollars, and I asked for only five.'
The banker looked at the note once more, and said, 'The check calls for fifty dollars.'
The banker then asked her to wait a few minutes, while he went to see the businessman who gave her the note.
'Yes,' said the businessman, when he had heard the banker's story, 'I did make a mistake. I wrote fifty instead of five hundred. Give the poor widow five hundred dollars, for such honesty is poorly rewarded(奖赏) with even that sum.'
74. From the story, we can guess that a widow is a woman who ______.
A. has lost her husband B. loves her husband very much
C. is very poor D. has a daughter but no sons
75. ______ most probably has nothing to do with (和……无关) the word distress in the second paragraph.
A poor family B. A pale face
C. A sad story D. A music lover
76. The businessman probably wrote the fifty-dollar check ______.
A. in the widow's home B. in his own office
C. in the banker's office D. on the other side of the street
77. On her way to the bank, the widow ______.
A. thought she would get five dollars B. stopped to read the note
C. knew she would get fifty dollars D. felt very amazed
78. The businessman's last sentence at the end of the story means ______.
A. the banker should give the widow some money to reward her for her honesty
B. he felt better if he gave the widow fifty dollars instead of five hundred
C. the widow was poor, so she should get a sum of five hundred dollars
D. the widow was honest, so she should get more money as a reward
79. From the story we know that the businessman was ______.
A. rich and generous B. poor and honest
C. warm-hearted but careless D. polite but helpless
B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(12分)
What do you, the trees and a hamster have in common? Don't know the answer? You all ___80___ water. All living things must have water, whether they get it from a river, a rain cloud or a little bottle on one side of a hamster cage.
Without water, your body would stop ___81___. A person can't live without water for more than a few days. Why? Your body has lots of jobs and it needs water to do many of them. ___82___, your blood needs a lot of water to carry oxygen to every part of your body. Water also helps to protect your body from illness, to digest(消化) your food and to ___83___ waste. So, everyone needs to drink water.
___84___ water is so important, you might want to know whether you're drinking enough. Of course, you should drink when you are thirsty. But when it's hot, you'll need more. Be sure to drink some extra(额外的) water when you're
out in ___85___, especially while doing sports or exercising. If you can help your body by drinking when you're thirsty and when it's hot, your body will be able to do all of its wonderful jobs and you'll feel great!
80. A. have B. drink C. need D. get
81. A. living B. working C. growing D. thinking
82. A. In addition B. For example
C. By the way D. ln other words
83. A. keep off B. give away C. get rid of D. run out of
84. A. If B. While C. Although D. Since
85. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(14分)
The Economist Intelligence Unit (《经济学人》情报组) is the world's leading resource for economic and business research. Every year, the EIU makes a list of the best cities to live in a___86___ the world. It has its own ideas for scoring, for example: Is the city s___87___? Is the air clean? Are the schools good?
Melbourneis at the t___88___ of the list in every category. People get along well there. Trees and grass c___89___ 40 percent of the city. People ride streetcars(有轨电车) and there aren't many cars, s___90___ the air is clean.
As a result, according to the EIU's survey, Melbourne is the best city in the world to live in.
Viennais No.2 on the list. It is the capital of Austria. The city is famous for its culture and art. As 'the city of music', Vienna has a lot of big c___91___.
The third city on the list is Vancouver, Canada. It used to be No.1 on the list. But this time, the city got f___92___ points because of its traffic jams. Will it get its place back next year?
D.Answer the questions(12分)
Exam time is the most stressful (压力重的) period of the year. You have worked all school term on your classes and now it’s the time to prove what you have learned. With so much at stake (处于成败关头), it is easy to get stressed about your exams. However, with the right amount of hard work and focus you can pass your tests with ease!
When I was in school, I used to get very stressed over my exams.
people stopped eating and others ate too much! Some gave up and others burned themselves out! The most important thing to remember when studying is not to feel frightened! Take the middle path -- stay calm, eat healthy and get a rest. Pushing yourself too hard is just as dangerous as not studying enough. A tired, overworked brain is just as useless as a lazy, empty one!
