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中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题13 there be句型与主谓一致

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专题十三 there be句型与主谓一致 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考there be句型与主谓一致仍是高频考点,倾向于考查there be句型的用法,主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现,考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ there be句型的用法 there be后接可数名词复数时,be用复数形式 ‎28‎ ‎ 1‎ ‎2019‎ there be句型的用法 there be句型变为一般疑问句,be提到句首并和主语的数保持一致 ‎22‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ there be句型的用法 there be后接不可数名词时,be用单数形式 ‎21‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ there be句型的用法 there be句型的就近原则 ‎26‎ ‎1‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎ there be句型与主谓一致 在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致,这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配: 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。‎ ‎1.语法一致 使用情况 例句 ‎“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing.女孩喜欢唱歌。‎ To protect the environment is our duty.保护环境是我们的责任。‎ Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.在太阳下看书对我们的眼睛是有害的。‎ 续表 使用情况 例句 表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class.学生们正在上数学课。‎ They have been to Qingdao twice.他们已经去了青岛两次。‎ both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.彼得和迈克都来自英国。‎ 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Jack's glasses are broken.杰克的眼镜坏了。‎ ‎“a number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted.已经种植了很多树。‎ The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.我们学校男老师的数量超过一百二十个。‎ 续表 使用情况 例句 ‎“a kind of+名词”构成名词短语作主语时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。类似的短语还有: a sort of,a pair of,a glass of,a box of等 A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.花园里的一种玫瑰闻起来很舒服。‎ A pair of shoes is under the bed.一双鞋子在床底下。‎ one,every,each,everybody,everyone,one of,no one,nothing,nobody,someone,somebody,either,neither,many a 等作主语或修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法 ‎ Neither of my sisters likes sports.我的姐妹们都不喜欢运动。‎ Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.每个男孩和女孩都表现出对这本书极大的兴趣。‎ 主语后面跟with,along with,like,except,besides,as well as,together with,including,no less than,rather than,as much as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Meimei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sundays.梅梅和她的父母经常在星期天一起去公园。‎ ‎“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of,plenty of,most of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是可数名词单数或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished.已经完成了三分之二的工作。‎ Most of the books are written in English.大部分的书是用英语写的。‎ 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数 The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。‎ what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式 What we need is time.我们所需要的是时间。‎ What she needs are good books.她所需要的是好书。‎ ‎  2.意义一致 这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。‎ 使用情况 例句 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、长度等词语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 ‎ Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八个小时的睡眠是足够的。‎ ‎“the+形容词”作主语时,指一类人应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数 The sick here are very well cared for.这里的病人被照顾得很好。‎ 续表 使用情况 例句 有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式 His family isn't large.他的家庭不大。‎ After dinner,his family usually take a walk along the lake.晚饭后,他的家人通常沿着湖边散步。‎ 有些集合名词如people,police等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murderer.警察们正在寻找凶手。‎ Physics is his favorite subject.物理是他最爱的科目。‎ ‎“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语,‎ Most of her money is spent on clothes.她大部分的钱花在了衣服上。‎ 谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致 ‎  3.就近原则 这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与离其最近的主语保持一致。‎ 使用情况 例句 由or,either…or…,nor,neither… nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致 Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.不仅吉姆,而且他的朋友们也喜欢这部电影。‎ Here/There be句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致 There is an orange and two apples on the plate.盘子里有一个橙子和两个苹果。‎ ‎4.there be句型 ‎(1)there be常见的几种句型 ‎①There is+a/an可数名词单数/不可数名词(+v.ing)+地点.如:‎ There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。‎ There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。‎ ‎②There are+可数名词复数(+v.ing)+地点.如:‎ There are many flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。‎ There are two boys running on the street.街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。