中考英语总复习冠词数词 5页

中考英语总复习：冠词、数词 ‎ ‎ 冠词 ‎1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle ‎ ‎ 元音开头的可数名词前用an : ‎ an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / ‎ ‎（2）定冠词：the the egg the plane ‎2. 用法:‎ 不定冠词用法；（1）用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。（2）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，（3）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。（4.）固定搭配。 a lot Of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass Of, such a／an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, en Yuan a kilo 定冠词的用法：‎ ‎（1）特指某（些）人或物。（2）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。（3）用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。（4）用在序数词前。（5）用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。（6）用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。 the　rich（富人）,the poor（穷人）,the deaf（聋人）,the blind（盲人）,the dead（死者）,the wounded（伤员） （7）用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。（8）用在乐器前。‎ ‎（9）用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。. In the 1970s, （10）用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。 the United Nations, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, in the end, in the day, in the middle Of, ll the time, in the east, by the way, On the way tO, the（more）…… the（more）…“越…越…”‎ 不用冠词的情况：‎ ‎（1）名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。（2）名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。（3）名词前有whose,which, ,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。（4）复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。 eg.Those young men are teachers,not students. （5）物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snow is white.‎ ‎（6）抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Does she like music？‎ ‎（7）在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.play basketball／soccer／chess ‎（8）在三餐前不用冠词。eg.have breakfast／lunch／supper／dinner ‎（9）在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。‎ ‎（10）在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。‎ ‎（11）在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。‎ eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last 在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。 in hospital（在住院）；in the hospital（在医院） in prison（在坐牢）；in the prison（在监狱里）‎ ‎ at table（吃饭,用餐）；at the table（在桌旁） in front of（在某个范围之外的前面）；in the front of（在某个范围之外的前面） go to college（上大学）；go to the college（去那所大学） take place（发生）；take the place（代替）‎ 习题：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。‎ ‎1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.‎ ‎2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.‎ ‎3. Mary is interested in ______ science.‎ ‎4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.‎ ‎5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.‎ ‎6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.‎ ‎7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!‎ ‎8 In‎ ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.‎ ‎9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.‎ ‎10. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.‎ ‎11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.‎ ‎12. We were having______ lunch when they came in.‎ ‎13. This is ______ book you gave me last week.‎ ‎14. What did you do ______ last Saturday?‎ ‎15. March 8 is ______ Women's Day.‎ ‎16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.‎ ‎17. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.‎ ‎18. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.‎ ‎19. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.‎ ‎20. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.‎ ‎21．There is _______ picture of _______  elephant on _______  wall． 22．This is _______  useful book．I've read it for _______ hour． 23． _______ elephant is much heavier than _______  horse． 24． _______ doctor told him to take _______  medicine three times _______ day． 25．Let's go out for _______  walk． 26．It's too hot．Open _______  door，please． 27．There is _______  woman over there． _______ woman is Meimei's mother． 28． _______ sun rises in _______  east． 29． _______ Changjiang River is _______  longest river in _______  China．‎ ‎ 30．Are you going to do it _______  second time？ 31．What _______  important news！‎ 数词：‎ 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 　一、基数词 　　1）基数词写法和读法： 345　three hundred and forty-five； 　　2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： 　　 a. 要注意的是hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时，即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时，其本身都不要加s，如：three hundred students。②若表示成百，成千或数百，数千时，前面不能有基数词，但其本身要用复数形式，然后+of+名词复数。如：thousands of students  数千名学生 ‎ b.　在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里； 　 如：They arrived in twos and threes.　他们三三两两的到达了。 　　 c. 表示"几十岁"； d. 表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数； 　　 e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. 　