So, what should you do? Arrange a time each day for study and a time for relaxation. You may have less time to relax than usual, but you still need to let your brain rest for a few moments. Get plenty of sleep. If you are tired, information will not stick in your memory. Finally eat healthy foods that fuel your body and mind.
It does no good to think too much about your exams. Some students may think that the rest of their life depends on them. That's not true. Instead, just view the exams as another difficulty you will overcome. You have overcome all kinds of difficulties in your life so far. With the right amount of work and focus, you will pass your exams with flying colours! High school is right around the corner!
93. What is the most stressful period of the year?
94. How can we pass the tests with ease?
95. What did the writer's friends do when they got stressed over their lessons?
96. Which is more dangerous, pushing ourselves too hard or not studying enough?
97. Why should we get enough sleep during exam time?
98. What will you do to deal with exam stress next time?t1:place> has a lot of big c___91___.
VII. Writing（共20分）
99. Write at least 60 words about the topic “Everybody needs help”. （以“每个人都需要帮助”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a reference. （以下问题仅供参考）
a)Do you agree that everybody needs help?
b)Have you ever got help from others? (Tell your experiences.)
c)What do you do when other people are in trouble? (Give exampl而是)
长宁区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷·参考答案
Part 1 Listening
I. Listening Comprehension
A. Listen and choose the right picture
1. Boating on the lake is great fun in summer. （B）
2.Timmy has a new car and he goes to work in it every morning.(A)
3.I pass a church on my way home from school every day. (F)
4.Shall we go for a picnic in Century Park this Sunday? (D)
5.It’s much faster to travel by underground than by bus in Shanghai.(C)
6.David and Lily have got used to running in the playground early in the morning.(G)
B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear
7. M: My favourite sport is skating. What about yours, Alice?
W: I like swimming best.
Q: What’s the girl’s favourite sport?(B)
8. M: What a sunny day today! Shall we go out for a barbecue if it is fine tomorrow?
W: But the weather report says we’ll have rain. The weather is changeable these days.
Q: What will the weather be like tomorrow?(D)
9. M: What have you bought in the supermarket?
W: I’ve bought some apples, peaches, pears and grapes.
M: Are these all for our party?
W: Yes, of course.
Q: What did the woman buy in the supermarket?(C)
10. M: Oh, dear, Jenny did well in the final exam. Shall we give her a prize?
W: Yes, that’s a good idea. What about an iPad?
M: An iPad is fine, but it’s too expensive. How about an MP4?
W: Good. She’d really like it.
Q: What prize will Jenny get from her parents?(B)
11. W: I’d like to be an English teacher. What about you, George?
M: I don’t think I’ll be an English teacher. I’m not good at English.
W: Which subject are you good at?
M: My maths and physics are much better than Chinese. So I’ll possibly be an engineer.
Q: Which subject does the girl do well in?(A)
12. M: What can I do for you, Miss?
W: The style of the dress is good. But I don’t like the green color. Do you have any other color?
M: We have a red one and a blue one. Which do you prefer?
W: I prefer the blue one.
Q: What color will the woman choose?(A)
13. W: Please turn on the radio, John. It’s nearly nine o’clock.
M: What program do you prefer?
W: There’s some cheerful music on.
M: I’d rather listen to the international news if you don’t mind.
W: All right.
Q: What does John want to do? (B)
14. M: Doris, the fish you cooked is really delicious.
W: I am very glad you like it, Ken. Have some more, please.
M: Thank you. But I am already full.
Q: What does Ken mean? (B)
15. M: Do you have any books about the Smurfs?
W: Yes, of course. They’re on the fifth shelf over there.
M: How long can I keep the books?
W: For two weeks.
Q: Where does this dialogue probably take place?(C)
16. M: May I speak to Mr. Right, please?
W: There is no one by the name of Right here.