‎ ‎③可以在be前加上情态动词,表示“预见”,“可能”,“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如:‎ There may be a cigarette in that box.那个盒子里或许有支香烟。‎ There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。‎ ‎④也可以在be前加上某些半助动词(如be going to,be certain to,be sure to,be likely to,have to等),表示更具体的意思。如:‎ There is going to rain.要下雨了。‎ There has to be a mistake.必定有错。‎ There used to be a hospital before the war.在战前,那里曾经有家医院。‎ There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。‎ ‎(2)there be句型的时态 there be句型中be动词可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。如:‎ There is ice on the lake.湖上有冰。‎ There were three students in the classroom then.当时教室有三个学生。‎ There has never been anybody like you.还从来没有像你这样的人。‎ There will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。‎ ‎(3)there be句型的否定句 there be句型的否定句有两种构成方式:‎ ‎①通常直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:‎ There isn't a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。‎ There aren't any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。‎ There hasn't been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。‎ ‎②在主语前加上不定代词no。如:‎ There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。‎ There might be no money left.或许没有钱剩下。‎ ‎(4)there be句型的疑问句 there be句型的一般疑问句是将be或助动词、情态动词提至there之前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:‎ ‎—Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗?‎ ‎—Yes,there is.是的,有。/No,there isn't.不,没有。‎ ‎—Will there be a party tonight?今晚有聚会吗?‎ ‎—Yes,there will.是的,有。/No,there won't.不,没有。‎ ‎(5)there be句型的主谓一致 ‎①当be动词后所接的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,be动词用单数形式;当其后所接的名词是可数名词复数时,be动词用复数形式。如:‎ There's a man at the door.门口有个人。‎ There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有些苹果汁。‎ There are so many strangers in the street.大街上有如此多的陌生人。‎ ‎②如果there be后面是几个并列名词作主语,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致,即“就近原则”。如:‎ There are two books and a pen on the desk.书桌上有两本书和一支钢笔。(因为最靠近be的名词是two books,是复数,所以用are)‎ There is a pen and two books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。(因为最靠近be的名词是a pen,是单数,所以用is)‎ 注意:如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单数概念时,则仍用be动词的单数形式。如:‎ There is five hundred dollars to pay.还需付五百美元。‎ There is still another 20 miles to drive.还要开20英里的车。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎( B )1.(热点题)There ______ an exciting soccer game in the FIFA World Cup last night,but I missed it.‎ A.were B.was C.is D.are ‎( A )2.(2019银川中考模拟)—What______the number of the students in your school?‎ ‎—About two thousand.A number of them ______ from the countryside.‎ A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(   )1.(2019毕节中考)There ______ some students on the playground.‎ A.is B.have C.has D.are ‎【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意:操场上有一些学生。题空后的some students是名词复数,there be结构用复数形式are,故选D。‎ ‎(   )2.(2019毕节中考)______ there any rice in the bag?‎ A.Has B.Is C.Are D.Have ‎【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意:袋子里有一些米吗?表示存在用there be结构。there be句型变为一般疑问句时,be提到句首并和主语的数保持一致,rice是不可数名词时,be用单数形式is,故选B。‎ ‎(   )3.(2019毕节中考)There ______ only a little milk in the fridge.‎ A.is B.are C.be D.has ‎【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意:冰箱里仅仅只有一点牛奶。milk是不可数名词,there be后接不可数名词,be用单数形式is,故选A。‎ ‎(   )4.(2019毕节中考)There ______ a book and some pens in the bag.Please give them to the old man.‎ A.be B.are C.is D.have ‎【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意:包里有一本书和一些钢笔,请把他们交给老人。there be后面是几个并列名词作主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致,a book是单数名词,be用单数形式is,故选C。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎ there be句型与主谓一致 单项填空。‎ ‎( C )1.(2019东营中考)There ______ six countries in SCO(上合组织) at first,but now the number has increased to eight.‎ A.is B.are C.were D.will be ‎( D )2.(2019维吾尔自治区中考)Both Mike and I ______ ready for the new high school life.‎ A.be B.am C.is D.are ‎( C )3.(2019临沂中考)The TV news reports that there ______ a storm the day after tomorrow.‎ A.is B.was C.will be D.has be ‎( A )4.(原创题)Doing eye exercises ______ good for our eyes.‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were ‎( A )5.(2019毕节中考模拟)—A number of Hollywood films ______ shown in China every year.‎ ‎—Yes.The number of Hollywood films shown this year ______ reached 30.‎ A.are;has B.is;have C.are;have D.is;has ‎( B )6.(2019长春中考)Nowadays,there ______ more heroes in China.We admire them a lot.‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were ‎( D )7.(易错题)There is going to ______ a football match the day after tomorrow.‎ A.have B.has C.host D.be ‎( C )8.(2019铜仁中考)—What does he say?‎ ‎—He says there ______ a meeting tomorrow morning.‎ A.is B.has C.will be D.have