二、序数词 　　其构成法如下：1规则的直接在基数词后加th，如：fourth fifth sixth seventh tenth eleventh nineteenth 整十的：twentieth thirtieth fortieth不规则的则需要一一记忆因它们在考试中出现的频率很高：  first secondthird  eighth ninth twelfth 序数词的缩写形式： first---1st　second---2nd　thirty-first---31st　 　三、 数词的用法 　　1）倍数表示法 　　 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as 　　　 I have three times as many as you.　我有你三倍那么多。 　　 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of… 　　　 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.　地球是月球的49倍。 　　 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than… 　　 The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 　　 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 　　 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 　　 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 　　 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 　　2）分数表示法 　　构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数： 　 1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths 练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎1、Mr. Black lives on the floor. (six)‎ ‎2、Jack will come back on the of next month. (twenty-three)‎ ‎3、Autumn is the season of the year. (three)‎ ‎4、The boy is very strong. (seven)‎ ‎5、Summer is the season of the year. (two)‎ ‎6、The story is very interesting. (one)‎ ‎7、September is the month of the year. (nine)‎ ‎8、There are of workers in a factory. (hundred)‎ ‎9、Who was the to get there? (one)‎ ‎10、I have two stamps. (hundred)‎ 二．句意选词 ‎( )1.The government of Chongqing is building _______ cheap and good houses for the people. ‎ A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of . ‎ ‎( )2. Now, everybody, please turn to Page ______and look at the ______ picture. ‎ A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five ‎ ‎( )3.----Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory ? ‎ ‎----No, I think we need ______ students. ‎ A. another B. tow others C. more two D. two more ‎ ‎( )4. We’ll have a ______ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? ‎ A. two days B. two—day C. two—days D. two—days’ ‎ ‎( )5. ---How many teachers are there in your school ? ---- ______, but I’m not sure. ‎ A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred ‎ ‎( )6. The river is very long and it is about_________ .‎ A. 20 metres wide B. 15 metres long C. 30 metres high D. 50 metres tall ‎( )7. My father will have a_______ holiday next month. He'll take me to Qingdao.‎ A. ten days B. ten day's C. ten-days D. ten days'‎ ‎( )8. Eight students in our school are from countryside.‎ A hundreds B hundred C hundreds of D. hundred of ‎( )9.______ trees were cut down. And many birds lost their home. ‎ A. Two thousands B. Thousands of C. Thousand of ‎ ‎( )10. I don’t believe that this _____ boy can paint such a nice picture.‎ A. five years old B. five-years-old C. five-year-old ‎( )11. Football is so exciting that _____ people in the world play it.‎ A. million of B. millions of C. two millions of ‎( )12. Each of us has to write a_______ report every two weeks. ‎ A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words ‎ ‎( )13．We are going to learn___ this term.‎ A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six ‎( )14．The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.‎ A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second ‎( )15．About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.‎ A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth ‎( )16．He will come here ____ tomorrow morning. ‎ A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth ‎( )17．Every day he begins to do his homework ___.‎ A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten ‎( )18．He began to work there____.‎ A. on his fifty   B. at age of fifty    C. when he fifty D. in his fifties ‎( )19．They moved to Beijing _‎ A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's ‎( )20．She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.    　‎ A. at    B. on     C. of      D: in 三、完形填空 IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You can’t hold anyone in your 1 . You can’t walk anywhere with your feet. How would you last a day like that? Would you 2 at yourself in the mirror (镜子) like Nick Vujicic, the 29-year-old Australian?‎ Nick was born without limbs (四肢), so life was not 3 for him. At school many students played jokes on him 4 he looked different from everyone else. He was refused to be 5 friends, so he always felt 6 . However, he faced that bravely. He 7 to type and write with two toes (脚趾) at the age of six, and he could 8 surf and play golf. In college, he got great success and was among the 9 students in the studies. And he decided on 10 to do later in his life-to encourage others to work hard for their dreams.‎ Now Nick is one of the most popular ‎11 in the world. He travels to many countries and tell others about his story 12 difficulties. “Living life fully is about looking at what you 13 , not what you don’t have,” he said. His 14 encourages millions of people.