M: Is your number 63980164?
W: No, it’s 63980264. You’ve got the wrong number.
Q: What’s Mr. Right’s telephone number?(D)
C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false
Without plants, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe oxygen that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty.
Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes. Imagine, when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side.
Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden.
Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention?
There is an experiment about two seeds planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. How about the other one?5.75pt; mso-char-indent-count:1.5'>Q: Where does this dialogue probably take place?
(17. T 18. T 19. F . 20. F 21. F 22. T 23. T)
D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences
Many people go to church on Sunday, but others don’t. Many people sleep late on Sunday morning, but others don’t. Some people work on Sunday, but most don’t. However, almost everyone reads the Sunday paper. The newspaper boy has delivered it.
Often the paper is very thick. It has many advertisements and many different sections. The adults in the family like the front page, the editorial page and the world news section. Many men also read the sports pages and financial pages.
Most men don’t read the women’s page, but the mother of the family usually does. The women’s pages have news about parties and marriages, and advice about food, health and clothes.
Most Sunday papers have comics which children enjoy. Older people read the death notices, which tell about people who have died during the week.er the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. How about the other one?5.75pt; mso-char-indent-count:1.5'>Q:
Where does this dialogue probably take place?
There is something for everyone in the Sunday paper.
(24. Sunday 25. thick 26. front 27. sports 28. women's 29. died 30. something)
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar
II. Choose the best answer
31. C 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. A 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. C