‎ ‎“I tell people to keep on getting up when they 15 and to always love themselves,” he said. “If I can encourage just one person, then my job in this life is done.”‎ ‎( )1. A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth ‎( )2. A. laugh B. cry C. smile D. shout ‎( )3. A. old B. easy C. modern D. difficult ‎( )4. A. because B. if C. until D. although ‎( )5. A. his B. my C. their D. our ‎( )6. A. happy B. relaxed C. lonely D. surprised ‎( )7. A. failed B. forgot C. helped D. learned ‎( )8. A. even B. ever C. never D. always ‎( )9. A. tall B. lazy C. sleepy D. excellent ‎( )10. A. how B. who C. what D. where ‎( )11. A. doctors B. speakers C. scientists D. managers ‎( )12. A. at B. for C. into D. against ‎( )13. A. make B. have C. lose D. want ‎ ‎( )14. A. story B. sadness C. friend D. family ‎( )15. A. fall B. play C. listen D. exercise 四、选词填空 A. names B. given C. However D. twice E. and ‎ F. notice G. Also H. before I. Worst J. better Naming the Baby Parents always think babies are very special. They want others to 1 their children. For this reason, they sometimes give their children unusual 2 . They may choose names such as Chelma, Ukiah, Brianna, or Elvira. There are some advantages to this practice. A child who is 3 an uncommon name may feel special from childhood. 4 , sometimes we remember people with unusual names 5 than we remember people with ordinary names. ‎ ‎ 6 , unusual names can cause problems. They can be hard for teachers and friends to pronounce. They can also be hard to spell, 7 computers may automatically (自动地) change them. For example, Jule may become July. Some people may have a bad impression on an unusual name 8 they even meet the person. 9 of all, other children sometimes don’t like kids with uncommon names. The message for parents is, “Think 10 before you give your child an unusual name.‎ ‎1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ‎ ‎6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ‎ 五、阅读理解 Hello, everyone. Because of the high rate of school violence (暴力) in some areas, teenagers’ safety becomes a serious problem. We are planning to set up an organization named School Watch to make sure that students have a safe school environment. Please be part of our plan!‎ What is School Watch?‎ School Watch is a volunteer project in our school. It helps us stop violence and improve the quality of school life. It will keep yourself and your schoolmates safe. The other members of School Watch care for you and your classroom and you do the same for them.‎ Is it for everyone?‎ Anybody can become a member of School Watch because everyone has something to offer.‎ What else can it do?‎ School Watch makes it possible for us not only to help each other but also to make friends with each other. Some members may offer to help schoolmates who have problems with their homework.‎ Who is the School Watch?‎ Our school will look for the School Watcher and give him or her lots of prizes. You could be the one!‎ How do you start?‎ To be part of this plan, the only thing you need to do is to talk to the director of the plan in your grade. If you want to get more information, check the official website at www. schoolwacth. com.‎ ‎( )1. The members of School Watch are probably .‎ A. teenagers B. parents C. policemen ‎( )2. School Watch can help its members .‎ A. save the environment B. organize sports activities C. improve the quality of school life ‎( )3. Anyone can become a member of School Watch because .‎ A. everyone may have problems B. everyone can give help to others C. everyone need to make some friends ‎( )4. If you want to be a member of School Watch, you should .‎ A. check the website B. be good at your schoolwork C. talk to the director of the plan in your grade ‎( )5. The Best School Watcher will get a lot of prizes from every year.‎ A. the school B. the website C. the organization 六、完成对话 Helen: Henry, why don’t we go out for lunch today and visit some friends?‎ Henry: Would you like me to 1 today’s football game? Washington Team is playing 2 New York Team today. I can’t miss that.‎ Helen: To tell you the 3 , Henry. Haven’t you got 4 of football game?‎ Henry: This will be one of the best games of the year and I haven’t seen Washington Team 5 for years.‎ Helen: Oh, come on, Henry. Don’t you think it foolish to 6 every Sunday afternoon in front of the TV set watching football?‎ Henry: No, not at all. Why don’t you watch it with me? You 7 like it.‎ Helen: No, thanks. I have better things to do 8 my Sunday afternoons. Besides, it’s too rough for me.‎ Henry: I think you don’t know what the football means. Football 9 “to make a man strong”.‎ Helen: Er, maybe you are right, 10 you’d better walk more after watching it.‎ ‎1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ‎ ‎6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ‎