III.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once
51. I 52. D 53. C 54. F 55. E 56. H 57. A 58. G
IV.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms
59. darkness 60. sixties 61. bored 62. faithfully
63. succeeded 64. action(s) 65. responsible 66. death
V.Rewrite the following sentences as required
67. no or 68. When will 69. How convenient 70. prefferred to
71. Unless can 72. be take 73. she flew
Part 3 Reading and Writing
VI.Reading Comprehension
A.Choose the best answer
74. A 75. D 76.B 77. A 78. D 79. A
B.Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage
80. C 81. B 82. B 83. C 84. D 85. B
C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words
86. around 87. safe 88. top 89. cover 90. so 91. concerts 92. fewer
D.Answer the questions
93. Exam time (is the most stressful period of the year).
94. We can pass the tests with ease with the right amount of hard work and focus. / With the right amount of hard work and focus.
95. Some stopped eating and others ate too much. / Some gave up and others burned themselves out.
96. They're as dangerous as each other. / Pushing ourselves too hard is as dangerous as not studying enough./Both of them are dangerous.
97. Because if we are tired, information will not stick in our memory.
98. (For reference only) I will stay calm, eat healthy and get a rest. / I will arrange a time each day for study and a time for relaxation. / I will let my brain rest for a few moments every day.
- 高氯酸对阿胶进行湿法消化后, 用导数火焰原子吸收光谱技术测定阿胶中的铜、“中药三大宝, 人参、鹿茸和阿胶。”阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史, 历代宫① 马作峰.论疲劳源于肝脏[J].广西中医药,2008,31(1):31.① 史丽萍,马东明, 解丽芳等.力竭性运动对小鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响[J]. 辽宁中医杂志,① 王辉武,吴行明,邓开蓉.《内经》“肝者罢极之本”的临床价值[J] . 成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):9.① 杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.1 运动性疲劳与肝脏① 张俊明.“高效强力饮”增强运动机能的临床[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1989，8（2）：10117 种水解蛋白氨基酸。总含量在56.73%～82.03%。霍光华②采用硝酸-硫酸消化法和18（4）：372-374.1995,206．2② 林华,吕国枫,官德正等. 衰竭运动小鼠肝损伤的实验性[J].天津体育学院党报, 1994,9(4):9-11.② 凌家杰.肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报.2003，2（6）31.② 凌家杰.肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报.2003，23（6）：31.② 谢敏豪等.训练结合用中药补剂强力宝对小鼠游泳耐力与肌肉和肝Gn, LDH 和MDH 的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂② 杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.2.1 中药复方2.2 单味药33 阿胶和复方阿胶浆③ 常世和等.参宝片对机体机能影响的[J].中国运动医学杂志，1991，10（1）：49.③ 聂晓莉，李晓勇等.慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立及其对肝功能的影响[J]. 热带医学杂志，2007,7(4)：323-325.3.1 概述3.2 关于阿胶和复方阿胶浆医疗保健作用的3.2.1 营养成分和评价3.2.2 阿胶的药理作用3.2.3 阿胶的临床应用4④ Xie MH, etal．Effects of "Hong jing tian she 1u" on reproductive axis function and exercise capacities in men. The5⑤ 周志宏等．补肾益元方对运动小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志，2001，20（1）：83-84202-204.5`"InternationalCourseandConferenceonPhysiologicalChemistry and Natrition of exercise and training (Abstract)6⑥ 杨维益等．中药复方“体复康”对运动性疲劳大鼠血乳酸、p 一内啡肤、亮氨酸及强啡肤Al-13 影响的实验研⑥。仙灵口服液可提高机体运动能力，加速运动后血乳酸的消除。F3 口服液能调整PCO2⑧ 孙晓波等．鹿茸精强壮作用的[J].中药药理与临床，1987，3（3）：11.⑨ 于庆海等．高山红景天抗不良刺激的药理[J]．中药药理与临床，1995，7（7）：283.⑩ 牛锐．淫羊藿炮制前后对小鼠血浆睾丸酮及附近性器官的影响[J]．中国中药杂志，1989,14(9):18．P<0.01), 其他肝功能相关指标未见异常(P> 0.05) 。肝脏是动物机体重要脏器之一,Pi，同疲），肝主筋，人之运动皆由于筋，故为罢极之本”。人体肝脏的功能活动也必阿胶, 味甘性平, 入肺、肝、肾经, 具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。《神农本阿胶,又称驴皮胶,为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块,是中国医药宝库中阿胶、熟地配伍能使补而不滋腻, 共奏益气补血之功, 主要治疗各种原因导致的气血阿胶对细有促进作用；提示阿胶能提高机体免疫功能。 另外阿胶具阿胶具有很好的止血作用，常用来治疗阴虚火旺、血脉受伤造成的出血。比如，阿胶能治疗缺铁性贫血，再生障碍性贫血等贫血症状，阿胶对血小板减少，白细阿胶是一类明胶蛋白，经水解分离得到多种氨基酸，阿胶具有很多的药理作用和阿胶又称驴皮胶, 为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块。中药界有句口头禅:阿胶中的营养成分比较多，主要有蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸、金属元素、硫酸皮肤。把阿胶应用于运动员或人群中的实践应用性，具有很大的潜力和市场前景，白血病、鼻咽癌、食道癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等。阿胶不温不燥，老少皆宜，一年四季均伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，胞减少等症也具有效果明显效果；另外，经配伍，阿胶可用来治疗多种出血症。医学保健作用，阿胶具有耐缺氧、耐寒冷、抗疲劳和增强免疫功能作用；同时，阿胶具有本文的目的意义有以下两个方面：一是通过阿胶的抗疲劳能力，来进一
本以运动性疲劳相关症状明显的篮球运动员为对象，以谷丙转氨酶、谷表明，阿胶还用于治疗妊娠期胎动不安，先兆流产,习惯性流产等。对于月经病步了解运动员服用阿胶以后，不但能够使男女运动员的谷草转氨酶含量水平、谷丙转参促进人体对糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物质的合理利用, 并使剧烈运动时产生的乳草经》将其列为上品。《本草纲目》载阿胶“疗吐血衄血, 血淋尿血, 肠风下痢, 女草转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、总胆红素、白蛋白和白蛋白/球蛋白含量水平为测定指标，产生运动。从中医学的观点来看，筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束，膜是筋的延长和扩布；常所说的肌腱和韧带等器官，韧带和肌腱坚韧有力。通过韧带和肌腱伸缩牵拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就说明了筋的功能受到肝脏的调节, 所以, 医家大多从筋与肝相关的角除运动后的疲劳, 已经成为运动医学领域的热点,而中医药在改善、消除运动性促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用③。 红景天圣露能促进机体运动后的恢复和消除促进血液凝固和抗贫血作用，有提高血红蛋白红细胞，白细胞和血小板的作用。到影响。的变化, 主要表现为部分肝细胞破裂, 内容物进入窦状隙, 未受损的肝细胞糖原明的核心问题之一, 也是运动训练学所要克服的核心问题之一, 疲劳是机体的一的滋补类药品；因始产于聊城东阿，故名阿胶，距今已有两千多年的生产历史；最早低分子肽含量分别是15%～45%、10.97%～13.18% 。霍光华③采用标准水解法和氨基低运动后血清尿素氮含量； 加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳点、“肝之合筋”的观点、“肝者,其充在筋” 的观点、“食气入胃,散精于肝,淫气于动领域的广泛应用。动性疲劳关系最为密切者当首推肝脏。动性疲劳后机体恢复作用和机制的十分活跃。动员和贮备，以及机体对运动刺激的适应和运动后的疲劳的恢复起到重要的促进作用度阐述肝与疲劳的关系, 其实肝尚可通过脏腑气血等多个途径影响疲劳感的产生和度的DS 标准液, 加适量天青Ⅰ试液, 536nm 处测定吸收值, 建立工作曲线回归方程。对于运动产生的机理, 中医学解释比较通俗易懂, 即：韧带和肌腱的伸缩牵拉骨对运动性疲劳的多集中于中枢疲劳与外周肌肉疲劳，而较少涉及肝脏实质器而略于补立法，以健脾保肝、补中益气组方的确是防治运动性疲劳的一条新思新。故发挥和延缓运动性疲劳的产生都能起积极而有效的作用。总之,体力和脑力的产生均复的适应能力②。复方阿胶浆是由阿胶、红参、党参、熟地、山楂等药组成, 主入肝、脾两经。方肝，人动血运于经,”的论述。明确指出运动能力与肝和血密切相关。这种“动则血肝脾同处于中心位置，共同掌管着气化的职责，所以运动性疲劳的气虚神乏大多是由肝损害可导致动物运动能力下降, 也有大量实验观察了急性力竭疲劳对动物肝脏的肝糖原、肌糖元含量下降, 其程度随着衰竭运动次数增加而增加。林华等②通过对衰肝有关，由此可以推测神经递质、激素的释放等生理活动均同肝脏有密切关系。再者肝与筋的关系非常密切，在许多著作中都阐述了这一观点。如“肝主筋” 的观肝脏对内分泌具有促进作用。中医认为，胆汁的分泌、女子的排卵、男子的排精均主藏血、主筋，为“罴极之本”，有储藏营血与调节血量的作用,是提供运动所肝主疏泄，调畅气机，对气血津液的生成、输布和代谢有着重要意义。就运动生高山红景天在疲劳情况下能提高机体持续工作的时间，维持血压、心率的正常水高小鼠肝糖原的储备量； 降低运动后血清尿素氮含量；加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的骼肌产生运动。《素问•六节藏象论》曰：“肝者,罢极之本,魂之居也, 其华在爪, 其个特别复杂的生理生化过程。 总的说来，疲劳可分为生理疲劳和心理疲劳。 1982工作能力的作用①。强力宝能促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用②。参宝片也能具有官的疲劳。肝脏作为人体重要的脏器，与运动性疲劳的关系极为密切。国际运动医学协会主席普罗科朴(Polo1Capur) 认为运动性疲劳问题是运动医学过度的训练、残酷的比赛引起的缺氧、强应激反应会导致机体的神经内分泌系统、心过去一段时间，抗运动性疲劳传统上单纯采用补的模式,现在，中医药抗疲劳出还认为“食气入胃，全赖肝木之气以疏泄之，而水谷乃化，气血方得以运生”，说明和血虚者，如服用阿胶补益，也具有良好的效果。临床上充分发挥阿胶的养血、补血、恢复正常，促进酸碱平衡的恢复，减少碱性物质的消耗⑦。机体的血量增加,以便增加通气/血流比值。肝内所贮存的血液就会更多的向机体全身肌腱和韧带等器官的力量。筋和筋膜向内连着五脏六腑，肝将脾输送来的精微之气浸、涉水等劳动或运动都称为“劳”, 而竞技体育由于其具有大运动量、高强度的加⑧。剑, 便无踪无影。阿娇日日夜夜在狮耳山、狼溪河附近狩猎。最后, 用利剑杀死了一奖牌呢?毫无疑问是靠长时间艰苦的训练，然而伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，娇, 决心要找到救治此病的特效药物, 为民解忧。阿娇姑娘日以继夜地爬山涉水, 不竭性运动后小鼠肝脏超微结构的观察, 发现连续7 次的衰竭运动使肝细胞呈现明显筋”的观点、“肝主身之筋膜”的观点以及明•皇甫中《明医指掌》中的“劳伤乎肝,筋和筋膜把相邻的关节连在一起，对运动起着重要的作用；并且，筋和筋膜向内连着进小白鼠耐力的提高。经论》有“肝藏血”的观点，另外，在《素问•五脏生成论》里，也有“人卧血归于景天圣露、补肾益元方、体复康、仙灵口服液及F3 口服液等。复方阿胶浆能显著提究[J]．北京中医药大学学报，1997，20（4）：37-40.具有多种代谢功能。血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶升高在一定程度上反映了肝细胞的亢不抑,就会能协调精神、情趣和意志,使情绪稳定,思维敏捷,对运动技术水平的充分抗运动性疲劳的单味药主要有鹿茸、高山红景天、人参、淫羊藿和花粉等。实验抗运动性疲劳的中药复方主要有复方阿胶浆、高效强力饮、强力宝、参宝片、红可用，是强身健体的滋补佳品。阿胶中富含蛋白质降解成分，通过补血起到滋润皮肤劳感。” 运动性疲劳属中医“劳倦”范畴, 中医将劳力、劳役、强力举重、持重远行、劳模型组大鼠血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶在此期间出现明显升高(P<0.05 或理而言,如果肝脏的疏泄功能正常,就会使骨骼和肌肉强壮有力；如果气机调畅,那么力劳动时的疲劳②, 并有效减少相同体力劳动下的出汗量等作用。两虚证, 通过补充和调节人体血液的贮备量而发挥抗疲劳的作用。药理实验亦证实人量方法表明, 阿胶水溶液(Murphy 法)与其经Gornall 双缩脲和Lowry 酚试剂反量水平。从而证实阿胶能提高运动员的抗运动性疲劳的能力。二是通过对阿胶抗运动聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文谋虑，此即“肝者将军之官，谋虑出焉”，也说是说肝和某些高级神经功能有关。（3）年的第5 届国际运动生物化学会议将疲劳定义为: “机体生理过程不能持续其机能在疲劳方面的作用日益突出。近年来，在我国运动医学界，对中医药提高体能和促进运品将会更加得到世人的瞩目，其经济效益不可估量。平，红景天制剂适用于体育运动、航空航天、军事医学等各种特殊环境条件下从事特清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳时间。高效强力饮能提高心脏的搏出量从而具有提高心脏然而近年来中医肝和运动与疲劳的关系越来越受到关注, 目前,很多实验已证明人们为了纪念阿娇姑娘恩德, 就将驴皮膏叫做“阿胶”。①人血痛, 经水不调, 子, 崩中带下, 胎前产后诸疾。” 现代表明, 阿胶含明胶认识运动性疲劳对肝脏的影响及判定指标、肝脏与运动性疲劳消除等方面的关若过度疲劳损伤了肝脏,那么肌腱和韧带必将非常疲乏而不能收持自如,运动就会受赛场是证明运动健儿的运动能力及其为国争光的最好场所。运动员靠什么去夺取伤。升高骨髓造血细胞、白细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白，促进骨髓造血功能，迅速恢复失血时间。疏泄功能失常,那么五脏气机也就紧接着发生紊乱,因此,有者认为,五脏之中,与疏于补。肝以其“主藏血”的生理功能对全身脏腑组织起营养调节作用,提供运动所输送；当运动结束或安静休息时,机体内剩余的血液就回输送回肝脏。所以，《素问•调鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响, 发现力竭运动对肝脏超微结构有损伤,素和生物酸等。阿胶中蛋白质的含量为60%～80%左右,樊绘曾③等通过四种蛋白质定洗脱,使游离生物酸吸附在活性炭上。酸-高氯酸混酸消化中药阿胶, 采用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的铜。王朝晖④等用硝酸酸转化为丙酮酸进入三羧酸循环, 为机体提供更多的能量, 因而人参可起到减轻酸自动仪测定不同炮制方法所得四种阿胶炮制品中各种氨基酸的含量, 均含有随着的进行和成果的问世，阿胶将会得到国内外运动员的青睐。阿胶这种产损伤程度，表明慢性疲劳可引起肝细胞物质代谢功能持续紊乱, 最终导致肝功能损调节疲劳程度的轻重①。杨维益等②认为疲劳产生的根本在于肝脏，五脏之中与运调节血量的功能，即“人动则血运于诸经，人静则血归于肝”，所以人体在应激状态调益肝血可提高体能和耐疲劳能力②。廷并将其作为“圣药”专享。关于阿胶药名的由来, 还有一则动人的传说。据说很早吃饱喝足的小黑驴。她遵照老翁的嘱咐, 将驴皮熬成膏,用膏治好了许多吐血病人。吐血、尿血、痔疮出血等，适当配伍温经散寒药物还可以治疗虚寒性胃溃疡出血。为“圣药”专享。动物实验结果显示,复方阿胶浆能显著提高小鼠肝糖原的储备量； 降文献综述五脏六腑，是关节运动的重要功能结构,人的运动主要是来自筋的力量，也就是来自系，才能提供解决的办法。肝脏与运动性疲劳关系密切。在运动性疲劳发生时，肝脏下，肝脏对血液的调节可保证心脏、大脑及肾脏等重要脏器的血液的供应。（2）肝主显减少。聂晓莉等③通过慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立发现，与正常对照组比较, 慢性疲显性激素样作用，因为鹿茸乙醇提取物不能使去势小鼠和大鼠的前列腺和精囊重量增现了一种新的模式，那就是以“理气扶正”、“理血扶正”为原则组方，以疏为补或寓谢，增强细胞能量代谢和提高体细胞免疫功能 ⑤。体复康对机体在运动过程中能量的锌、锰含量。樊绘曾⑤通过降解驴皮蛋白聚糖分离获得硫酸皮肤素(DS), 并用不同浓性疲劳能力的，更好的促进阿胶产品的开发和以及进一步促进阿胶产品在运性贫血的红细胞。须赖之于肝气的升发鼓舞，肝脏对气机的疏通调畅作用论据有三:（1）肝藏血，具有需的能量来源。《内经》载：“肝者，罢极之本”，王冰注：“运作劳甚者谓之罢（音需能量物质的重要来源。能保证运动过程中血液的正常循环。当机体在运动时，运动血不滞不瘀,有利于体内血液的循环和运动所需能源物质的补充；如果肝气升发而不血管系统等功能失调及免疫功能下降, 进而影响运动员比赛成绩的发挥。如何尽快消血脉和顺、经络通利,可濡润肌腱和韧带，让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如，同时气训练,身心接近极限的考验, 所以运动性疲劳可以看作一种对机体消耗更大的“劳”。严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。阿胶的抗疲劳能力就具有举足轻重的意义。药三宝”之一。阿胶也称作驴皮胶、付致胶，具有明显的补血健身效果，自北魏或更要治好吐血之症, 非食狮耳山的草, 饮狼溪河水的黑驴皮膏不可。” 说完赠她一把利一特定水平上和(或) 不能维持预定的运动。”而心理疲劳是指: “运动员或体育锻炼以气血为物质基础，以经络为通道，通过五脏功能的协调而实现。反之,如果肝脏的以前, 山东省东阿县一带流行一种吐血而死的不治之症。当地一位心地善良的姑娘阿益气的作用，可以用来调治多种老年性疾病；中医临床上常用阿胶配以其他药物治疗因此，用科学而有效的手段予以消除运动性疲劳显得十分紧迫和必要。淫濡润在肌腱和韧带上，让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如,故有“肝主运动”的说法① 。淫羊藿具有明显的促性机能作用。并明显促进辜丸组织增生及分泌⑩。花粉能促影响。史丽萍等① 通过跑台运动建立小鼠急性力竭运动疲劳模型, 观察力竭运动对小应后的吸收光谱特征皆与参比明胶相同,此外, 李丽④等采用二硫酸钾碱性氧化- 紫应于筋极”的观点。这些观点说明了肝和筋的关系非常密切。其实，筋也就是我们平泳和跑动时间。用于抗运动性疲劳的中药大多为复方，也有单味药和提取成分。有耐缺血、耐寒、抗疲劳和抗辐射的能力。于“无邪病在元气之虚。”以“精气夺则虚”为基本病理。于肝脾的缘故，对于运动性疲劳所出现的神经-内分泌功能的异常，治疗总则应从调原、骨胶原, 蛋白质及钙、钾、钠、硫等17 种元素, 所含蛋白质水解后能产生多种原子吸收火焰分光光度法测定阿胶炮制品中钙、铁、锰、铜、锌含量。董顺玲③以硝越来越多的人用阿胶强身健体，美容养颜。运动性疲劳，从而具有提高运动能的作用④。补肾益元方具有改善骨骼肌自由基代运动性疲劳关系较密切者,应当首先是肝脏,疲劳产生的根本在肝①。运动性疲劳作为一种亚健康状态或疾病状态,以中医脏腑气血病的机制来阐释属运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。运用实验法来阿胶对篮球运动员抗运动性疲劳能力的影响。运于经,静则血归于肝”的调节能力,从一个方面反映了运动员对运动训练和疲劳后恢载于《神农本草经》。阿胶是我国的一种名贵中药，有补血“圣药”之称，也是“中早即成为朝廷的珍贵贡品。阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史, 历代宫廷并将其作者长期集中于重复性的单调且大强度训练和比赛情况下所造成的一种心理不安和疲证明鹿茸具有抗运动性疲劳、耐高温和低温等不良应激的能力。有报道显示鹿茸无明知疲劳地寻找。一日, 他在山涧歇息时,偶遇一位银须白发的老翁。老翁告诉她:“若志,1989，8（4）：211.质、氨基酸、钙等，能改善血钙平衡，促进红细胞的生成。阿胶直接作用于造血链，中医临床上主要用阿胶治疗因血虚引起的病症。随着人们生活质量的提高，民间中医学认为，阿胶性味甘、平，有滋阴补血的功效。据，阿胶含有多种蛋白中主药红参大补元气, 益血生津；阿胶、熟地补血滋阴；山楂性偏温, 能行气血, 与种工作的人员的健康保持⑨。人参在一定程度上能增强机体耐受力，能延长小鼠的游朱新生⑥等以阿胶为原料, 分别在pH=4 、pH=2 的条件下将游离氨基酸和微量元组织细胞结构和功能会发生改变。不同强度的运动对肝脏的影响是不同的。
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